more than two-thirds of this amount, or 10 percent, shall be allowed for defects other than pith but not more than 4 percent shall be allowed for decay: Provided, That not more than one-half of this decay, or 2 percent, may be in the branches, or in an advanced stage in the roots. In addition, not more than 5 percent, by count, of the stalks in any lot may not meet the requirements relating to stalk length, and not more than 5 percent, shall be allowed for stalks having an average midrib length shorter than that specified.

Any

(3) U. S. Combination Grade. lot of celery may be designated "U. S. Combination" when not less than 60 percent, by count, of the stalks in each lot meet the requirements of U. S. No. 1 grade and the remainder U. S. No. 2 grade. Any lot of celery which meets all the requirements of this grade except as to blanching may be designated as “U. S. Combination Well Blanched" or "U. S. Combination Mixed Blanch:" Provided, That any lot of celery which has a medium to dark green appearance shall be designated as "U. S. Combination Green."

(i) In order to allow for variations other than lengths, incident to proper grading and handling, not more than 10 percent, by count, of the stalks in any lot may be below the requirements of U. S. No. 2 grade, but not more than two-fifths of this amount, or 4 percent, shall be allowed for decay: Provided, That not more than one-half of this decay, or 2 percent, may be in the branches, or in an advanced stage in the roots. In addition, not more than 5 percent, by count, of the stalks in any lot may not meet the requirements relating to stalk length and not more than 5 percent shall be allowed for stalks having an average midrib length shorter than that specified. No part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce, for the lot as a whole, the percentage of U. S. No. 1 required in the combination, but individual containers may have not more than 10 percent less than the percentage of U. S. No. 1 stalks required.

(4) U. S. No. 2 grade. U. S. No. 2 grade shall consist of stalks of celery of similar varietal characteristics which are fairly well developed, which are well trimmed and free from blackheart, decay (except dry type crater rot), and from serious damage caused by crater rot, brown stem, wilting, cutworms,

freezing, suckers, growth cracks, hollow crown, pithy branches, seedstems, dirt, doubles, disease, insects or mechanical or other means. Unless otherwise specified, stalks shall be fairly well blanched. However, any lot of celery which meets all the requirements of this grade except as to blanching may be designated as "U. S. No. 2 Well Blanched," or "U. S. No. 2 Mixed Blanch": Provided, Thát any lot of celery which has a medium to dark green appearance shall be designated as "U. S. No. 2 Green."

(i) Unless otherwise specified, the average midrib length of the outer whorl of branches on stalks in this grade shall be not less than 4 inches.

(ii) Unless otherwise specified in connection with the grade, stalks shall be of such length as to extend from one side of the container to within 11⁄2 inches of the opposite side when packed in accordance with the usual commercial practice. Such measurements shall not include the bulge. When stalks fail to meet such requirements, the length shall be specified in terms of even inches only, as "U. S. No. 2-14 inches" or "U. S. No. 2-18 inches," etc., in accordance with the facts.

(iii) In order to allow for variations other than lengths, incident to proper grading and handling, not more than 10 percent, by count, of the stalks in any lot may be below the requirements of this grade, but not more than two-fifths of this amount, or 4 percent, shall be allowed for decay: Provided, That not more than one-half of this decay, or 2 percent, may be in the branches or in an advanced stage in the roots. In addition, not more than 5 percent, by count, of the stalks in any lot may not meet the requirements relating to stalk length and not more than 5 percent shall be allowed for stalks having an average midrib length shorter than that specified.

(b) Unclassified. Unclassified shall consist of stalks of celery which have not been classified in accordance with any of the foregoing grades. The term "unclassified" is not a grade within the meaning of these standards but is provided as a designation to show that no definite grade has been applied to the lot.

(c) Requirements as to count. The number of stalks in the container shall be specified by numerical count or in terms of dozens or half dozens. Vari

ations from the number specified shall be allowed as follows: Provided, That the lot averages not more than 1 stalk less than the number specified.

Less than 50 stalks------ 3 stalk variation. 50 to 70 stalks, incl------ 4 stalk variation. More than 70 stalks------- 5 stalk variation.

(d) Application of tolerances. (1) Thecontents of individual containers in the lot, based on sample inspection, are subject to the following limitations, provided the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified:

(2) When a tolerance is 10 percent or more, individual containers in any lot shall have not more than one and onehalf times the tolerance specified, except that at least one defective and one offsized specimen may be permitted in any container.

(3) When a tolerance is less than 10 percent, individual containers in any lot shall have not more than double the tolerance specified, except that at least one defective and one off-sized specimen may be permitted in any container.

(e) Definitions. (1) "Stalk" means an individual plant.

(2) "Similar varietal characteristics" means that the stalks in any container have the same color and character of growth. For example, celery of Giant Pascal and Golden Self Blanching types must not be mixed.

(3) "Well developed" means that the outer branches are of good width in relation to the length of midribs and type of celery.

(4) "Good heart formation" means that the stalk has a reasonable number of stocky inner heart branches that are not longer than one-half the over-all length of the stalk.

(5) "Clean" means that the stalk is practically free from dirt or other foreign materials. Stalks shall be permitted to have a small amount of dirt on the inside of the branches or in the heart branches which cannot be removed by good commercial methods of washing. All celery which is washed may not be sufficiently free from dirt or other foreign materials to be considered clean, while other lots which have not been washed may meet this requirement.

(6) "Well trimmed" means that the outside coarse and damaged branches have been removed and the root or roots have been so trimmed that the remaining portion of the root or roots does not ex

tend a distance of more than 3 inches below the point of attachment of the outer branches. The actual length of the root or roots shall not be measured but the distance through which they extend below the base of the branches shall be measured when the stalk is resting in an upright position on a solid surface.

(7) "Fairly compact" means that the branches are fairly close together on the stalk.

(8) "Damage" means any injury or defect which materially affects the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality. Any one of the following defects, or any combination of defects, the seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as damage:

(1) Crater rot, when moist or occurring on more than 2 branches, or when aggregating more than two-thirds of a square inch on the branch or branches.

(ii) Cutworms, when the worms are present, or when worm injury occurs on the heart branches, or when occurring on the midrib portion of more than two branches, or when aggregating more than two-thirds of a square inch on the midrib portion of the branch or branches.

(iii) Growth cracks, when the stalk has more than two branches affected by growth cracks each of which is more than one-half inch long. Growth cracks of any length affecting not more than two branches shall be permitted.

(iv) Pithy branches, when the midribs of more than two branches are pithy. Pithy branches means those which have a distinctly open texture with air spaces in the central portion.

(v) Seedstems, when the stalk has a seedstem the length of which is more than one and one-half times the greatest diameter of the stalk. The greatest diameter of the stalk shall be measured at a point 2 inches above the point of attachment of the outer branches to the root. The length of the seedstems shall be measured from the point of attachment of the outer branches at the base of the seedstem to the top of the actual seedstem, exclusive of any leaves or leaf stems attached to the top of the seedstem.

(vi) Dirt, when the stalk is caked with dirt.

(vii) Doubles, when not separated and the appearance is seriously affected, or if separated and either of the stalks

is badly curved, or when the heart branches are not fairly well protected.

(9) "Fairly well blanched" means that the midrib portions of the branches on the stalks are generally of a light greenish to creamy white color.

(10) "Well blanched" means that the midrib portions of the branches on the stalks are generally of a creamy white color.

(11) "Midrib length" of a branch means the distance between the point of attachment to the root and the first node.

(12) "Length of stalk" means the distance from where the main root is cut off to a point which represents the average length of the longest branches and leaves.

(13) "Fairly well developed" means that the outer branches are not spindly or abnormally short and thin.

(14) "Fairly good heart formation" means that the inner heart branches are of reasonable number, length, and stockiness.

(15) "Serious damage" means any injury or defect which severely affects the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality. Any one of the following defects, or any combination of defects, the seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as serious damage:

(i) Crater rot, when moist or occurring on more than 3 branches, or when aggregating more than one square inch on the branch or branches.

(ii) Cutworms, when the worms are present, or when worm injury occurs on the heart branches, or when occurring on the midrib portion of more than three branches, or when aggregating more than one square inch on the midrib portion of the branch or branches.

(iii) Growth cracks, when the stalk has more than four branches affected by growth cracks each of which is more than 1⁄2 inch long.

(iv) Pithy branches, when the midribs of more than four branches are pithy, or when the midribs of more than onehalf of the outer branches (other than heart branches) are pithy. Pithy branches means those which have a distinctly open texture with air spaces in the central portion.

(v) Seedstems, when the stalk has a seedstem the length of which is more

than 3 times the greatest diameter of the stalk. The greatest diameter of the stalk shall be measured at a point 2 inches above the point of attachment of the outer branches to the root. The length of the seedstem shall be measured from the point of attachment of the outer branches at the base of the seedstem to the top of the actual seedstem, exclusive of any leaves or leafstems attached to the top of the seedstem.

(vi) Dirt, when the stalk is badly caked with dirt.

heart

(vii) Doubles, when the branches are not fairly well protected. [11 F. R. 13565]

§ 51.191 Grapefruit—(a) General. (1) These standards do not apply to California and Arizona grapefruit for which separate U. S. Standards are issued. The U. S. Combination and the U. S. Combination Russet grades do not apply to Florida grapefruit.

(2) The tolerances for the standards are on a container basis. However, individual packages in any lot may vary from the specified tolerances as stated below, provided the averages for the entire lot, based on sample inspection, are within the tolerances specified.

(3) For packages which contain more than 10 pounds and a tolerance of 10 percent or more is provided, individual packages in any lot shall have not more than one and one-half times the tolerance specified. For packages which contain more than 10 pounds and a tolerance of less than 10 percent is provided, individual packages in any lot shall have not more than double the tolerance specified except that at least one decayed or very seriously damaged fruit may be permitted in any package.

(4) For packages which contain 10 pounds or less, individual packages in any lot are not restricted as to the percentage of defects except that not more than one fruit which is decayed or very seriously damaged shall be allowed in any package.

(b) Grades (1) U. S. Fancy. U. S. Fancy shall consist of grapefruit of similar varietal characteristics which are well colored, firm, well formed, mature, and of smooth texture; free from ammoniation, bird pecks, bruises, buckskin, cuts which are not healed, decay, growth cracks, scab, sprayburn, and from injury by green spots or oil spots, pitting, scale, scars, thorn scratches, and from damage

caused by dirt or other foreign materials, dryness or mushy condition, sprouting, sunburn, disease, insects, or mechanical or other means.

In this grade not more than one-tenth of the surface in the aggregate may be affected with discoloration. (See tolerances, paragraph (d) of this section.)

(2) U. S. No. 1. U. S. No. 1 shall consist of grapefruit of similar varietal characteristics which are fairly well colored, firm, fairly well formed, mature, and of fairly smooth texture; free from bruises, cuts which are not healed, decay, growth cracks, sprayburn, and from damage caused by ammoniation, bird pecks, buckskin, dirt or other foreign materials, dryness or mushy condition, green spots or oil spots, pitting, scab, scale, scars, thorn sprouting, sunburn, scratches, disease, insects or mechanical or other means.

In this grade not more than one-half of the surface in the aggregate may be affected with discoloration. (See tolerances, paragraph (d) of this section.)

(3) U. S. No. 1 Bright. The requirements for this grade are the same as for U. S. No. 1 except that no fruit may have more than one-tenth of its surface in the aggregate affected with discoloration. (See tolerances, paragraph (d) of this section.)

(4) U. S. No. 1 Golden. The requirements for this grade are the same as for U. S. No. 1 except that not more than 30 percent, by count, of the fruits shall have in excess of one-third of the surface in the aggregate affected with discoloration. (See tolerances, paragraph (d) of this section.)

(5) U. S. No. 1 Bronze. The requirements for this grade are the same as for U. S. No. 1 except that more than 30 percent but not more than 75 percent, by count, of the fruits shall have in excess of one-third of the surface in the aggregate affected with discoloration: Provided, That when the predominating discoloration on each of 75 percent or more, by count, of the fruits is caused by rust mite, all fruits may have in excess of one-third of the surface affected with discoloration. (See tolerances, paragraph (d) of this section.)

(6) U. S. No. 1 Russet. The requirements for this grade are the same as for U. S. No. 1 except that more than 75 percent, by count, of the fruits shall have in excess of one-third of the surface in the aggregate affected with dis

coloration. (See tolerances, paragraph (d) of this section.)

(7) U. S. No. 2. U. S. No. 2 shall consist of grapefruit of similar varietal characteristics, which are mature, fairly firm, not more than slightly misshapen or slightly rough, and which are free from bruises, cuts which are not healed, decay, growth cracks, and are free from serious damage caused by ammoniation, bird pecks, buckskin, dirt or other foreign materials, dryness or mushy condition, green spots or oil spots, pitting, scab, scale, scars, sprayburn, sprouting, sunburn, thorn scratches, disease, insects, mechanical or other means.

(i) Each grapefruit may be only slightly colored.

(ii) Not more than two-thirds of the surface in the aggregate, may be affected with discoloration. (See tolerances, paragraph (d) of this section.)

(8) U. S. No. 2 Bright. The requirements for this grade are the same as for U. S. No. 2 except that no fruit may have more than one-tenth of its surface in the aggregate affected with discoloration. (See tolerances, paragraph (d) of this section.)

(9) U. S. No. 2 Russet. The requirements for this grade are the same as for U. S. No. 2 except that more than 10 percent, by count, of the fruits shall have in excess of two-thirds of the surface in the aggregate affected with discoloration. (See tolerances, paragraph (d) of this section.)

(10) U. S. Combination Grade. Any lot of grapefruit may be designated "U. S. Combination" when not less than 40 percent, by count, of the fruits in each container meet the requirements of U. S. No. 1 grade and the remainder U. S. No. 2 grade. (See tolerances, paragraph (d) of this section.)

(11) U. S. Combination Russet Grade. Any lot of grapefruit may be designated "U. S. Combination Russet" when not less than 40 percent, by count, of the fruits in each container meet the requirements of U. S. No. 1 grade and the remainder U. S. No. 2 grade except that in this combination grade each fruit shall have in excess of one-third of the surface in the aggregate affected with discoloration. (See tolerances, paragraph (d) of this section.)

(c) Unclassified shall consist of grapefruit which have not been classified in accordance with any of the foregoing

grades. The term "unclassified" is not a grade within the meaning of these standards but is provided as a designation to show that no definite grade has been applied to the lot.

(d) Tolerances. In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling in each of the foregoing grades, the following tolerances are provided as specified:

(1) U. S. Fancy. Not more than 10 percent, by count, of the fruits in any container may be below the requirements of this grade, but not more than onehalf of this tolerance, or 5 percent, shall be allowed for very serious damage, and not more than one-twentieth of the tolerance, or one-half of one percent, shall be allowed for decay at shipping point: Provided, That a total tolerance of not more than 3 percent shall be allowed for decay en route or at destination. None of the foregoing tolerances shall apply to wormy fruit.

(2) U. S. No. 1, U. S. No. 1 Bright, U. S. No. 2 Bright Grades. Not more than 10 percent, by count, of the fruits in any container may be below the requirements of the grade other than for discoloration but not more than onehalf of this tolerance, or 5 percent, shall be allowed for very serious damage, and not more than one-twentieth of the tolerance, or one-half of one percent, shall be allowed for decay at shipping point; Provided, That a total tolerance of not more than 3 percent shall be allowed for decay en route or at destination. In addition, not more than 10 percent, by count, of the fruits in any container may not meet the requirements relating to discoloration. None of the foregoing tolerances shall apply to wormy fruit.

(3) U. S. No. 1 Golden and U. S. No. 1 Bronze Grades. Not more than 10 percent, by count, of the fruits in any container may be below the requirements of the grade, but not more than one-half of this tolerance, or 5 percent, shall be allowed for very serious damage, and not more than one-twentieth of the tolerance, or one-half of one percent, shall be allowed for decay at shipping point: Provided, That a total tolerance of not more than 3 percent shall be allowed for decay en route or at destination. No part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce or to increase the percentage of fruits having in excess of one-third of the surface in the aggregate affected with discoloration which is required in the

grade, but individual containers may vary not more than 10 percent from the percentage required: Provided, That the entire lot averages within the percentage specified. None of the foregoing tolerances shall apply to wormy fruit.

(4) U. S. No. 1 Russet Grade. Not more than 10 percent, by count, of the fruits in any container may be below the requirements of the grade but not more than one-half of this tolerance, or 5 percent, shall be allowed for very serious damage, and not more than one-twentieth of the tolerance, or one-half of one percent, shall be allowed for decay at shipping point: Provided, That a total tolerance of not more than 3 percent shall be allowed for decay en route or at destination. No part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce the percentage of fruits having in excess of one-third of the surface in the aggregate affected with discoloration which is required in this grade, but individual containers may have not more than 10 percent less than the percentage required: Provided, That the entire lot averages within the percentage specified. None of the foregoing tolerances shall apply to wormy fruit.

(5) U. S. No. 2. Not more than 10 percent, by count, of the fruits in any container may be below the requirements of this grade other than for discoloration but not more than one-half of this tolerance, or 5 percent, shall be allowed for very serious damage other than by dryness or mushy condition, and not more than one-twentieth of the tolerance, or one-half of one percent, shall be allowed for decay at shipping point: Provided, That a total tolerance of not more than 3 percent shall be allowed for decay en route or at destination. In addition, not more than 10 percent, by count, of the fruits in any container may not meet the requirements relating to discoloration. None of the foregoing tolerances shall apply to wormy fruit.

(6) U.S. No. 2 Russet Grade. Not more than 10 percent, by count, of the fruits in any container may be below the requirements of this grade but not more than one-half of this tolerance, or 5 percent, shall be allowed for very serious damage other than by dryness or mushy condition, and not more than one-twentieth of the tolerance, or one-half of one percent, shall be allowed for decay at shipping point: Provided, That a total tolerance of not more than 3 percent shall be allowed for decay en route or at