IN THREE PARTS. Part I. LESSONS OF VOCABULARY OF MORE THAN TWO THOUSAND WORDS FROM XENOPHON'S "ANABASIS," PECULIARITIES. Part II. CONSTRUING LESSONS CORRESPONDING WITH THOSE OF PART I., EXEMPLIFYING GREEK ACCIDENCE Part III. EASY ENGLISH EXERCISES CORRESPONDING WITH THE LESSONS, AND FORMED ONLY OF THE ACCIDENCE AND SYNTAX. GREEK BY THE REV. JAMES PYCROFT, B.A. TRINITY COLLEGE, OXFORD; AUTHOR OF 66 THE STUDENT'S GUIDE, WITH A VIEW TO OXFORD HONOURS," PREFACE. THIS little book, adapted to every grammar and every system, is founded on the following observations: First; That practice makes perfect. The easiest way to become perfect in grammar, as in every thing else, is to practise the application of its rules. A rule is only an "accessary after the fact," after the example or observation in reading has taught its meaning. So, Locke said that grammar should be taught only like rhetoric, to analyse a language which we have already caught by ear and by habit. Language, like chemistry, is best taught by experiment. Secondly; That to know a thing thoroughly, we must trace it to its root. The memory is greatly assisted, and the understanding enlightened, by the juxtaposition of roots to derivatives. If Síkn occurs in the same lesson with Suraîos and with aduros, and if pos is followed by φιλία and ἄφιλοs, then νόμος will be a ready key to ἄνομοs, and θυμὸς to ἀθυμός. On the same principle, all words compounded with Prepositions or other common words, all Adverbs derived from Nouns, all Verbs in ow, ɛw, ihw, evw, all Nouns in σις, της, μα, &c., all Adjectives in eos, ικὸς, ινος, &c., and many other words familiar to scholars, may all be so classified that the same effort of me mory will do for all; and even dull boys cannot fail to gain by observation such knowledge as will cause them to guard against at least twenty classes of errors which none but advanced scholars usually know. These classes of words are placed by themselves at the end of Part I., under the different letters of the alphabet, for easy reference. Of this classified Vocabulary the Tutor can make more or less use according to the ability of his pupil; though for the most part it is advisable to teach the whole of each column the first time it occurs, as an extra Vocabulary Lesson, and to examine the Pupil in the same whenever there is a reference to it. When in Vocabulary Lesson 62. the Pupil reads: Tλaváw; I make to wander. Z 2. ¿TITPÉTW (TPÉTW); I commit, permit. P He will find at Z 2. Tλaváw, I make to wander ; πλανάομαι, I wander ; with πορεύω, πορεύομαι; σπεύδω, σπεύδομαι ; and every common instance of the Middle Voice. At P. he will find the force of mì in composition, illustrated with a column of all the examples which occur in this book. At A. he will find ŏT BÉλTIOTα explained by a parallel passage, in columns containing all the Greek Particles in alphabetical order. Thirdly; That to observe a resemblance between two things, we should place them side by side. Thus the affinity of δικαιοσύνη to δίκη and οὐδεὶς to els will readily be traced, if they respectively occur in the same Lesson; and the result will be, what is most desirable for youth, but most rare, that REFLECTION will be exercised as well as MEMORY. Again, every teacher knows that the progress of almost all boys is impeded by their want of close observation: but when siuì is followed by nu in the Vocabulary; when siuì and inui are construed in Part II.; and when I am, I send, they are, they send are rendered in Part III., the result, must be, that, while we obviate confusion of words, we aid what is also most desirable for youth, but most rare, the formation of HABITS OF ACCURATE OBSERVATION. Fourthly; That we should first learn what we shall first have occasion to use.-Many of the words which boys learn from Fables and the common Delectus very rarely occur again, either in a simple or compound form. This book contains all the words which occur in the first book of Xenophon's Anabasis (a few paragraphs excepted) and many words besides, in number more than two thousand, which must constitute nine tenths of every page of Greek the Pupil can be required to read. I find, in opening any part of the Anabasis, three or four chapters consecutively, which, after the careful use of my treatise, I presume most boys could read without a Lexicon; because each word will be impressed on his memory in five or more different ways, which, for a clearer explanation of the use of this book, I will describe. With Part I. he will tell his master, first, the Greek for the English word, and secondly, the English for the Greek word; thirdly, he will have translated in Part II., and fourthly, have retranslated in Part III., the same word in connexion with others; fifthly, he is likely continually to find the same word, either as a root or compound, in many other Lessons. other Lessons. When I laid this |