it from attack, must have lessened the little light which it had previously obtained.

Off the north-east turret stairs are various doorways, and the corbels in the outer side of the hall wall, and the large doors from the crypt and hall, indicate that there were buildings here. There are also traces of other buildings further out; and while I cannot say definitely what they were, I suggest that there was a withdrawingroom here, and that the buildings extended from it to the south-east tower, where the farm barn is, thus completing the inner courtyard. There is a trace of a foundation wall running out from the remains furthest north-east, and it seems as if the moat may have ended here, which would still further increase the probability of there being buildings here to protect this, the weakest side of the Manor House.

Returning to the entrance porch, we see opposite a fine doorway, which led to what is known as "the portal," and at the far side of it there is a very fine archway. Off the portico is an entrance to what are known as the State apartments, and another entrance from which access is obtained to a circular stair, which leads to the level of the crypt, and also ascends to the upper portions of the building.

The buildings known as the State apartments had many uses allotted to them. I do not know that I can give you a totally satisfactory answer as to what those were, as the windows looking over the kitchen court are very puzzling. In the basement, there appears to have been a cellar, for use in connection with the buttery, and another which was used as a larder. The remains of the foundation wall indicate the division between the two.

On the ground floor, approached out of the hall by the smaller doorway of the three, and facing into the inner courtyard, was the pantry. The large door in the centre formed the approach to the buttery and the kitchens; and doubtless the passage was screened off on each side: as, at the further end over the archway, against the stairs approaching the buttery-hatch, there is the equivalent of a modern fanlight.

The third doorway led first to some steps which descended to the crypt; and here there is a break in the wall, extending to the next floor, and opposite are three windows, which appear to have belonged to this storey. The lower one of the three is more plainly worked on the outside than the other two. The wall above having disappeared does not make it any easier to decide what was the object of this arrangement. It may have been a staircase, to approach the next floor.

On the first floor, the portion of the building facing the inner courtyard appears to have been one storey of considerable height; and judging from the richness of the window, and the small rose window over it, it appears probable that this was used as the domestic chapel of the Manor House. The portion facing the terrace, and entered from over the portal, would be one of the private apartments, and over it would be another apartment, which the angle entrance shows was connected with the room to the west of it, which was again approached from one of the turrets. Whether these rooms had any opening into the chapel, as is sometimes the case, there is no evidence now to show.

Proceeding down the steps towards the kitchens, we pass the buttery, from which access was obtained to the cellars, and on the opposite side to which is a large fireplace. There is a wall against the steps, and traces of mortar, as though used for pointing a roof on the outer wall of the kitchen above it. Nevertheless, I am inclined to think that this little court, and generally the portion where the fireplace is, was without a roof; and that the approach from the kitchens, whilst having a roof, was more or less open like a cloister arcade, so as to give light and air to the buttery-hatches, etc. The kitchen beyond, with its various ovens and the accessories, are on a scale worthy of the rest of the building. The kitchen appears to have been one storey in height, with ample light and ventilation in the upper part. At one end of it is the scullery, with a door leading through the outer wall, and another leading into a small courtyard at the opposite end. The buttery is approached from the kitchen, and there is access from it both to the inner

courtyard and the cellars under the State apartments. From the kitchen, up a flight of steps, the inner courtyard is also reached, and adjoining are the buildings in which Mary Queen of Scots is said to have spent the portion of her captivity passed at Winfield. It is recorded that those who remembered this portion of the building said that it was the finest portion. There is little now save the outer wall, with its fireplaces and windows, and traces of the inner wall. This shows two bays, which appear to have been the cause of much speculation: as Edmund Henry Ferrey, who wrote a monologue on Winfield Manor, in 1870, together with careful measurements of the building, and to whose plan I am indebted for the diagram on which I have pointed out the various arrangements, on excavating found two square jambs. I do not think this need have been the cause of much difficulty, as it would be a very natural arrangement for a doorway to have been formed opposite to the stairs leading to the kitchen for the service of this suite of apartments. Mary Queen of Scots, as we know, was kept in fairly strict confinement; and it is recorded that when Queen Elizabeth asked the Earl of Shrewsbury's son about her, he replied he had not seen her for five years; and as she appears to have had a considerable staff of attendants, including cooks, it would be only natural for ready access to be afforded from the servants' portion to the rooms which she occupied.

Beyond the building, in the south-west angle of the inner court, is the entrance to the tower, together with another similar tower previously referred to as protecting the inner gateway, which is said to have been in the south-east angle. Between this and the gatehouse has been a two-storey building, of which the chimneys and walls remain standing. In this, adjoining the gatehouse, is the porter's room. No doubt the buildings between the south-east tower and the gatehouse would be of a somewhat similar nature. Out of these a modern farmhouse had been formed, and various square - headed windows have been broken out.

On the west side of the inner courtyard it is said that there were no buildings, and the remains beyond the

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great hall do not seem to have attracted much attention. I do not agree with this opinion for the reasons I have already mentioned, viz., the remains visible and the need of defence here.

Passing to the outer quadrangle, we notice the fine chimneys in the buildings on the north side.

On the east side are the remains of what is known as the Guards' Chamber. This name was probably given it during the siege at the time of the Commonwealth. At the south-west corner is an entrance gateway, with a large and a small arch, and porter's lodge and guard room at the sides of it. Beyond this, at the outer southeast corner, is an ancient barn with a fine timber roof, the posts being carried down to the ground-level. On the remainder of the south side are traces of buildings of a similar width; on the west side there are traces of a building. These were most likely used as stables and servants' quarters; and no doubt on the west side there would be a postern to give access to the earthworks outside, traces of which remain. The field in which they are retains the name of " the bulwarks."

The water supply to the Manor House appears to have been originally through pipes, as we learn that they were cut during the siege at the time of the Commonwealth, when a well was sunk in the inner courtyard.

(Read at the Shefield Congress, August 13th, 1903.)

CANNOT omit to preface a short sketch of the history of this building with an expression of regret that the Association has been deprived, by the death of Dr. Gatty at the beginning of the present year, of the pleasure of being welcomed. by one whose affection for this church was equalled only by his knowledge of its every detail. The present Perpendicular structure occupies the site of an older church or churches. Dr. Gatty was almost pathetically anxious to establish the fact of a Saxon edifice having stood here: but there is not the slightest trace of this. There is no mention of a church at Ecclesfield in Domesday Book, nor have any remains of a Norman church been found, although there is substantial ground for the belief that one of the De Lovetots (temp. Henry I), cotemporaneously with the foundation of the church at Sheffield and the monastery at Worksop, built a church here. Dr. Gatty speaks of some traces of Early English work about the piers of the tower; but more definite is the Early English shaft or column attached to the west end of the nave, and fragmentary mouldings of Early English windows have been found from time to time during alterations. The De Lovetot of the period bestowed lands and the church on the Abbey of St. Wandrille, Fontenelle, in the diocese of Rouen, Normandy; and towards the end of the twelfth century a priory or cell was erected here, and a small colony of brethren placed in charge. In course of time dissensions