England, and Italy, so too in America, I have incurred great debts! That I have come hither notwithstanding my advanced age, and that the desire to learn still animates and aids me on, is the sole praise to which I may perhaps aspire. The thought of Germany, the love of Germany, has assembled you here together; and this is perfectly compatible with attachment to your newly adopted country and a just estimate of the advantages it affords. Germanic civilization is now penetrating into all parts of the world: it reveals itself in countless physical and mental efforts and achievements, from Transylvania to Liverpool, New York, Oregon, China,-from Tornea to the Cape of Good Hope, from Baffin's Bay to Texas. Would he be a true gardener, who should wish to lop off and cast away some of the branches of a stately tree, not perceiving that they all at last united into one stem? Or shall the fable of the Sybilline leaves be repeated shall some parts of the great Germanic family be devoted to destruction, to enhance the value of the rest? Heaven forbid! The glorious mission entrusted by Providence to the nations of the Germanic stock, of promoting the advancement of the whole human race, can be accomplished only by the manifold exertions of each in its proper sphere, and by unity among themselves. Here's to the prosperity of the old and the new countries! May the physical impediments to their free intercourse keep constantly diminishing, and may they become more and more united in mind and heart! Germany and the United States of America!

We had seen but a part of the wonderful water-works of New York. Accordingly Mr. W. accompanied us to the more distant portions of the structure. The water is conveyed in a closed aqueduct to the declivity of a broad and deep valley with a river in its midst; it passes in monstrous pipes underneath the river; forms at the lowest point a magnificent fountain; ascends, according to hydrostatic laws, the other side of the hill; and then runs in a narrow conduit to the reservoir already mentioned. But in order that those pipes may not hereafter impede the navigation of the river, fourteen monstrous granite pillars are grounded in the bed of the river, and raised to the elevation of the heights on either side. These are to be connected by arches into a bridge, over which the water will then be carried.

The Romans never executed any thing bolder or grander. The utility of these water-conduits to the city-for the purposes of drinking, washing, cleansing the streets, factories of all kinds, baths, and fountains-is incomparably greater than one at first imagines. Here art and beauty go with usefulness hand in hand.

The democracy of a city has here accomplished more than

many a great monarch.-In the afternoon we went with the amiable young S. over to Brooklyn, to the justly celebrated cemetery; which attracts the living by the beautiful manner in which it is laid out, and promises to each a place of calm repose.

PHILADELPHIA, 23d August.

Yesterday at nine o'clock we crossed in a steamboat from New York to New Jersey, and proceeded on the railroad to the Delaware, and thence in another steamboat to Philadelphia. This distance of one hundred miles was performed in six hours, at a cost of four dollars each person. The country is green, and in part well cultivated, but not picturesque. We stopped at the Franklin House; where one may breakfast and dine by the carte, when and how he pleases.

After finishing my work, I took a long walk to-day through the city, to the other side of the bridge over the Schuylkill. I had an opportunity of seeing great numbers of women coming out of church. They were all more simply, naturally, and tastefully dressed, and accordingly looked far better, than those fashionable ladies, whose ideal of female beauty seems to be a pipe-stem stuck upon a beer-barrel. As to the city itself, I will not enter into details that are to be found in every traveller's guide concerning, for instance, its long, straight, wide streets, some set out with trees; its cleanliness, so great that even the side-walks are scoured, and the lower parts of the houses washed; the spacious "squares" planted with uncommonly beautiful trees; the neat and tasteful churches; the numerous porches and doorsteps of white marble; the balustrades of elegant iron-work, &c. Of Quakerdom, so far as it may be externally visible, I have as yet observed nothing.

PHILADELPHIA, 24th August.

This has been equally a day of enjoyment and instruction. Mr. R. came for us in a carriage, and we visited with him first the engine manufactory of Mr. Norris. He employs about three hundred persons, who are paid from five to eight dollars per week. Yet he is able to furnish steam-engines to Austria, and wants no high duties. Of the great and much talked of Prison and House of Refuge I have given an account elsewhere. The water-works here deserve the most honorable mention beside those of New York. A mighty dam restrains the waters of the Schuylkill, which are raised by means of immense wheels to the reservoirs

above; whence it is then distributed throughout the city in a highly appropriate manner. A cemetery near the Schuylkill, formed by the exertions of Mr. R., extending over hills and slopes, and abounding in beautiful trees, monuments, and views, is, next to Père la Chaise and Greenwood, the most beautiful I have seen.

PHILADELPHIA, 28th August.

Yesterday, through the uncommon kindness and attention of several gentlemen, and of Dr. D. in particular, proved a highly entertaining and instructive day. First Dr. D. took us to the Athenæum, a scientific institution possessing a good library and a reading-room. The Philosophical Society has existed already one hundred years, and has performed meritorious services of various kinds. We saw there a number of curiosities: immense mammoth-bones; rude works of art from Central America; the original of the Declaration of Independence; and a picture of Jefferson, which represents him older, but much handsomer and more intellectual looking, than other portraits. In the State House we saw the hall, as it was when the Declaration of Independence was signed in it; and obtained from the cupola an extensive and delightful prospect over the great city and its environs. Dr. D. then took us in his carriage successively to the Insane Asylum, the Poor House, the Institution for the Blind, and the gas-works. These establishments are not only large and well adapted to their objects, but the two first are so magnificently appointed, that they look like palaces.

On the 29th we went by railroad in a northwesterly direction through Reading to Pottsville; and saw what inexhaustible treasures of coal are found there. This portion of country will gradually become as black as Newcastle upon Tyne and Wolverhampton. On the 30th we returned to Reading; took, under the guidance of a German preacher and his sexton, a look at the lovely country from the top of a steeple; and in the evening reached Harrisburg. In the German Hotel, a bootjack and slippers were offered us for the first time; and a pair of snuffers lay on the candlestick. But the German was of a very mixed description, as Morgen ist ein öffentliches Vendu! Wo werden Sie hinaus travellen? Wo stoppen Sie? and the like. From the State House in Harrisburg the view of the surrounding landscape is very fine, especially over the Susquehanna, its islands, the nearer hills, and more distant mountains. From Harrisburg we proceeded through a pleasant and well cultivated country to Lancaster. The population of these tracts is chiefly German;

and the women, girls, and children had a healthy, hearty, pretty, and cheerful appearance, such as I have hardly met with before in America. The general paleness therefore cannot be altogether the effect of climate.

Last evening I had a long and instructive conversation with Mr. B., one of the most esteemed leaders of the democratic party. So far this lateral excursion turned out as well as could be desired; though here too a few drawbacks were not wanting. The stage-coach from Reading to Harrisburg was sinall and crowded; and the road such, that we were tossed about for twelve hours like foxes in a blanket. A babe in arms, which with its tender mother occupied a seat at my side, loudly manifested from the first its reasonable displeasure; and even gave warning to a lady who was stepping in, by bespewing her from top to bottom. On the lady's showing her horror at this reception, the mother quietly observed: "Oh, that's nothing; the child is only a little unwell," &c.

Several Germans residing in Philadelphia invited me with the utmost kindness to an evening entertainment, given on my behalf. We sat at three long tables and one cross one. Before me on elegant tables stood my immortal works, and two emperors of the Hohenstauffens, the whole made of perishable sugar, a present from a friendly pastrycook. My health was drunk; and afterwards that of Clio the muse of history, the President of the United States and the King of Prussia, H., my brother Charles (proposed by Mr. Linden, one of his Nuremberg pupils), besides many more. The warmest attachment to Germany was displayed by all, and in the most pleasing manner. Full of emotion and gratitude, I returned to my lodgings at midnight; and was retiring to bed, when a band of music sounded under my windows, and gave me a hearty serenade.

Of the excellent speech of the president of the company, Dr. Hering, in reference to Germany, I will give some passages (not relating to myself) from an extract in the papers. It is there said: Dr. Hering passed in brief review the many different occasions on which the Germans of Philadelphia had united together. How they had maintained German churches and schools; had founded benevolent societies, libraries, and settlements; had formed military companies, singing clubs, and so forth. He called to mind particularly their celebration of the jubilee in honor of the discovery of printing, "when the trees before the Court House, which have seen and heard so much, rustled to their German choral songs." And then it was remarked: "This is the first time that a German scholar has been welcomed by the citizens of German origin." Princes, it was said, have indeed come over, "to see a country without princes;" but "they had

forgotten that many an old king and emperor could only sign their names with a cross, and yet knew well enough how to govern."

"Natural philosophers," continued the speaker, "have been here; physicians have also come over, who have visited our prisons and our hospitals. But this time it is an historical inquirer, who comes to see, not the prisoners, but the free; not the sick, but the healthy. Let us then, as such, bid him welcome."

"The Germans have no colonies beyond the sea, like the English and Spaniards, or even the French and Russians. But are there not also intellectual colonies? And have not we Germans established such colonies over the whole circuit of the earth? colonies where German science and arts, German industry, and German perseverance, have formed settlements among other nations?

"Yes, gentlemen, and we, we are such an intellectual colony! And to intellectual Germany we all still belong!

"The colonies of England and Spain have separated from the parent states; but these German colonies will never rend asunder the tie that binds them to their early home."

My reply, which I also extract from the newspapers, was as follows: "Gentlemen, I beg to tender you my most sincere and heartfelt thanks, for all the kindness and distinction you have shown me. Should it be asserted, that I do not merit this flattering consideration, I would at once decidedly answer, that with this opinion I fully coincide! But then who can say that he is deserving of all the love and kindness shown him by parents, kindred, friends, and countrymen ? Or who could have the intolerable presumption and self-esteem, to institute a debit and credit account of the countless blessings he receives from above? If then in this sense I accept your kindness, I offend against no law of modesty; on the contrary, an obstinate rejection would savor of insensibility and ingratitude.

"Here I might close my address, if it only concerned myself. But as custom permits the addition of other remarks of various kinds, I trust you will not be displeased, if I claim your attention a few moments longer. If an American citizen of German origin, in view of the extraordinary advantages and the gigantic progress of his new country, should deplore with tender sorrow the approaching dotage of Germany, or call upon her in noble indignation to know her own strength, and press forward with rapid course to higher aims, it could scarcely be wondered at or blamed. And yet such a view of things would be too exclusively American. The Germans are perfectly well aware of many domestic wants and imperfections; but do not wish a single ruler, with forcible, iron hand, to suddenly sweep them away,