DNA and the Criminal Justice System: The Technology of Justice

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David Lazer
MIT Press, 2004 - 414 páginas

Is DNA technology the ultimate diviner of guilt or the ultimate threat to civil liberties? Over the past decade, DNA has been used to exonerate hundreds and to convict thousands. Its expanded use over the coming decade promises to recalibrate significantly the balance between collective security and individual freedom. For example, it is possible that law enforcement DNA databases will expand to include millions of individuals not convicted of any crime. Moreover, depending on what rules govern access, such databases could also be used for purposes that range from determining paternity to assessing predispositions to certain diseases or behaviors. Thus the use of DNA technology will involve tough trade-offs between individual and societal interests.

This book, written by a distinguished group of authors including U.S. Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer, explores the ethical, procedural, and economic challenges posed by the use of DNA evidence as well as future directions for the technology. After laying the conceptual historical, legal, and scientific groundwork for the debate, the book considers bioethical issues raised by the collection of DNA, including the question of control over DNA databases. The authors then turn to the possible genetic bases of human behavior and the implications of this still-unresolved issue for the criminal justice system. Finally, the book examines the current debate over the many roles that DNA can and should play in criminal justice.

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Índice

Introduction DNA and the Criminal Justice System
3
Furthering the Conversation about Science and Society
13
Science and Technology of Forensic DNA Profiling Current Use and Future Directions
23
Fingerprint Identification and the Criminal Justice System Historical Lessons for the DNA Debate
63
The Relative Priority that Should Be Assigned to Trial Stage DNA Issues
91
Lessons from DNA Restriking the Balance between Finality and Justice
109
Balancing Privacy and Security
133
Genetic Privacy
135
Strands of Privacy DNA Databases Informational Privacy and the OECD Guidelines
225
DNA Databases for Law Enforcement The Coverage Question and the Case for a PopulationWide Database
247
The Coming Storm Crime and Behavioral Genetics
285
DNA and HumanBehavior Genetics Implications for the Criminal Justice System
287
Selective Arrests an EverExpanding DNA Forensic Database and the Specter of an EarlyTwentyFirstCentury Equivalent of Phrenology
315
Defining the Discourse
335
DNAs Identity Crisis
337
DNA and the Criminal Justice System Consensus and Debate
357

Ethical and Policy Guidance
147
Privacy and Forensic DNA Data Banks
173
DNA Tests and Databases in Criminal Justice Individual Rights and the Common Good
197
List of Contributors
391
Index
393
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Sobre el autor (2004)

David Lazer is Associate Professor of Public Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government and Director and founder of the Program on Networked Governance at Harvard University. He is the editor of DNA and the Criminal Justice System: The Technology of Justice (MIT Press, 2004).

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