and the little fellow, 161; un- fair competition and, 161; vanishing industries, 241. OPEN-PRICE POLICY, advantages of, 146; in America and Europe, III; false statements regarding bids and, 200. Oriental customs prevail with manufacturers and contract- ors, 111, 112. Over-capacity normal, 255.
PANICS and coöperation, 265; cost of, 259; money proposi- tions, 260.
Partnerships, 45. Patents, utilization of, to con- trol trade, 70. PEAK
LOAD and its demand upon merchants and manufac- turers, 254; and the question of idle labor, 255; in rela- tion to price and capacity, 256. Pennsylvania, class legislation in, 326.
Pennsylvania railroad, 187. PENSIONS, 164, 172, 183; paid by certain corporations, 185; government protection of funds, 188; paid by state in industries a socialistic propo- sition, 187; to soldiers and sailors, 185.
People vs. Sugar Refining Co., 6. Perfection, rivalry incentive towards, 18.
Philosophy of trade, 203. Playgrounds, 165.
Political economy, approval of
brutal maxims of, 287; dis- mal science, 204. POLITICIANS and combinations of capitalists, 10; and com- binations of labor, 9; and competition, 5; suppression of competition in products of soil favored by, 9. POOLS, see COMBINATIONS. Post, parcel, 39.
PRICE, see Open-price policy; arbitrary adjustment of, to cost, 263; and coöperation, 49; and cost discussed by Adam Smith, 243; as af- fected by integrated indus- tries, 282; as affected by open-price associations, 106, 141, 151; buying below cost, 230; consumer and a stable, 216; development of large establishments, 121; discrimi- nation in, between parties and localities condemned, 355; distinction between fair and right, 263; fair, uniform, and stable, essential, 67, 213; false statements regarding, 355; federal regulation of, chimerical, 291; fixed, 119; fixed by farmers' societies, 51; fixed, may be very desir- able, 213; ignoring the man who pays, 57; implied agree- ments to control, 125; impos- sible to keep men to a fixed, 138; inspection of, by gov- ernment agents, 230; knowl- edge regarding, keeps prices stable, 126; marking in cipher, 112, 117; matter of
social concern, 217; meetings to compare, 124; on stock ex- change, 120; open, as a labor saving device, 117; oriental method, III; peak load and, 252; rise and fall of, with relation to cost, 256; scien- tific proposition, 264; secret, is cumbersome, 117; secret, is wasteful, 121; should never fall below cost, 265; should vary with cost, 257; stable, as compared with stable wages, 228; storms like wind storms, 119; suppressed, 119; and trusts, 51; unions to advance, 52; what is a fair, 243; what is a fixed, 116; what is an open, 115; where stable, 120. Price discrimination, 81; see
also Clayton Law and Trade Commission; also Unfair Methods of Competition. Production and coöperation, 49. Profit an individual matter, price of social concern, 216. PROGRESS and large producers, 62; and morality, 17; is co- operation, II, 18; in last fifteen years, 62; signs of change, 68.
Protection as opposed to cer-
tain trade maxims, 209. PUBLIC and strikes, 305; atti- tude of, towards competition, 16; bears all costs of operat- ing railroads, 305; distrusts secrecy, 225; interested in de- mands for increased wages by railroad employes, 311;
323. RAILROADS, employes of, de- mands by, parties interested, 306; employes of, scheme of integration, 297; employes of, suggested programme on presentation of demands, 307; firemen of, demands by, 305 note; questions of, in rate controversies, 219; Sherman Law and, 172; strike pend- ing, 302; under Interstate Commerce Law, 215; vicious conditions in, under old com- petition, 221; workings of traffic associations, 221 note. Railway associations, 53.
Rebates and secret prices eliminated by open price policy, 150. Remedies proposed, 291. Re-sale prices, 67, 69, 83. Restraint of competition rea- sonable, 6.
RETAIL stores, 48 note. RETAIL TRADE, associations and customers, 57; association in- cluding employes, 57; mail order and department stores,
340; exemption labor unions and, 328; repeal of, opposed, 350; not enforced against certain classes, 34, 330; obsolete and mischievous, 351; railroads and, 172, 215; railroad associations and, 224 note; results of enforc- ing, against large corpora- tions, 269; standard forms of contracts and, 201; strikes by railroad unions and, 303. Signs of change, 69. Smith, Adam, discussion of price and cost, 243. Smuggling, 46.
Social progress and evolution, 13.
Social relations in advance of biological evolution, 14. SOCIALISM and anti-trust laws, 4; and competition, 3; growth of, 3; labor unionism and, 3. Society, foundation of, is co- öperation, 24.
South Dakota, class legislation in, 325; law against unfair competition in, 78.
Spencer, Herbert, 46 note. Squier, L. W., 179 note. Standard Oil Company, 28, 59,
60, 63, 104, 124, 187, 272. State vs. Brayton, 78.
State vs. Central Lumber Com- pany, 78.
Statistics, mortality, in U. S., 179 note.
STEEL INDUSTRY, interdepend- ence of several units of, 276; line of normal competition, 279; scheme of, 275.
Steel manufacturers, combina-
tion of, in Germany, 127 note. STRIKES, attitude of govern- ment toward, 302; contrary to social progress, 304; must go, 307; strike breakers and, 31.
Struggle and competition, 21. SUPPLY AND DEMAND as de- scribed by Adam Smith, 244; theory of, criticised, 248; wide fluctuations in, under old competition, 251. Suppressed competition illegal, 95.
Syndicates, number of, in Ger-
government toward, 209; and the tariff, 207.
Tobacco company, 130, 272. Tobacco growers' associations,
Tobacco Society, 37 note. Trade anarchist, 121. TRADE, maxims of, 204; max- ims of, certain anarchistic, 212; philosophy of, 204; science of, not yet written, 203; tricks of, 58, 67; vicious conditions in, under old com- petition, 221.
Trade Commission, 69, 80, 84, 357; law in full, 397-408; per- sonnel of, 358, 397; and re- sale prices, 69, 83; preventive rather than punitive, 84, 400; trade commissioners, 397. Traffic associations, workings of, 221 note.
TRUE COMPETITION, see COMPE- TITION, TRUE.
TRUSTS, see also CORPORATIONS, combinations and, in Ger many, 368; condemned, even though they have benefited the community, 342; disin- tegration and, 272; have their birth in competition, 105; hypocrisy of those who assail, 47; laws against, 34; logical development, 45: prices and, 51; problem of, 271; the result of competi- tion, 45, 50 note; rights of as against small competitors, 14; segregation versus disin- tegration, 271; shortcomings of, 46; socialism and anti-
trust laws, 4; what to do with, 271.
Turmoil and upheaval, 62. Truth as a labor saving device,
UNFAIR BUYING, see BRUTAL
UNFAIR COMPETITION, see COM- PETITION, UNFAIR; laws of Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, and South Dakota against, 78; practices of, enumerated and condemned, 355- Unfair competitive methods, 67, 69, 80-84, 400, 401; selling be- low cost, 267-270; state laws against, 83; see also Clayton Law, and Trade Commission. United Shoe Machinery Com- pany, Canadian investigation of, 362.
United States and economic progress, 184. U. S. Steel Corporation, 29, 63, 104: integrated industry, 278; safety appliances and, 268 note: Tin Plate Industry and, 208.
U. S. vs. General Electric Com- pany, 68.
U. S. vs. Joint Traffic Associa-
U. S. VS. Trans Missouri Freight Association, 227 note.
VANISHING INDUSTRIES, 232; attitude of biologist towards, 240; illustrations of, 234; neglect of, by government, 239; open-price associations and, 241; suggestions how to help, 236.
Virginia Apple Growers' Asso- ciation, 332.
Virginia Farmers' Association, 332.
Wages, fixing, 51; fixed by unions, 295.
Walnut Growers' Association,
Walsh, C. M., 247 note. War is competition, 23. War, the present, 42. Wealth, our reckless prodigal- ity, 348.
Whitwell vs. Continental To- bacco Co., 77 note. Wisconsin class legislation 327.
Woman and child labor, 32. WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION, a new principle, 180; and pen- sions, laws of different coun- tries. 179.
Young men progressive, old men reactionary, 156.
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