}

A. D. 1912.

set aside the said deed of assignment, or to enforce the provisions thereof, or for any other purpose whatever, without first obtaining and entering up judgment against the sail debtor upon the claim or demand so held by the said credi tor or creditors.

Applied.-Austin v. Morris, 23 S. C., 393; Meinhard v. Strickland, 29 S. C. 491; 7 S. E., 838; Regenstein v. Pearlstein, 30 S. C., 192; 8 S. F., 850, Miller v. Hughes, 33 S. C., 530; 12 S. E., 419. Releases under mistakeWhitehill v. Dacus, 49 S. C., 273; 27 S. E., 200.

Receivership on ground of fraudulent assignment.-Whilden v. Chapman, 80 S. C., 90.

Who may object to testimony under this Chapter.-Rapley v. Klugh, 40 S. C., 134; 18 S. E., 680. Objection, how raised.-Groce v. Jenkins, 28 S. C., 172; 5 S. E., 352.

&c., shall have

estates at will

civ. '02, §

2650.

Section 3409. All estates, interests of freehold, or terms Parol lenses, of years, or any uncertain interests of, in, to, or out of any the force of lands, tenements, or hereditaments, made or created by liv- only; proviso. ery and seizin only, or by parol, and not put in writing and signed by the parties so making or creating the same, or their agents thereunto lwfully authorized, by writing, shall have the force and effect of estates at will only, and shall not, either in law or equity, be deemed or taken to have any other or greater force or effect; any consideration for making any such parol leases or estates, or any former law or usage, to the contrary notwithstanding, except leases not exceeding the term of one year from the time of entry, whereupon the rent reserved to the landlord during such term shall amount unto two-third parts, at the least, of the full improved value of the thing demised.

Hillhouse v. Jennings, 60 S. C., 392; 38 S. E., 597; Davis v. Pollock, 36 S. C., 544; 15 S. E., 718; Hellams v. Patton, 44 S. C., 454; 22 S. E., 608. A written contract of sale of land may be rescinded and a rent contract substituted therefor.-Mosely v. Witt, 79 S. C., 141; 60 S. E., 520. Circumstances of signing bond may be shown in explanation thereof.-Crawford v. Owens, 79 S. C., 59; 60 S. E., 236. Parol testimony is admissible to locate boundaries in deed.-Marion County Lumber Co. v. Tilgham Lumber Co., 79 S. C., 54; 60 S. E., 33; Holden v. Alexander, 82 S. C., 441; 62 S. E., 1108;

A. D. 1912.

No lenses,

assigned, &c.,

by parol.

2651.

64 S. E., 400. Agency to buy land may be shown by parol.—Kean v. Ladrum, 72 S. C., 556; 52 S. E., 421. Parol evidence inadmissible to show additional consideration.-Dixon v. S. A. L. Ry., 83 S. C., 394; 65 & L 351; Cline v. Farmers' Oil Mill, 83 S. C., 204; 65 S. E., 272. Estoppel of holder equitable title, 72 S. C., 47; Pollock v. Pegues, 51 S. E., 514.

Sec. 3410. No leases, estates, or interests, either of free&c. shall be hold or term of years, or any uncertain interests of, in, to, or out of any lands, tenements, or hereditaments, shall at Civ. 02, any time be assigned, granted, or surrendered, unless it be by deed or note, in writing, signed by the party so assigning granting, or surrendering the same, or his agent thereunto lawfully authorized by writing, or by act and operation of law.

Promises and

parol.

Civ. '02, § 2652.

Charles v. Byrd, 29 S. C., 544; 8 S. E., 1; Davis v. Pollock, 36 S. C., 544; 15 S. E., 718.

Part performance.-Baker v. Hussey, 63 S. C., 551; 41 S. E., 758. Statute of Frauds must be pleaded to give right to object to evidence because obnoxious to the Statute.-Coward v. Boyd, 79 S. C., 134; 60 & L 311.

Sec. 3411. No action shall be brought whereby to charge agreements by any executor or administrator upon any special promise to answer damages out of his own estate; or whereby to charge the defendant upon any special promise to answer for the debt, default, or miscarriage of another person; or to charge any person upon any agreement made upon consideration of marriage; or upon any contract or sale of lands, tenements or hereditaments, or any interest in or concerning them; or upon any agreement that is not to be performed within the space of one year from the making thereof; unless the agreement upon which such action shall be brought, or some memorandum or note thereof, shall be in writing, and signed by the party to be charged therewith. or some person thereunto by him lawfully authorized.

T

As to contract by executor or administrator.-Tarvell v. Witherspoon, 3 McC., 486. As to promise to answer for debt of another.-Murrell v. Green land, 1 DeS., 332; Stevens v. Winn, 3 Brev., 17; Gunnels v. Stewart, 3 Brev., 52; Jones v. Ballard, 2 Mill, 113; Hughes v. Crayon, 2 MIN, 257. Ayer v. Hay, 2 Mill., 365; Pigott v. Sian, 1 N. & McC., 124; Aiken v. Duren, 2 N. & McC., 370; Caldwell v. McKain, 2 N. & McC., 555; Leland v. Crayon 1 McC., 100; McBride v. Watts, 1 McC., 384; Mease v. Wagner, 1 McC., 495: Madden v. McCray, 1 McC., 486; Atkinson v. Barfield, 1 McC., 575; Boyce Owens, 2 McC., 208; Lecat v. Taval, 3 McC., 158; Barnstine v. Eggart, McC., 162; Caston v. Moss, 1 Bail., 14; Roche v. Chaplin, 1 Bail., 419 McMorris v. Herndon, 2 Bail., 56; Aiken v. Cheeseborough, 1 Hill, 172. Cohen v. Hard, 2 Hill, 304; Corbett v. Cochran, 3 Hill, 41; Tyler v. Givens, 3 Hill, 48; Corbett v. Cochran, Riley, 44; Tyler v. Givens, Riley, 56; Richardson v. Richardson, 1 McM., 280; Pope v. Fort, 2 McM., 60; Bronson Stroud, 2 McM., 272; Simpson v. Nance, 1 Speer, 4; Strohecker v. Cobin,

1 Speer, 349; Savage v. Kinloch, Speer's Eq., 464; Kinloch v. Brown, 2 Speer, 284; Bird v. Muhlinbrink, 1 Rich., 199; Dunlap v. Thorne, 1 Rich., 213; Kinloch v. Brown, 1 Rich., 223; Thomas v. Croft, 2 Rich., 113; Antonio v. Clissy, 3 Rich., 201; Durham v. Arledge, 1 Strob., 5; Tindal v. Touchberry, 3 Strob., 177; Hindman v. Langford, 3 Strob., 207; Taylor v. Drake, 4 Strob., 431; Hill v. Smith, 12 Rich., 698; Griffin v. Rembert, 2 S. C., 410; Williams v. Caldwell, 4 S. C., 100; Black v. White, 13 S. C., 37; Duncan v. Heller, 13 S. C., 95; Felder v. Walker, 24 S. C., 596; Robertson v. Hunter, 29 S. C., 9; 6 S. E., 850; Ollever v. Duval, 32 S. C., 273; 10 S. E., 1070; Willoughby v. Crosby, 51 S. C., 462; 29 S. E., 242; Speer v. Meschine, 46 S. C., 505; 24 S. E., 329. Part payment does not take promise to pay debt of another out of the statute.-Milwee v. Jay, 47 S. C., 430; 25 S. E., 298. As to contract or sale of land.-Denton v. McKenzie, 1 DeS., 289; Givens v. Calder, 2 DeS., 171; Hutchinson v. Hutchinson, 4 DeS., 77; Cosack v. Descoudres, 1 McC., 425; Howell v. Howell, Harp. Eq., 158: Cornwell v. Spence, Harp. Eq., 258; Smith v. Smith, 1 Rich. Eq., 130; Schmidt v. Gatewood, 2 Rich. Eq., 162; Poag v. Sandifer, 5 Rich. Eq., 170; Cox v. Cox, 5 Rich. Eq., 365; Johnston v. LaMotte, 6 Rich. Eq., 351; Church v. Farrow, 7 Rich. Eq., 378; Lee v. Lee, 11 Rich. Eq.. 574; Hyde v. Cooper, 13 Rich. Eq., 250; Garrett v. Malone, 8 Rich., 335; Davis v. Moore, 9 Rich., 215; Tramwell v. Tramwell, 11 Rich., 471; Jones v. McMichael, 12 Rich., 176; Wetmore v. Rhett, 12 Rich., 565; Billings v. Clinton, 6 S. C., 102; Hill v. Smith, 12 Rich., 698 Lyles v. Kirkpatrick, 9 S. C., 267; Coleman v. Chester, 14 S. C., 286; Harrison v. Bailey, 14 S. C., 334; Coney v. Timmons, 16 S. C., 384; Mims v. Chandler, 21 S. C., 492; Nesbitt v. Cavender, 27 S. C., 1; 2 S. E., 702; Boozer v. Teague, 27 S. C., 348; 3 S. E., 551; Martin v. Patterson, 27 S. C., 621; 2 S. E., 859; Hunter v. Mills, 29 S. C., 72; 6 S. E., 907; Charles v. Byrd, 29 S. C., 544; 8 S. E., 1; Shuford v. Shingler, 30 S. C., 612; 8 S. E., 799; Lamar v. Wright, 31 S. C., 60; 9 S. E., 736; Rhode v. Tuten, 34 S. C., 496; 13 S. E., 676; Dixon v. Hockaday, 36 S. C., 60; 15 S. E., 342; Davis v. Pollock, 36 S. C., 544; 15 S. E., 718; Coleman v. Curtis, 36 S. C., 607; 15 S. E., 709; 16 S. E., 770. As to contracts not to be performed within a year.-Gee v. Hicks, Rich. Eq. Ca., 5; Thompson v. Gordon, 3 Strob., 196; Compton v. Martin, 5 Rich., 14; Gadsden v. Lance, McM. Eq., 92; Jones v. McMichael, 12 Rich., 176; Carter v. Brown, 3 S. C., 298; Walker v. R. R. Co., 26 S. C., 80; 1 S. E., 366; Duckett v. Pool, 33 S. C., 238; 11 S. E., 689; Wise v. Wise, 60 S. C., 426: 38 S. E., 794; Hillhouse v. Jennings, 60 S. E., 392; 38 S. E., 597; Turnipseed v. Sirrine, 57 S. C., 550; 35 S. E., 757; Alexander v. McDaniel, 56 S. C., 252; 34 S. E., 405. As to what shall constitute a sufficient writing of the agreement.-Davis v. Robertson, 1 Mill, 71; Isaac v. McGrath, 1 N. & McC., 563; Douglass v. Spears, 2 N. & McC., 207; Meadows v. Meadows, 3 McC., 458; Anderson v. Chick, Bail. Eq., 118; McMorris v. Herndon, 2 Bail., 56; Rogers v. Collier, 2 Bail., 581; Trustees v. Wiley, 2 Hill Ch., 584; Tyler v. Givens, 3 Hill, 48; Ib., Riley, 56; Woodward v. Pickett, Dudley, 30; Carter v. Bennett, Dud., 142; Toomer v. Davidson, Chev., 68; Secrist v. Twitty, 1 McM., 255; Entz v. Mills, 1 McM., 453; Hatcher v. Hatcher, McM. Eq., 311; Draper v. Patina, 2 Speer, 292; Savage v. Kinloch, Speer Eq., 464; Christie v. Simpson, 1 Rich., 407; Elfe v. Gadsden, 2 Rich., 373; Brown v. Brown, 1 Strob. Eq., 363; Sams v. Fripp, 10 Rich. Eq., 447; Hyde v. Cooper, 13 Rich. Eq., 250; Griffin v. Rembert, 2 S. C., 10; Mims v. Chandler, 21 S. C., 492; Humbert v. Brisbane, 25 S. C., 506; 1 S. E., 5; Boozer v. Teague, 27 S. C., 363; 3 S. E., 551; Groce v. Jenkins, 28 S. C., 172; 5 S. E., 352; Kennedy v. Grambling, 33 S. C., 367; 11 S. E., 1081; Willis v. Hammond, 41 S. C., 153; 19 S. E., 310. Part performance. Watts v. Witt, 39 S. C., 356; 17 S. E., 822; Kennemore v. Kennemore, 26 S. C., 251; 1 S. E., 881; Boozer v. Teague, 27 S. C., 348; 3 S. E., 551.

Promise to pay debt of another, where main purpose of promissor is to serve purpose of his own.-Turner v. Lyles, 68 S. C., 397; 48 S. E., 301. Promise to pay debt of another upon forbearance to enforce immediately an existing lien.-Ellis Co. v. Carroll, 68 S. C., 376; 47 S. E., 679. Agreement not void.-Welborn v. Dixon, 70 S. C., 108; 49 S. E., 232. See also McGee

A. D. 1912,

A. D. 1912.

Contracts for

for fifty dol

when valid.

Civ. 02.

v. Cunningham, 69 S. C., 470; 48 S. E., 473. Agreement as to purchase t Judicial sale; chilling bids.-Jarrot v. Kuker, 78 S. C., 510; 59 S. E., 533.

Sec. 3412. No contract for the sale of any goods, wares sale of goods and merchandise for the price of fifty dollars or upward lars or more, shall be allowed to be good except the buyer shall accept part of the goods so sold and actually receive the same, or give something in earnest to bind the bargain, or in part payment, or that some note or memorandum in writing of the said bargain be made and signed by the parties to be charged by such contract, or their agents thereunto lawfully authorized.

2653.

Parol gifts.

2654.

Jackson v. Watts, 1 McC., 288; Toomer v. Dawson, Cheves, 68; Gadsden v. Lance, McM. Fq., 87; Thompson v. Gordon, 3 Strob., 196; Taylor v. Drak. 4 Strob., 431: Winship v. Buzzard, 9 Rich., 103; Wolf v. Sharp, 10 Rich., 60 Barbour v. Disher, 11 Rich., 347: Suber v. Pullin, 1 S. C., 273; Bulwinkle Cramer, 27 S. C., 376; 3 S. E., 776; Louisville Co. v. Lorick & Lowrance. S. C., 533: 8 S. E., 8; Melchers v. Springs, 33 S. C., 279; 11 S. E., 788: Woods v. Cramer, 34 S. C., 508; 13 S. E., 660; Smith v. Evans, 36 S. C., 15 S. E., 344: Turnipseed v. Sirrine, 57 S. C., 559; 35 S. E., 758. Barr v. Satcher, 72 S. C., 35; 51 S. E., 530.

Sec. 3413. No parol gift of any chattel shall be valid Civ. 02, against subsequent creditors or purchasers or mortgagees. except where the donee shall live separate and apart from the donor, and actual possession shall, at the time of the gift, be delivered to and remain and continue in the done. his or her executors, administrators, or assigns.

Agreement reserving any

Skell v. McKnight, 1 Bay, 64; Johnson v. Dillard, 1 Bay, 232; Avaunt Sweet, 2 Bay, 528; Reid v. Colcock, 1 N. & McC., 592; Hatton v. Banks, 1 X. & McC., 221; Blake v. Jones, Bail. Eq., 141; Sprouse v. Littlejohn, 22 S. C.. 360; Bennett v. Cook, 28 S. C., 353; 6 S. E., 28.

Sec. 3414. Every agreement between the vendor and interest in per. Vendee, bailor or bailee of personal property, whereby the sonal property vendor or bailor shall reserve to himself any interest in the

to vendors or

bailor void

tors, etc., un

ed;

tions.

2655.

excep

against credi- same, shall be null and void as to subsequent creditors legs in writ: (whether lien creditors or simple contract creditors) or puring and record-chasers for valuable consideration without notice unless the same be reduced to writing and recorded in the manner now 1510, provided by law for the recording of mortgages; but nothXXVI, 747. ing herein contained shall apply to livery stable keepers, in keepers, or any other persons letting or hiring property for temporary use of or for agricultural purposes, or depositing such property for the purpose of repairs or work or labor done thereon.