tractats of the Medrashim (college periodicals). Besides that vast literature, which deals with every imaginable branch of science, there were bocks and booklets, written at the time of the second Temple, of which all have been lost and only their authors are mentioned in the Talmuds, as "Megilath Chasidim" (book of the pious), probably the Talmud of the Essenes.

The book of Tiglath ben Lana, which the Talmud places among the Apocrypha (I believe the name of the author was only a pseudonym for one of the Apostles), "Megilath Setarim" (the Roll of the Mysteries), probably a cabalistic code, “Yegiloth Jachsin" (the Roll of Genealogy), a book which was written in the style of the Biblical Chronicle, and from which the Palestinians refused to teach the Babylonians. The Apocrypha is another classical work of the time of the second Temple, whose authors tried to imitate the style and method of writing of the primitive authors of the Bible.

CHAPTER XLVII.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF

EDUCATION.

[From 1867 to 1895.]

1. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Education, 1867-68. Barnard. 8°. pp. xl+856.

2. Special Report of the Commissioner of Education on the condition and improvement of public schools in the District of Columbia. Barnard. 8°. pp. 912. Washington, 1871. (eprinted as Barnard's Am. Jour. of Education, vol. 19.)

3. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Education for the year 1870. Eaton. 8°. pp. 579. Washington, 1870.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10. 11.

12. 13. 14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

pp. lxxxviii+1018. Washington, 1873.
pp. clxxviii+870. Washington, 1874.
pp. clii +935. Washington, 1875.
pp. clxxiii+1016. Washington, 1876.
pp. ccxiii+942. Washington, 1878.
pp. ccvi+641. Washington, 1879.
pp. cci+730. Washington, 1880.
pp. ccxxx+757. Washington, 1881.
pp. celxii+914. Washington, 1882.
pp. cclxxvii+840. Washington, 1883.
1882-83. Eaton. 8°. pp. ccxciii+872. Washington, 1884.
1883-84. Eaton. 8°. pp. cclxxi+943. Washington, 1885.
1884-85. Eaton-Dawson. 8°. pp. cccxvii +848. Washington, 1886.
1885-86. Dawson. 8°. pp. xxi 792. Washington, 1887.

21. Illiteracy, derived from census tables of 1860; Educational statistics, translation of article by Dr. A. Ficker; Virchow on schoolroom diseases; Education of French and Prussian conscripts; School organization, etc. pp. 70. (Circ. inf. August, 1870.)

22. Public instruction in Sweden and Norway; The "folkehoiskoler" of Denmark. By C. C. Andrews. pp. 48. (Circ. inf. July, 1871.)

23. Methods of school discipline. By Hiram Orcutt. pp. 14. (Circ. inf. November, 1871.

24. Compulsory education. By L. Van Bokkelen. pp. 17. (Circ. inf. December, 1871.)

25. German and other foreign universities. By Herman Jacobson. pp. 43. (Circ. inf. January, 1872.) 26. Public instruction in Greece, the Argentine Republic, Chile, and Ecuador; Statistics respecting Portugal and Japan; Technical education in Italy. By John M. Francis, George John Ryan, F. M. Tanaka. pp. 77. (Circ. inf. February, 1882.)

27. Vital statistics of college graduates; Distribution of college students in 1870-71; Vital statistics in the United States, with diagrams. By Charles Warren. pp. 93. (Circ. inf. March, 1872.) 28. Relation of education to labor. By Richard J. Hinton. pp. 125. (Circ. inf. April, 1872.) 29. Education in the British West Indies. By Thomas H. Pearne. pp. 22. (Circ. inf. June, 1872.) 30. The Kindergarten. By Baroness Marenholtz-Bülow, tr. by Elizabeth P. Peabody. pp. 62. (Circ. inf. July, 1872.)

31. American education at the Vienna Exposition of 1873. pp. 79. (Circ. inf. November, 1872.) 32. Historical summary and reports on the systems of public instruction in Spain, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Portugal. pp. 66. (Circ. inf. 1, 1873.)

33. Schools in British India. By Joseph Warren. pp. 30. (Circ. inf. 2, 1873.)

34. College commencements for the summer of 1873, in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachu setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. pp. 118. (Circ. inf. 3, 1873.)

35. List of publications by members of certain college faculties and learned societies in the United States, 1867-1872. pp. 72. (Circ. inf. 4, 1873.)

36. College commencements during 1873 in the Western and Southern States. pp. 155. (Circ. inf. 5, 1873.)

37. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association, Washington, D. C. (1874). pp. 77. (Circ. inf. 1, 1874.)

Partial contents: Uniform plan and form for publishing the principal statistical tables on education, by George J. Lucky; Scientific and industrial education and the true policy of the National and State Government in regard to it, by Hon. A. D. White; The International Centennial Exposition as a world-wide educator, by W. D. Kelley; Report by the committee on the relations of the General Government to education in the District of Columbia. 38. Drawing in public schools; present relation of art to education in the United States. By Isaar Edwards Clarke. pp. 56. (Circ. inf. 2, 1874.)

39. History of secondary instruction in Germany. By Herman Jacobson. pp. 87. (Circ. inf. 3, 1874.) 40. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association, Washington, D. C. (1875). pp. 114. (Circ. inf. 1, 1875.)

Partial contents: The legal prevention of illiteracy, by B. G. Northrop; Brain culture in relation to the schoolroom, by A. N. Bell; The origin of the alphabet, by Prof. J. Enthoffer; American education at the Centennial Exposition, by J. P. Wickersham; Can the elements of industrial education be introduced into our common schools? by John D. Philbrick Industrial drawing in public schools, by Prof. Walter Smith.

By Emile de Laveleye, M. de

41. Education in Japan. By William E. Griffis. pp. 64. (Circ. inf. 2, 1875.) 42. Public instruction in Belgium, Russia, Turkey, Servia, and Egypt. Salve, V. E. Dor. pp. 108. (Circ. inf. 3, 1875.)

(Circ. inf. 4, 1875

43. Waste of labor in the work of education. By Paul A. Chadburne. pp. 16. 44. Educational exhibit at the International Centennial Exhibition, 1876. pp. 26. (Circ. inf. 5, 1875.)

45. Reformatory, charitable, and industrial schools for the young. By Julia A. Holmes and S. A. Martha Canfield. pp. 208. (Circ. inf. 6, 1875.)

46. Constitutional provisions in regard to education in the several States. By Franklin Hough. pp. 130. (Circ. inf. 7, 1875.)

Centennial Exhibition. By A. J. Rickoff.
(Circ. inf. 8, 1875.)
(Circ. inf. 1, 1877.)

47. Schedule for the preparation of students' work for the J. L. Pickard, James H. Smart (committee). pp. 15. 48. Education in China. By William A. P. Martin. pp. 28. 49. Public instruction in Finland, the Netherlands, Denmark, Würtemberg, and Portugal; the University of Leipzig. By Felix Heikel, C. H. Pluggé, and J. L. Corning. pp. 77. (Circ, inf. 2, 1877.)

50. Training of teachers in Germany. pp. 36. (Circ. inf. 1, 1878.)

51. Elementary education in London, with address of Sir Charles Reed. pp. 21. (Circ. inf. 2, 1878.) 52. Training schools for nurses. By S. A. Martha Canfield. pp. 21. (Circ. inf. 1, 1879.)

53. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association, 1877 and 1879, Washington, D. C.; Proceedings of the conference of college presidents and delegates, Columbus, Ohio, December, 1877. pp. 192. (Cir. inf. 2, 1879.)

cation.

Partial contents: Proceedings of 1877: The school organization of a State; National aid to eda-
What has been done by the General Government in aid of education, by John
Eaton; General appropriation of public lands; Proceeds of sales of public lands; Disposi
tion of surplus revenue by States; American education, by George B. Loving; The high
school question, by James H. Smart.

Partial contents: Proceedings of 1879: Popular education in Switzerland, by John Hitz; Pop
ular education in France, by E. C. Wines; Technical education, by E. A. Apgar; Kindergar
ten training, by Louise Pollock; Education in the South, by G. J. Orr; The needs of the United
States Bureau of Education; Instruction in governmental ideas, by Wm. Strong; Technical
education and industrial drawing, by Walter Smith; Education at the Paris Exposition,
by John D. Philbrick; What has been done by the National Government in aid of educa
tion, by John Eaton; American education, by George B. Loving; The high school question,
by James H. Smart; Collegiate degrees, by John M. Gregory.
Partial contents: Proceedings of the conference of the presidents and other delegates of the
State universities and State colleges of Ohio for 1877: Collegiate degrees, by J. M. Gregory;
Scientific studies and courses of study; Report on the military system in State colleges, by
Edward Orton.

54. Value of common school education to common labor. (Reprinted from Annual Report, 1872.) pp. 37. (Circ. inf. 3, 1879.)

55. Training schools for cookery. By S. A. Martha Canfield. pp. 49. (Circ. inf. 4, 1879.)

56. American education as described by the French commission to the International Exhibition of 1876. By Ferdinand Buisson and others. pp. 37. (Circ. inf. 5, 1879.)

57. College libraries as aids to instruction. By Justin Winsor and Otis H. Robinson. pp. 27. (Circ. inf. 1. 1880.)

58. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association, Washington, D. C., 1880. pp. 112. (Circ. inf. 2, 1880.)

Partial contents: Bell's system of visible speech, by L. A. Butterfield; Education of dependent children, by C. D. Randall; Best system of schools for a State, by J. H. Smart; University education, by David C. Gilman; Technical education in its relations to elementary schools, by J. D. Philbrick; Technological museums, by J. D. Philbrick; The Tenth Census from an educational point of view, by W. T. Harris; Discussion of the high school question, by J. W. Dickinson, W. T. Harris, J. P. Wickersham; Congress and the education of the people, by W. H. Ruffner; Laws relating to the State public school for dependent children at Coldwater, Michigan. Outline of the school systems of the various States. 59. Legal rights of children. By S. M. Wilcox. (Circ. inf. 3, 1880.) 60. Rural school architecture. By T. M. Clark. 61. English rural schools. By Henry W. Hulbert. pp. 26. 62. Instruction in chemistry and physics in the United inf. 6, 1880.)

pp. 96.
pp. 106.

(Circ. inf. 4, 1880.)
(Circ. inf. 5, 1880.)

States. By F. W. Clarke. pp. 219. (Circ.

63. The spelling reform. By Francis A. March. pp. 36. (Circ. inf. 7, 1880.)

64. Construction of library buildings. By William F. Poole. pp. 26. (Circ. inf. 1, 1881.)

65. Relation of education to industry and technical training in American schools. By E. E. White. pp. 22. (Circ. inf. 2, 1881.)

66. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association, New York, 1881, pp. 79. (Circ. inf. 3, 1881.)

Partial contents: Uniformity of school statistics, by Andrew McMillan; The conservation of
pedagogic energy, by C. O. Thompson; Our schools and our forests, by Franklin B. Hough;
Museums illustrative of education, by John Eaton; Education and the State, by J. W.
Patterson.

67. Education in France. pp. 144. (Circ. inf. 4, 1881.)

68. Causes of deafness among school children, and the instruction of children with impaired hearing. By Samuel Sexton. pp. 47. (Circ. inf. 5, 1881 )

(Circ. inf. 6, 1881.)
By S. A. Martha Canfield.

69. Effects of student life on the eyesight. By A. W. Calhoun. pp. 29. 70. Inception, organization, and management of training schools for nurses. pp. 28. (Circ. inf. 1, 1882.) 71. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association, Washington, 1882. pp. 112. (Circ. inf. 2, 1882.)

Partial contents: Information necessary to determine the merits of the heating and ventilation of a school building, by John S. Billings, U. S. A.; The chemical examination of air as applied to questions of ventilation, by Dr. Charles Smart, U. S. A.; Obstacles in the way of better primary education, by H. Jones; Chairs of pedagogy in our higher institutions of learning, by G. Stanley Hall; National aid to education, from a Northern standpoint, by Dexter H. Hawkins; Education in Alaska, by Sheldon Jackson; Resolution respecting a national appropriation for education in Alaska; Some fundamental inquiries concerning the common-school studies, by John M. Gregory; How to improve the qualifications of teachers, by W. T. Harris.

(Circ. inf. 3, 1882.) (Circ. inf. 4, 1882.)

72. University of Bonn. By Edmond Dreyfus-Brisac. pp. 67. 73. Industrial art in schools. By Charles G. Leland. pp. 37. 74. Maternal schools in France. pp. 14. (Circ. inf. 5, 1882.) 75. Technical instruction in France. pp. 63. (Circ. inf. 6, 1882.) 76. Legal provisions respecting the examination and licensing of teachers. pp. 46. (Circ. inf. 1, 1883.) 77. Coeducation of the sexes in the public schools of the United States. pp. 30. (Circ. inf. 2, 1883.) 78. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association, Washington, D. C., 1883. pp. 81. (Circ. inf. 3, 1883.)

Partial contents: Natural history in public schools, its utility and practicability as illustrated by
the methods adopted in New York City, by Albert S. Bickmore; Communication respecting
industrial education, by Chas. G. Leland; The educational lessons of the census, by Wm. T.
Harris: If universal suffrage, then universal education, by Atticus G. Haygood; Constitu-
tionality of national aid to education, by Wm. Lawrence; Indian education, by B. G. North-
rop, S. C. Armstrong, Alice C. Fletcher; School supervision: How and by whom the fitness
of pupils for promotion is determined, by C. G. Edwards and others.

79. Recent school-law decisions. By Lyndon A. Smith. pp. 82. (Circ. inf. 4, 1883.)
80. Meeting of the International Prison Congress at Rome. pp. 11. (Circ. inf. 1, 1884.)

81. The teaching, practice, and literature of shorthand. (Second and enlarged edition.) By Julius E. Rockwell. pp. 184. (Circ. inf. 2, 1884.)

82. Illiteracy in the United States. With appendix on national aid to education. By Charles Warren and J. L. M. Curry. pp. 99. (Circ. inf. 3, 1884.)

83. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association, Washington, D. C., 1884. pp. 176. (Circ. inf. 4, 1884.)

Partial contents: Supervision of public schools, by John W. Holcombe; Indian education, by J. M. Haworth; Indian education, by R. H. Pratt; Indian education, by S. C. Armstrong; Arbor day in the public schools, by J. B. Peaslee; Arbor day in the public schools, by B. G. Northrop; Recess, by W. T. Harris; No recess, by S. A. Ellis; How a State superintendent can best advance popular education, by E. E. Higbee; National aid for the support of public schools, by J. W. Dickinson; The educational status and needs of the South, by Robert Bingham; Legislation respecting national aid to education, proposed by the interstate educational convention, with remarks and tables; The new bill for national aid to public schools, by B. G. Northrop; Industrial education, by John M. Ordway; Public instruction in industrial pursuits, by A. P. Marble; Education at the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition; The new order of Mercy, or Crime and its prevention, by George T. Angell; Education of the normal color sense, by B. Joy Jeffries; Supplementary reading, by George J. Luckey; Reading, by Chas. G. Edwards; Reading, by J. O. Wilson.

84. Suggestions respecting the educational exhibit at the New Orleans Exposition. 1884-85. pp. 28. (Circ. inf. 5, 1884.)

85. Rural schools. Progress in the past; means of improvement in the future. By Annie Tolman Smith. pp. 90. (Circ. inf. 6, 1884.)

(Cire. inf. 7, 1884.) (Circ. inf. 1, 1885.)

86. Aims and methods of the teaching of physics. By Charles K. Wead. pp. 158. 87. City school systems in the United States. By John D. Philbrick. pp. 207. 88. Teachers' institutes. By James H. Smart. pp. 206. (Circ. inf. 2, 1885.) 89. Review of the reports of the British royal commissioner on technical instruction, with notes. By Chas O. Thompson. pp. 55. (Circ. inf. 3, 1885.)

91. Physical training in American colleges and universities. By Edward Mussey Hartwell. pp. 183. (Circ. inf. 5, 1885.)

92. Study of music in public schools. By Charles Warren. pp. 78. (Circ. inf. 1, 1886.)

93. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association, Washington, D. C., 1886. pp. 91. (Circ. inf. 2, 1886 )

Partial contents: School superintendence a profession, by M. A. Newell; Duties of county superintendents, by D. L. Kiehle; Reading circles for teachers, by Jerome Allen; The coeducation of the races, by Chas. S. Young; National aid to education, by J. A. Lovett; The education and religious interests of the colored people in the South, by S. M. Finger; Forestry in Education, by Warren Higley; Language work, by N. C. Dougherty; Growth and benefits of reading circles, by Herbert M. Skinner; City superintendence, by J. W. Akers; On the substitution of "Intermediate" for "Grammar" as a designation in the nomenclature of graded schools.

94. The college of William and Mary. By Herbert B. Adams. pp. 89. (Circ. inf. 1, 1887.) 95. Study of history in American colleges and universities. By Herbert B. Adams. pp. 299. (Circ. inf. 2, 1887.)

96. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association, Washington, D. C., 1887. pp. 200. (Circ. inf. 3, 1887.)

Partial contents: Public education on the Pacific coast, by F. M. Campbell; The examination and certification of teachers, by Andrew J. Rickoff, and report of committee on; Civil service and public schools: I, by Le Roy D. Brown, II, by Thomas P. Ballard; Powers and duties of school officers and teachers: I, by A. P. Marble, II, by J. M. Green; The best system of county and city supervision, by E. E. Higbee; Industrial education in our public schools: I, by F. W. Parker, II, by W. B. Powell; The province of the public school, by J. W. Dickinson; What a small city is doing in industrial education, by H. W. Compton; A system of grading for country schools, by J. W. Holcombe; The best system of State school supervision, by Warren Easton; State text-books, by F. M. Campbell; The nation and the public schools, by H. W. Blair; Education in Alaska, by Sheldon Jackson. 97. Thomas Jefferson and the University of Virginia. By Herbert B. Adams. pp. 308. (Circ. inf. 1, 1888.)

98. History of education in North Carolina. By Charles Lee Smith. pp. 180. (Circ. inf. 2, 1888.)
99. History of higher education in South Carolina. By C. Meriwether. pp. 247. (Circ. inf. 3, 1888.)
100. Education in Georgia. By Chas. Edgeworth Jones. pp. 154. (Circ. inf. 4, 1888.)
101. Industrial education in the South. By A. D. Mayo. pp. 66. (Circ. inf. 5, 1888.)
102. Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association,

Washington, D. C., 1888. pp. 165. (Circ. inf. 6, 1888.)
Partial contents: How and to what extent can manual training be ingrafted on our system of
public schools? by Chas. H. Ham. Discussed by A. P. Marble, Nicholas Murray Butler,
H. H. Belfield, M. A. Newell, Chas. H. Ham; What is the purpose of county institutes, and
how is it best secured? by Jessie B. Thayer; Elocution: Its place in education, by Martha
Fleming; How shall the qualifications of teachers be determined? by A. S. Draper; Are the