The truth of the matter seems clearly to be, that whenever Halley wished to be strictly formal and precise, he used the spelling "Edmond." Witness, as one example out of several, Halley's will ("written with my own hand"), (P.C.C., register Trenley, fo. 53), as printed in The Genealogist, new series, xxv., 10; London, July, 1908. The dedication of the twenty-ninth volume of the Philosophical Transactions is signed : "Edmond Halley, R.S. Secr." In Archæologia, xxxiv., 238, are some remarks on Halley's paper relating to the landing of Cæsar in Britain. The author says that Halley was misguided by erroneous local information. All clues to inedited data on Halley will be gratefully received. EUGENE F. McPIKE. 5418, Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. THE OLD ORDER CHANGETH GIVING PLACE TO NEW: "PORT AND "STARBOARD." Considerable controversy has arisen in maritime circles with reference to the proposed alteration of the accustomed helm orders "Port" and " Port" and "Starboard." Few of us who have been used to pilotage*—that is, navigation in its widest sense, and for the matter of that, ordinary pilotage also, where little is required other than a knowledge of local conditions and some skill in handling vessels in narrow waters can adequately imagine the conse quence of the change from Port" and Starboard to Řed" and Green" or other such new helm orders as the responsible committee may decide upon. ་ It was due to William B. McClintock, 1st Lieutenant (from 3 June, 1831 onward) of H.M.S. Samarung (28 guns, 6th rate, built at Cochin, India, by the Surveyors of the Navy, 1822-length 115 ft. 8 ins., keel 94 ft. 8 ins., beam 31 ft. 10 ins., depth of hold 9 ft., burthen (500) tons, commanded by Captain Charles Henry Paget) that the helm Port" was first introduced to superorder sede the helm order " Larboard," so that if the present helm order "Port is replaced by a different order it will not have been in ordinary use at sea for 100 years. This Samarang replaced a vessel said to have been named Scipio, 18, brig sloop, captured from the Dutch by Psyche, 38, on nothing to do with each other. I prefer Lady Mary, with her breadth of judgment and accurate vision of things. Madame de Sévigné's letters are very pretty, but I assert without vanity that mine will be full as entertaining forty years hence." (Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, 1726). Again: "Mme de Sévigné, who only gives us in a lively manner and fashionable phrases, mean sentiments, vulgar prejudices, and endless repetitions. Sometimes the tittle-tattle of a fine lady, sometimes that of an old nurse, yet well gilt over with airy expressions and a flowing style." (July 20, 1754). Foix. JEAN LA CÉCILIA. GRAHAM BELL. The following extract from English and Amateur Mechanics for June 8 of this year, may be worth a place in N. & Q.' :— GRAHAM BELL'S NATIONALITY. In your issue dated December 2nd, 1927, under the heading "From all Quarters," there appears a paraTribute to Great Inventor," graph called which states that a monument has been erected Dr. at Cape Breton Island to Alexander Graham Bell, 66 a native of Cape Breton Island.” On reading the paragraph I was somewhat astonished, as I remember when, in the early 'seventies, Dr. Alxander Graham Bell left Scotland for America. Bell was born in Edinburgh (Scotland) in 1847, and was educated at the High School and University in that city, at University College, London, and in Germany I am sure you will rectify the misstatement about Dr. Alexander Graham Bell. The United Kingdom has produced a majority of the great inventors of CHANGING LONDON. The Shoeblack. Our leading photographic journal states that there used to be 1,500 of these in London, but now there are about 100, and they are diminishing in number each year. The Central Shoeblacks (red) originated in 1851, at the time of the Great Exhibition, and have since done good reformatory and public service. A coloured plate of one is in Living London' (Sims), iii, 257. East London members affected blue, Marylebone white, and King's Cross brown coats. These, and the street orderly brigade, should be photographed as records. J. ARDAGH. OUR R GRANDMOTHER'S SLANG.-Just as it is the custom to refer to days that are gone as the good old times," so it is the fashion to hold up the modes and manners of our grandmothers as a pattern of propriety. We are told that those dear old ladies would have raised their hands in horror, (or used them to cover their blushes) at the dress of the girls of this generation, and, when the blushes had faded away they would have stuffed their fingers in their ears to prevent them hearing the slang of the present day maiden. We are led to believe that this same slang is a new thing; that cultured ladies of a century ago were able to express themselves well in the best and purest English. Well! this week I have been reading Life in London,' by P. Egan, published in 1821 (a classic in contemporary slang), and I have come across the following, which will be rather a revelation to those who speak of to-day's decadence: A kind of cant phraseology is current from one end of the Metropolis to the other. Indeed, even in the time of Lord Chesterfield, he complained of it. In some females of the highest rank, it is as strongly marked, as in dingy draggle-tailed Sall the former in her dislikes tossing her head observes, it was shocking, quite a bore, beastly, stuff, etc., etc. The Duchess at an opera, informs the Countess of which occurred on the last evening with as much sang froid as Carrotty Poll mentions the lark to a Coster-monger she was engaged in . a row Norton-on-Tees. J. FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. Readers' Queries. FLEURS-DE-LIS IN THE ARMS OF THOMAS GUY.-A friend has recently given me a beautiful coloured lithograph of the late nineteenth century of the arms of Thomas Guy, the founder of Guy's Hospital. The shield bears a man's full face, thrice repeated, bearded, and crowned with an antique crown-and is supported by two angels. Above is a female figure nursing three little children; beneath is the motto: Dare quam accipere, and across the shield is a chevron with the three fleurs-de-lis of the royal family of France, and also, for many generations, of England. Below is the following description: These are the Arms, Crest, Supporters and motto belonging to the Hospital in the Parish of St. Thomas in Southwark; founded by Thomas Guy of the City of London, Esq. Witness my Hand. John Anstis Garter (King of Arms)." There is no date given, but on referring to the College of Arms, I am told that the arms were granted on the 21st day of May, 1725, to Thomas Guy's executors: this grant is not mentioned in 6 Anstis's Register of the Order of the Garter,' which was published in 1724. Now Thomas Guy was also a Governor of St. Thomas's Hospital, and the three fleursde-lis appear on the arms of that institution, but in a different manner, thus: On a chief, the Tudor rose between two fleurs-de-lis, below is the third much reduced in size, beneath is a cross. There is a family of the name of Guy at Oundle in Northants, but it has no connection with the founder of Guy's, as the crest is a lion's head between two wings expanded. Can any reader kindly tell me how it was that Thomas Guy was allowed to use the three fleurs-de-lis? The College of Arms is unable to do so, and I am much interested in the subject. S. J. ALDRICH. 74, Brownlow Road, N.11. THE TRAITEUR.-Can any correspondent tell me anything of this weekly paper striving to re-establish this pleasant mode of writing as a successor to the Tatler and the Spectator? Twenty numbers were projected, and No. 1 appeared Nov. 18, 1780. It was issued every Saturday until No. 20 of March 31, 1781, when the so-called first volume was completed. Is anything known of the author or authors? Cambridge. G. J. GRAY. NAMES OF FLOWERS. FOLK names recently used by children in Lincolnshire for the Earthnut or Pignut may be WIE VIEL SCHOENE ERINNERUNGEN KNOEPFEN VON BERGRIESEN UMKRAENZTE PONTRESINA NIEMALS GING ICH OHNE IN DER KLAREN SPROEDENHOEHENLUFT porridge.' The latter employed by one whose KRAEFTIGUNG FUER GEIST UND KOEKPER GEFUNDEN ZU family came from the North country. Are these names known elsewhere? HABEN. Can CONFEDERATE STATES' FLAGS. - Can any reader help towards the identification of the event depicted in the following picture? The subject is the bombardment of some forts defending a river-mouth with a town in the background; the banks of the river are flat and the bed of the river appears to be staked as though to indicate a channel between mudbanks. One of the forts is flying two flags, (1) a white flag bearing in the upper corner near the staff a red canton charged with a blue St. Andrew's cross; (2) a blue (or dark green) flag bearing a white tree; in the upper corner near the staff a white crescent, the points turned towards the staff. The bombardment is being carried out by a G. S. G. ᎡᎬ ESERVED RENTS IN 1800. In some leases which were in force in 1800 in the Borough of Woodstock, occur the following reserved rents to the mayor (1) two neats' tongues and an adder from the tenant of the Pyed Bull (public house, now the Grammar School); (2) a couple of rabbits from the tenant of the adjoining house; (3) a leg of mutton weighing eight pounds from the tenant of the New Angel (public house); (4) a rump of beef weighing twenty pounds from the tenant of the house now the Post Office; (5) a leg of pork from the tenant of the Kings Arms (public house); and (6) a couple of fat pullets PHILIP DAVEY.-De la Pryme, in a local history which he wrote about 1698 makes mention of Philip Davey as having carried out the reparation of the great church of Barton-upon-Humber on the grant of the Manor by Edward II to Henry Lord Beaumont in 1307. De la Pryme's statement is said to embody a respectable tradition and to be based upon Camden. Is anything known of Philip Davey, or of other churches built by him? Not often is it possible to recover even the names of the great architects of the Gothic period. Barton-on-Humber. ANCASTER AUTHORS. W. E. VARAH. LA Biographical details are sought of the following, who appear to have had some association with our county town : Joseph Benson, author of 'The Battle of Flodden Field in 1513: an heroic poem collected from Antient Manuscripts,' 8vo., wrapper. Lancaster, 1805. Dr. P. A. H. Mahon, 'An Essay on the signs of murder in new-born children,' translated by Christopher Johnson, surgeon, Lancaster. 8vo., cloth. Lancaster, 1813. Mary Wilson (of Lancaster). " 'Poems,' 8vo., cloth gilt. Manchester, 1844. Please reply direct. Oakrigg, Lancaster. T. CANN HUGHES, F.S.A. What proof is there that the families of Cheyne and Keynes originated from source? Both quite justly claim to have been one among the followers of William the Con- "AUT IV Ce seigneur, qui avait été chéri du roi Henri si admiré et si loué dans le temps de sa jeunesse, ne fut point regretté dans le nôtre. Il conservait encore quelques restes de sa beauté passée: il était civil, obligeant et plus souffrir. Ils disaient de lui qu'il n'était libéral; mais les jeunes gens ne le pouvaient plus à la mode, etc. the same condition of things in his own time. It was published in 1871, and apparently was compiled by A. Wyatt Edgell. There is no copy in the British Museum. Edgell published two books of poems in 1873 and 1877, which are in the British Museum Library. J. H. LESLIE, DICKSON FAMILY OF HESLINGTON, YORKS. I am anxious to trace the name of the parents, and earlier forbears, of three brothers, William, John and George Dickson, who left Scotland hurriedly at the end of the seventeenth or beginning of the eighteenth century. They fought for the King of England and obtained grants of land at Dunnington, Langwith, and Wheldrake, Heslington, in recognition of their bravery AUTHOR WANTED. I shall be grateful to and prowess. It is understood that they are buried in Heslington Churchyard. JAMES SETON-ANDERSON. Hon. Editor of the Journal of the Society of Army Historical Research. any reader who will help me to the name of the author of How like a winter hath your absence been." A. D. C. Replies. THE TRINITY SUNDAY (cliv. 441). а answer to A. D. T.'s question is bound up with the history of the feast. In the early Church no special office or day was assigned for the Holy Trinity. In the Roman calendar, and generally, it was and is the custom to call the Sundays between Pentecost and Advent, Sundays "after Pentecost. In some churches this period was formerly broken up, e.g., in Comes of Alcuin we find (1) Sundays after Pentecost (2) weeks after the feast of the Apostles (3) weeks after St. Lawrence, &c. Until a late date the First Sunday after Pentecost was dominica vacans without any special office of its own. It is so in the Gregorian Sacramentary, but in the later Frankish recension of that sacramentary we find a Mass of the Holy Trinity on this particular Sunday. The history of this feast is that of an occasional Mass and Office (what to-day is called "Votive") being gradually adopted by the whole Church. Stephen, Bishop of Liege, composed an officie of the Holy Trinity and established in his church a special feast of the Holy Trinity in 920. The feast became popular in the Netherlands, England, Germany and France. It was adopted by Germany at the Council of Selingenstadt in 1022, but the way for its general acceptance was prepared more particularly by the monastic orders-the Benedictines were celebrating the feast early in the eleventh century, the Cluniacs before 1090. An appeal to Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) to include the feast in the Roman calendar was refused on the ground that there was no more need to celebrate a special feast in honour of the Blessed Trinity than to celebrate one in honour of the Unity of God, especially as the Church daily paid special homage to the Blessed Trinity in all the functions of her liturgy. At the same time he did not forbid it in those places where it was celebrated. Meanwhile the feast gained ground. At first there was no uniformity in the date on which the feast was kept: in some places on the First Sunday after Pentecost, in others the Last Sunday after Pentecost, in others again on both dates. Finally, in 1334, Pope John XXII issued a decree wherein the of Rome accepted the feast, extended its observance to all the churches, and ordered it to be kept on the First Sunday after Pentecost. In England the feast was introduced by St. Thomas of Canterbury, who established it in his diocese in 1162, in memory of his consecration as Bishop on the First Sunday after Pentecost. A successor, the Franciscan John Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury (1278-1292) composed a new office for the feast. The institution of the feast did not alter the old enumeration of the Sundays after Pentecost in the Roman calendar, but in Germany, and a few other places, the custom arose to reckon the Sunday after Trinity. The Church of England adopted the latter method. In pre-Reformation England the method of calculating the Sundays between Pentecost and Advent was not uniform. The York Rite had “ Sundays after Pentecost the Sarum Rite " Sundays after Trinity.' RORY FLETCHER. : The observance of Trinity Season (counting the Sundays from Trinity Sunday, instead of from the preceding Sunday) is peculiarly English, and outside England, followed only by churches founded by English missionaries, notably by St. Boniface in Germany. When exactly the first Sunday after Pentecost came to be called Trinity Sunday cannot be determined. Gervase of Canterbury says that St. Thomas à Becket instituted this feast soon after his consecration to Canterbury in 1162; "but there can be little doubt it was in some English office books before that date. The general observance of the day as a separate Festival in honour of the Blessed Trinity was first enjoined by a Synod (Blunt's 'Annotated P. of Arles, 1260' Bk.') The Roman Church accepted it in 1305. W. ARTHUR WESTLEY. St. John's Vicarage, Oldham. The observance of this Feast was originally local, and we are told by Gervase of Canterbury' that it was introduced into England in 1162 by St. Thomas of Canterbury. It was made obligatory throughout the Western Church by Pope John XXII in 1334. In these islands it appears to have been "after Trinity usual to reckon Sundays or (post "after the Octave of Pentecost" octavas Pentecostes), while elsewhere in Europe the reckoning was post Pentecosten, so that the English numbering is lower than the continental by one: but a confusing trace of the other system is still occasionally found |