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Dollar diplomacy, 42.
Drug stores, cut rate, 31.
Dumping of goods, 261 note 1.

ECONOMIC LAWS, control of,
205; under control of com-
munity, 249.
Economic progress, this coun-
try backward in, 184.
Economic rights discussed, 290.
Economists of old school and
competition, 22.

Electric lamps, decree concern-
ing, 68.

164; wages and hours of labor of, 164. Encyclopædia Britannica, definition of competition in, 19. Engineers' attitude toward reduction of hours of labor,

172. Engineers' threatened strike, 302.

England, conditions in, 364; Parliamentary inquiry of 1833 in, 367.

Ethical significance, open-price policy, 122.

Ely, Prof. R. T., 39 note, 48 Ethical standards, 17.

note. EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYES, competition between, 30; the two great classes, 337. EMPLOYERS, combinations of, here to stay, 10; debt of, to employes, 172; deny interest of labor in industry, 296; fight against labor, 163; organizations, 53; relations of, with employes, 158, 162; right of, to combine as against labor unions, 344 note; welded together by attitude of labor, 128. EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, 173; a question for actuaries, 179; changes in law of, 178; the economic view, 178; the law in New York, 175. EMPLOYES and provision for injury and pension, 164; as members of employers' associations, 57; economy to provide for welfare of, 165; sex, age, and nationalities of,

ETHICS, competition contrary to, 13; fair trade and higher business standards and, 355; sacrificed at the basis of progress, 14; tendency of, towards higher standards in trade, 351.

EVOLUTION and social relations,

14; of competition, II; rights of the strong against the weak and, 15; struggle for existence and, 61; survival of the rich and powerful and, 16; the human law survival of all, 16; will the fittest sur

vive? 32. Exchange builders, 107. Exchange, industrial, 101. Exemption of labor and agricultural associations from antitrust laws, 346, 382. See Chap. XIX.

Factory system, 43.
Failures, liabilities, 266.

Family a coöperative unit, 24.

FARMERS are partly free to combine, 342; as capitalists, 337; as employers of labor, 338; associations of, in grain growing states, 331; coöperative creamery, 331; coöperative societies of, 33, 36, 51, 330; organization of, in Illinois, 37 note.

FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION, See

TRADE COMMISSION. Firemen and engineers, brotherhoods of, 323. Fires, losses by, 268.

Fitch, John A., 165 note, 169

note, 168 note.

Fixing re-sale prices, 67. Florida Fruit Producers' Association, 332.

Foreign trade illusion, 42.

conditions in, 368; law prohibiting unfair competition in, 372; number of syndicates. in, 372; socialistic conditions in, 181 note.

Gilds, Medieval, 40, 109. GOVERNMENT and competition,

27, 219 note; duty of, to see that prices are maintained, 218; it should be the object of some department of, to help manufacturers and dealers, 346; maintains railroad rates, 218; method of purchasing supplies and letting contracts by, criticized, 228; work for, bidding on, 198.

Governors and cotton growers, 9.

Fraud, false representations Hadley, President, 18-20, 27, 246

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equity causes, but the court may adopt or reject such report, in whole or in part, and enter such decree as the nature of the case may in its judgment require.

SEC. 8. That the several departments and bureaus of the Government when directed by the President shall furnish the commission, upon its request, all records, papers, and information in their possession relating to any corporation subject to any of the provisions of this Act, and shall detail from time to time such officials and employees to the commission as he may direct.

SEC. 9. That for the purposes of this Act the commission, or its duly authorized agent or agents, shall at all reasonable times have access to, for the purpose of examination, and the right to copy any documentary evidence of any corporation being investigated or proceeded against; and the commission shall have power to require by subpoena the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of all such documentary evidence relating to any matter under investigation. Any member of the commission may sign subpoenas, and members and examiners of the commission may administer oaths and affirmations, examine witnesses, and receive evidence.

Such attendance of witnesses, and the production of such documentary evidence, may be required from any place in the United States, at any designated place of hearing. And in case of disobedience to a subpoena the commission may invoke the aid of any court of the United States in requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of documentary evidence.

Any of the district courts of the United States within the jurisdiction of which such inquiry is carried or may, in case of contumacy or refusal to obey a subpoena issued to any corporation or other person, issue an order requiring such corporation or other person to appear before the commission, or to produce documentary evidence if so ordered, or to give evidence touching the matter in question; and any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof.

Upon the application of the Attorney General of the United States, at the request of the commission, the district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus commanding any person or corporation to comply with the provisions of this Act or any order of the commission made in pursuance thereof.

The commission may order testimony to be taken by deposition in any proceeding or investigation pending under this

Act at any stage of such proceeding or investigation. Such depositions may be taken before any person designated by the commission and having power to administer oaths. Such testimony shall be reduced to writing by the person taking the deposition, or under his direction, and shall then be subscribed by the deponent. Any person may be compelled to appear and depose and to produce documentary evidence in the same manner as witnesses may be compelled to appear and testify and produce documentary evidence before the commission as hereinbefore provided.

Witnesses summoned before the commission shall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in the courts of the United States, and witnesses whose depositions are taken and the persons taking the same shall severally be entitled to the same fees as are paid for like services in the courts of the United States.

No person shall be excused from attending and testifying or from producing documentary evidence before the commission or in obedience to the subpoena of the commission on the ground or for the reason that the testimony or evidence, documentary or otherwise, required of him may tend to criminate him or subject him to a penalty or forfeiture. But no natural person shall be prosecuted or subjected to any penalty or forfeiture for or on account of any transaction, matter, or thing concerning which he may testify, or produce evidence, documentary or otherwise, before the commission in obedience to a subpoena issued by it: Provided, That no natural person so testifying shall be exempt from prosecution and punishment for perjury committed in so testifying.

SEC. 10. That any person who shall neglect or refuse to attend and testify, or to answer any lawful inquiry, or to produce documentary evidence, if in his power to do so, in obedience to the subpoena or lawful requirement of the commission, shall be guilty of an offense and upon conviction thereof by a court of competent jurisdiction shall be punished by a fine of not less than $1,000 nor more than $5,000, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both such fine and impris

onment.

Any person who shall willfully make, or cause to be made, any false entry or statement of fact in any report required to be made under this Act, or who shall willfully make, or cause to be made, any false entry in any account, record, or memorandum kept by any corporation subject to this Act, or who shall willfully neglect or fail to make, or to cause to be made, full, true, and correct entries in such accounts, records, or

memoranda of all facts and transactions appertaining to the business of such corporation, or who shall willfully remove out of the jurisdiction of the United States, or willfully mutilate, alter, or by any other means falsify any documentary evidence of such corporation, or who shall willfully refuse to submit to the commission or to any of its authorized agents, for the purpose of inspection and taking copies, any documentary evidence of such corporation in his possession or within his control, shall be deemed guilty of an offense against the United States, and shall be subject, upon conviction in any court of the United States of competent jurisdiction, to a fine of not less than $1,000 nor more than $5,000, or to imprisonment for a term of not more than three years, or to both such fine and imprisonment.

If any corporation required by this Act to file any annual or special report shall fail so to do within the time fixed by the commission for filing the same, and such failure shall continue for thirty days after notice of such default, the corporation shall forfeit to the United States the sum of $100 for each and every day of the continuance of such failure, which for feiture shall be payable into the Treasury of the United States. and shall be recoverable in a civil suit in the name of the United States brought in the district where the corporation has its principal office or in any district in which it shall do business. It shall be the duty of the various district attorneys, under the direction of the Attorney General of the United States, to prosecute for the recovery of forfeitures. The costs and expenses of such prosecution shall be paid out of the appropriation for the expenses of the courts of the United States.

Any officer or employee of the commission who shall make public any information obtained by the commission without its authority, unless directed by a court, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $5,000, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or by fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court.

SEC. 11. Nothing contained in this Act shall be construed to prevent or interfere with the enforcement of the provisions of the antitrust Acts or the Acts to regulate commerce, nor shall anything contained in the Act be construed to alter. modify, or repeal the said antitrust Acts or the Acts to regulate commerce or any part or parts thereof.

Approved, September 26, 1914.

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