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(a) (A) classification. Canned beans that possess a practically clear liquor may be given a score of 9 or 10 points. "Practically clear liquor" means that the liquor may possess a slight tint of yellowgreen to green color and that not more than a trace of suspended material and sediment is present.

(b) (B) classification. If the canned beans possess a reasonably clear liquor, a score of 8 points may be given. "Reasonably clear liquor" means that the liquor may be cloudy and contain a small quantity of sediment.

(c) (C) classification. If the canned beans possess a fairly good liquor, a score of 7 points may be given. "Fairly good liquor" means that the liquor may be dull in color, but not off color; may be cloudy; or may possess a noticeable accumulation of sediment.

(d) (SStd) classification. Canned beans that possess a liquor that is definitely off color for any reason, is excessively cloudy, or contains a seriously objectionable quantity of sediment may be given a score of 0 to 6 points and shall not be graded above Substandard, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). § 52.452

Color.

(a) (A) classification. Canned beans that possess a practically uniform bright typical color may be given a score of 14 or 15 points. "Practically uniform bright typical color" means that the canned beans possess a color that is bright and typical of very young and tender green beans or wax beans, as the case may be, of similar varietal characteristics with not more than 5 percent, by count, of units which vary markedly from this typical color.

(b) (B) classification. If the canned beans possess a reasonably uniform typical color, a score of 12 or 13 points may be given. "Reasonably uniform typical color" means that the canned beans possess a color that is typical of young and reasonably tender green beans or wax beans, as the case may be, of similar varietal characteristics with not more than 10 percent, by count, of units which vary markedly from this typical color.

(c) (C) classification. Canned beans that possess a fairly uniform typical color may be given a score of 10 or 11 points. Canned beans that fall into this classification shall not be graded above

U.S. Grade C, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). "Fairly uniform typical color" means that the canned beans possess a color that is typical of nearly mature and fairly tender green beans or wax beans, as the case may be, of similar varietal characteristics with not more than 15 percent, by count, of units which vary markedly from this typical color.

(d) (SStd) classification. Canned beans that are definitely off color or fail to meet the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section may be given a score of 0 to 9 points and shall not be graded above Substandard, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule).

§ 52.453 Absence of defects.

(a) General. The factor of absence of defects refers to the degree of freedom from blemished and seriously blemished units; from unstemmed units, detached stems, leaves, extraneous vegetable matter; or split units, loose seeds and pieces of seed, small pieces of pod, and raggedcut units or units damaged by mechanical injury in the applicable styles; and any other defects not specifically defined which affect the appearance or edibility of the units or the product.

(b) Definitions of defects or defective units. (1) "Blemished" or "blemished unit" means blemished by scars, pathological injury, insect injury, or other means in which the aggregate area affected exceeds the area of a circle % inch in diameter or the appearance or eating quality of the unit is materially affected.

(2) "Seriously blemished" or "seriously blemished unit" means blemished to such an extent that the appearance or eating quality of the unit is seriously affected.

(3) "Long stems" mean attached or detached stems which are longer than 1⁄2 inch.

(4) "Extraneous vegetable matter” means leaves and other similar vegetable matter that is harmless, and includes "detached stems", when SO indicated.

(5) "Split unit" means a whole bean, cut, or short cut unit, that is split into two parts.

(6) "Small pieces of pods" means pieces of pods less than 1⁄2 inch in length.

(7) "Ragged-cut unit" means a section of a pod that has a very ragged edge, or a section of a pod that is par

tially cut that seriously affects the appearance of the pod.

(8) "Damaged by mechanical injury" means broken or damaged to such an extent that the appearance or eating quality of the unit is seriously affected.

(c) (A) classification. Canned beans that are practically free from defects may be given a score of 31 to 35 points. "Practically free from defects" means that:

(1) The limits for allowable defects or defective units in the applicable styles do not exceed the maximum limits for (A) classification in Table III of this subpart; and

(2) Notwithstanding the applicable allowances in Table III the defects or defective units (whether or not specifically defined), individually and collectively, do not materially affect the appearance or edibility of the product.

(d) (B) classification. If the canned beans are reasonably free from defects, a score of 28 to 30 points may be given. Canned beans that fall into this classification for reasons other than damage by mechanical injury shall not be graded above U.S. Grade B, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a partial limiting rule). "Reasonably free from defects" means that:

(1) The limits for allowable defects or defective units in the applicable styles do not exceed the maximum limits for

(B) classification in Table III of this subpart; and

(2) Notwithstanding the applicable allowances in Table III the defects or defective units (whether or not specifically defined), individually and collectively, do not seriously affect the appearance or edibility of the product.

(e) (C) classification. If the canned beans are fairly free from defects, a score of 25 to 27 points may be given. Canned beans that fall into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade C, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). "Fairly free from defects" means that the limits for allowable defects or defective units in the applicable styles do not exceed the maximum limits for (C) classification in Table III of this subpart.

(f) (SStd) classification. Canned beans that fail to meet the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section may be given a score of 0 to 24 points and shall not be graded above Substandard, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule); and may also be "Below Standard in QualityGood Food-Not High Grade" for the following applicable reasons:

Excessive number very short pieces;
Excessive number blemished units;
Excessive number unstemmed units;
Excessive foreign material;

Excessive loose seeds and pieces of seeds.

TABLE III-MAXIMUM ALLOWANCES FOR DEFECTS OR DEFECTIVE UNITS IN CANNED GREEN OR CANNED WAX

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Leaves and other extraneous vegetable matter.

All styles, except as indicated otherwise:

2 long stems, per 12
ozs. drained weight.

1 piece per 12 OZS.
drained weight.

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Loose seeds and pieces (except in 3% of drained weight.... 4% of drained weight.. 5% of drained weight.1 Sliced Lengthwise style).

Small pieces of pod (in cuts; and mixed-cut and short cut

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1 Determined as outlined in the standards of quality of canned green beans (21 CFR 51.11) and canned wax beans (21 CFR 51.16) promulgated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

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(a) General. The factor of character refers to the maturity as reflected in the degree of development of pods and seeds and to the tenderness of the pods; to the degree of sloughing of the epidermis; and to the appearance of the slices and portions thereof in "Sliced Lengthwise" style.

(b) Definitions. (1) "Trimmed pod" means any pod from which there has been trimmed off as far as the end of the space formerly occupied by seed, any portion of the pod from which seed has become separated.

(2) "Tough strings" means strings or pieces of string at least 1⁄2 inch in length which will support a 1⁄2 pound weight for not less than 5 seconds.

(3) "Fibrous material" means the properly prepared, dried cellulose material obtained from deseeded pods, including strings, broken or unbroken.

(c) (A) classification. Canned beans that possess a good character may be given a score of 36 to 40 points. "Good character" means that:

(1) The beans are very young and tender in that the units are full-fleshed for the variety, are tender, and are not fibrous:

(2) The seeds are in the early stages of maturity;

(3) Not more than 5 percent, by count, of the units may possess tough strings;

(4) The beans are not materially affected in appearance by sloughing of the epidermis; and

(5) The beans, in "Sliced Lengthwise" style, are well sliced.

(d) (B) classification. If the canned beans possess a reasonably good character, a score of 32 to 35 points may be given. Canned beans that fall into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade B, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). "Reasonably good character" means that:

(1) The beans are young and reasonably tender in that the units may have lost their fleshy structure to some extent and are practically free from fiber;

(2) The seeds may have passed the early stages of maturity and have not reached the late stages of maturity;

(3) Not more than 10 percent, by count, of the units may possess tough strings:

(4) The beans are not materially af

fected in appearance by sloughing of the epidermis; and

(5) The beans, in "Sliced Lengthwise" style, are reasonably well sliced.

(e) (C) classification. If the canned beans possess a fairly good character, & score of 28 to 31 points may be given. Canned beans that fall into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade C, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). "Fairly good character" means that:

(1) The beans may be nearly mature but are fairly tender in that the units may have lost their fleshy structure to a considerable extent;

(2) The beans are not seriously affected in appearance by sloughing of the epidermis;

(3) The trimmed pods contain not more than 25 percent, by weight, of seed and pieces of seed;1

(4) The deseeded pods contain not more than 0.15 percent, by weight, of fibrous material; 1 and

1

(5) Not more than 20 percent, by count, of the units may possess tough strings except that in case there are present units at least 264 inch or more in diameter, there are not more than 12 strings or pieces of string in 12 ounces, drained weight, which will support a 1⁄2 pound weight for not less than 5 seconds;

(f) (SStd.) classification. Canned beans that fail to meet the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section may be given a score of 0 to 27 points and shall not be graded above Substandard, regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule); and may also be "Below Standard in QualityGood Food-Not High Grade", for the following applicable reasons:

Excessive seed and pieces of seed in trimmed pods;

Excessive fibrous material in deseeded pods; and

Excessive tough strings.

LOT INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION

§ 52.455 Ascertaining the grade of a lot.

The grade of a lot of canned green beans or canned wax beans covered by these standards is determined by the

1 Determined as outlined in the standards of quality of canned green beans (21 CFR 51.11) and canned wax beans (21 CFR 51.18) promulgated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

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(b) "Thick-seeded Baby Potato," such as Baby Potato, Baby Fordhook, and Evergreen varieties;

(c) "Thick-seeded," such as Fordhook variety.

§ 52.473 Grades of canned lima beans. (a) "U.S. Grade A" or "U.S. Fancy" is the quality of canned lima beans that possess similar varietal characteristics; that possess a normal flavor and odor; that possess a good color; that are practically free from defects; that possess a practically clear liquor; that possess a good character; and that for those factors which are scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart the total score is not less than 90 points: Provided, That the canned lima beans may possess a reasonably good character and a fairly clear liquor if the total score is not less than 90 points.

(b) "U. S. Grade B" or "U. S. Extra Standard" is the quality of canned lima beans that possess similar varietal characteristics; that possess a normal flavor and odor; that possess a reasonably good color; that are reasonably free from defects; that possess a reasonably clear liquor; that possess a reasonably good character; and that for those factors which are scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart the total score is not less than 80 points: Provided, That the canned lima beans may possess a fairly clear liquor if the total score is not less than 80 points.

(c) "U. S. Grade C" or "U. S. Standard" is the quality of canned lima beans that possess similar varietal characteristics; that possess a normal flavor and odor; that possess a fairly good color; that are fairly free from defects; that possess a fairly clear liquor; that possess a fairly good character; and that score not less than 70 points when scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart.

(d) "Substandard" is the quality of canned lima beans that fail to meet the requirements of U. S. Grade C or U. S. Standard.

FILL OF CONTAINER AND DRAINED WEIGHTS § 52.474 Recommended fill of container.

The recommended fill of container for canned lima beans is not incorporated in the grades of the finished product, since fill of container, as such, is not a factor of quality for the purpose of these grades. It is recommended that each

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The minimum drained weight recommendations in Table No. I of this section are not incorporated in the grades of the finished product, since drained weight, as such, is not a factor of quality for the purpose of these grades. The drained weight of canned lima beans is determined by emptying the contents of the container upon a United States Standard No. 8 circular sieve of proper diameter so as to distribute the product evenly, inclining the seive to facilitate drainage and allow to drain for two minutes. The drained weight is the weight of the sieve and the lima beans less the weight of the dry sieve. A sieve 8 inches in diameter is used for the No. 2 size can (307 x 409) and smaller sizes, and a sieve 12 inches in diameter is used for containers larger than the No. 2 size can. TABLE NO. I-RECOMMENDED MINIMUM DRAINED WEIGHTS (IN OUNCES) OF LIMA BEANS

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TABLE NO. II-SIZES OF LIMA BEANS IN CANNED LIMA BEANS

Word desig

nation:

Size of lima beans (inches in width)

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Total score-

Points

85

10

25

80

100

(c) "Normal flavor and normal odor" means that the product is free from objectionable flavors and objectionable odors of any kind.

§ 52.478 Ascertaining the rating of the factors which are scored.

The essential variations within each factor which is scored are so described that the value may be ascertained for such factors and expressed numerically. The numerical range within each factor which is scored is inclusive (for example, "8 to 10 points" means 8, 9, or 10 points). § 52.479 Color.

(a) General. (1) The color for all types of canned lima beans in this subpart is based on the predominating and characteristic color of the exterior surface of the canned lima bean when compared to the U.S.D.A. permanent plastic color standards for Canned Thin-Seeded Lima Beans.

(2) A set of these color standards is available for public inspection, and information in regard to procurement of sets may be obtained from the Processed Products Standardization and Inspection

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