AUTHOR OF QUOTATION WANTED.

I think of thee in the night

When all beside is still,

uppe their offices they leekwise and submitteth themselfs accordinglie wch ceremonies finisshed the Bailives wth the hole co'panie of the Burgess

And the moon comes out with her pale sad light dep'tethe thence and lovinglie goeth to gether to

To sit on the lonely hill,

And the stars are all like dreams,

And the breezes all like sighs,

And there comes a voice from far-off streams
Like thy spirit's low replies.

Replies.

C. V. D.

CHURCHES USED FOR THE ELECTION
OF MUNICIPAL OFFICERS.

(11 S. xii. 360, 404, 430, 470, 511.) GEORGE HILLIER, in his unfinished History and Antiquities of the Isle of Wight,' prints from one of the corporation books of the borough of Newport, Isle of Wight, a record of the ancient usages and old customs of the borough as they were practised in the reign of Elizabeth :

66

"Theis be the auncient usags & olde customes of the Borowgh of Newport wthin ye Isle of Wight dewlie continued fro ye tyme ye memorie of man is not to the contrarie.

Firste, the Use is and hath ben tyme owt of mynde, the Bailives yerely in ye Guilde Hawle of Newport, the thursdaye precdinge ye Sonday next before the Ffeast of Saint Michell tharchangell wth all there Bretherne to assemble to debate matters towchinge good rules and orders of ye towne Untill IX. or tenne of the clock before noone of the same daye Att ye wch hower, they dep'tinge thence forthwth repaireth to the Churche there to yelde and receve ye chardg of the olde officers and Shortlie after to p'cede to ye eleccon of newe govners. And before they attempteth the p'miss they all reverently kneelinge downe upon their knees devoutely calleth upon God that for his Sonne Christe sake he wolde assist them in their newe eleccon to choose suche rulers as maye upprightly whowt affeccon sy've and diligentlic attend their vocation to God's glorie the Prince's honor and como'wealthe of the said Borowgh.

"Itm. Ther prayer and supplicacon to God donne the Use is and hathe ben tyme owt of mynde that the foreman of the xij. sworne in ye Lawday laste before wth ye rest of his Bretherne shall stand forthe unto ye weh ye olde Bailives approcheth neere wth ther cappes and maces yn their handes bare hedded and wth woordes of submiccon rendereth the accompte of their Bailieweeke and wth all reverence yeldeth uppe their authorities maces and other synes therof into ye hands of the foreman above specified according to the maner weh being then authorised by the power aforsaid wth the assistance of the Co'burgs they standing bye dothe give either correction or comendacon unto the officers for ye tyme displaced accordinge to ther deservings ye hole yere p'cedinge. And this donne the old Bailives resumeth their said offices co'dicionally to supplie ye same unto Michelm's daye at noone then next ensuing and the Constables renderith

ye yowng Bailives, howse to dynner and there maketh merrie.

"Itm. After dynner the hole feloshippe of the burgess ye said Bailives absentinge them selffs agayne repaireth to ye Churche incontentlie to consulte and chose newe officers to beare ye state ye yere folowinge dividing them selffes into two companies after the olde usage. They yt hath borne ye cheef office into ye Chauncell as ye higher roome and ye residewe into ye Bodie of ye Churche as ye lower roome. Then dothe ye elder co'panye ley their heddes to gether and after good advise and deliberacon taken, writteth owt two of ye elder co'panies names yn a little Tickett or Scrowle of paper whome they betwene them selfs estemeth moste worthieste to supplic ye Sending hit downe by the Steward sworne to roome of ye Elder Baylive ye yere ensuinge ye yownger companie to ye intent yt every of them sholde sette a seurall note or prycke upon his hedde whom they thowght moste worthiest for ministringe of Justice to be advaunced to ye hedde ar moste notes or prickes supplieth ye roome of ye Elder Baylie And he uppon whos chefe office and ys Eldest Baylive for yt yere folowing. Immediatlie after ye Elder companie chooseth the younger Bailive to associate ye elder in gou'me't of the Bailiwecke by voyces onlye and not by notes or prickes as is aforesaide. This Eleccon fullie accomplisshed the use is and hathe ben tyme owt of mynde ye olde officers and there bretherne to bringe home ye newe officers to there howses in ye order folowinge. That is weete The Sergeants goinge before wth there maces ye elder olde baylie goinge on ye right hand accompanied wth ye elder newe Baylive in ye left syde And ye olde, young baylie in the right of his felowe ye newe younger baylive wth ye Constables in leeke manner and all the Burgess folowing copples in their degree, and there maketh shortte drinckings as wth a peare or proyne or suche other leeke."

Further on in the same document we have another example of the use of the church for other than religious purposes :

"Itm. The use is and hathe bin tyme owt of mynde the Churchwardens to make the Churche accompte before the Baylives Burgess and other p'ishioners yerelie assembled in the Churche at after noone the Sondaye after Alhallow daye."

There is a great deal of evidence from various sources that churches in mediæval times were used for all sorts of secular purposes.

Hillier says at p. 25 of his account of the borough of Newport in his work before referred to:

at this period [that is, the reign of Elizabeth]
"With the stage players who visited Newport
the dealings of the authorities were regulated
by the character of the times. There is mention of
their being permitted to perform in the church,
the kingdom."
as was then frequently the case in other parts of
WM. SELF WEEKS.

Westwood, Clitheroe.

"Straits-born, born in the Straits Settlements. 'Straitsman, (a) a ship suitable for the Straits; (b) Australian....(J. L. Stokes, "Discov.," 1846). Straitsmen is the name by which those who inhabit the eastern and western entrance of Bass Strait are known.'

"1799. Hull Advertiser.—' The good brigantine Lady Bruce....would make an excellent coaster or streightsman.'

This I take to refer to the Straits of Dover.
"1686. T. Hale, 'Acc. New Invent.'-1691 [sic]
- a good Streights sheathing and not above half
so much as an East-India sheathing.'

This may relate to the Straits of Malacca,
but the following examples certainly do:
"1693. Luttrell, 'Brief Relation': The
Streights fleet and their convoy' (Ibid.). "The
Dutch Streights and West India fleets
arrived.'

are

to see them shortly. I thought requisite to send a vessell to informe the King and Duke thus much of us, and your Grace, noe person in the world being a truer and thankfuller servant of your Grace's than, &c. SANDWICH.

The Hector is unfortunately sunke, and the Captain and most of her men drowned; only 25 saved. The Captain carried himself exceedingly well; helped to take the Vice-admirall of the her, and went on to engage the men of warre East Indies, and only putt some men on board Capt. Con (Capt. of the Mary) is hurt ill in the foote with a great shott.

I have copied this letter from Lord Braybrooke's edition of 'The Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys,' 1890, vol. iv. p. 251. Lord Sandwich appends a table of the men-of-war and merchantmen captured on Sept. 3 and 4, with the names of their captors. From this we learn that & mercht. man from the Straights was captured by the ship Guinea, and that. "another Streights mercht. soe engaged [by the Ruby] that they sett her on fire.

In the Life of Lord Clarendon' by himself it is stated that this fleet of merchantmen had been met on its way to Holland by Admiral de Ruyter's squadron, which was convoying it home, or ought to have been "; but, as several of the vessels were proceeding to different destinations, the company had got scattered, with the result that Lord Sandwich in two encounters captured 8 of the larger ships, 2 East Indiamen, and some 20 of the smaller craft.

The significance of the Dutch colonies in the East Indies is thus commented on by Clarendon :

"where they [the Dutch] had planted themselves in great and strong towns, and had many harbours well fortified, in which they constantly maintained a great number of good and strong ships, by which they were absolute masters of and princes to enter into such terms of amity with those seas, and forced the neighbouring kings them as they thought fit to require."- Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon, and a Continuation of his History of the Grand Rebellion,' vol. ii. p. 53, Oxford, 1857.

The "large Straitsman mentioned in W. Hickey's Memoirs was evidently a vessel hailing from the Orient.

Lloyd's, Royal Exchange.

N. W. HILL.

May it please your Grace,Since I putt last to sea on Thursday last, wee had a storme of winde att N.N.W., which God be thanked, did us noe other damage than spoiling the masts of the Diamond, sent into Harwich, and 40 barrels of the Soveraigne's powder. Separated very few [of] us, though the same upon A "Straitsman was a sailing vessel the coast of Norway much dispersed the Dutch, trading (1) through the Straits of Gibraltar some of which were light uppon on the 3rd of and up the Mediterranean ; (2) to the Sept. Tooke 2 of their East India men, a Straits Settlements; Straights man, a Malaya man, and 4 men of warre; Straits of Magellan, round Cape Horn. or (3) through the 3 of them of 50 guns and one of 40 guns, and The some other small vessells. I have intelligence last is sometimes called ล Horner the greatest parte of their fleet is about the amongst sailors. J. W. FAWCETT. Walbanck, whither I am now plying and hope Consett, co. Durham.

Warwick, Tuesday, April 1, 1845. Thomas Hall, alias Thomas Rollins, a poor man not possessed of a farthing, or a farthing's worth, in the world, aged 35, was indicted for having, on the 18th of April, 1830, at the parish of Northleach, in the county Glocester, taken for his wife Mary Ann Nicholls, and afterwards, on the 15th of February, 1840, at the parish of Hampden-inArden, in this county, married and taken to wife Maria Hadley, his former wife being then alive, contra formam. The offence was clearly proved,

but he stated that within a year or two of his
marriage with Mary Ann, she robbed him, and

sallied forth with the child, and he had never since
seen either, though he had at the time obtained
a special warrant for her apprehension, armed
with which he proceeded to the region of her
seclusion or retirement, where he got sadly handle }
by ruffians, and was made heartily glad to make
the best of his way home to save his life, leaving
his baggage in his precipitate departure from that
The substance of this, or at
profligate retreat.
least much of it, he elicited from the witnesses for
the prosecution. He had, however, represented
to Maria that he had never entered into the holy
state, and she had given birth to two children by
him. He was of course, under these circum-
stances, convicted, and

99 LICK INTO SHAPE : "LAMBENDO EFFINGERE" (12 S. v. 69).-The Greek equivalent or equivalents are to be seen in Ælian's De Natura Animalium,' ii. 19 and vi. 3. In the former passage, after saying that the bear gives birth to a formless lump of flesh, he proceeds: dè ÿdŋ pɩλeî kai yvwpícei τέκνον, καὶ ὑπὸ τοῖς μηροῖς θάλπει, καὶ λεαίνει τη γλώττῃ, καὶ ἐκτυποι εἰς ἄρθρα, καὶ μέντοι καὶ κατὰ μικρὰ ἐκμορφοι.

At the second

reference his expression is Tη yλTTY diappoî aνтyv (sc. σáрка ἄσημον), καὶ οἱονεὶ δια

πλάττει.

Aristotle, 'De Animalibus Hist.,' vi. 29 (34), says that fox-cubs are even more shapeless at their birth than young bears,

and that their mother warms them thoroughly by licking them with her tongue and matures them (Tŷ yλÚTTη deixovoa ἐκθερμαίνει καὶ συμπέττει).

Pliny, 'Nat. Hist.,' viii. 36 (54), 126, rant uses the words "lambendo paulatim figu when he describes the process of licking bear-cubs into shape.

EDWARD BENSLY. University College, Aberystwyth.

subject:

Historical Description of Westminster Abbey, its Monuments and Curiosities. London: Printed for A. K. Newman & Co. 1834. Price Two Shillings.

Mr. Justice Maule, in passing sentence, said, that it did appear that he had been hardly used. It was hard for him to be so used, and not be able to have another wife to live with him, when the former had gone off to live in an improper state with another man. But the law was the same for him as it was for a rich man, and was equally open fro him, through its aid, to afford relief; but, as BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EPITAPHS (12 S. v. 68). the rich man would have done, he also should have-The undernoted publications can be addod pursued the proper means pointed out by law to the list of works which deal with this whereby to obtain redress of his grievances. He should have brought an action against the man who was living in the way stated with his wife, and he should have obtained damages, and then should have gone to the Ecclesiastical Court and obtained a divorce, which would have done what seemed to have been done already, and then he should have gone to the House of Lords, and, proving all his case and the preliminary proceedings, have obtained a full and complete divorce, after which he might, if he liked it, have married again. The prisoner might perhaps object to this that he had not the money to pay the expenses, which would amount to about 5001. or 6001.-perhaps he had not so many pence-but this did not exempt him from paying the penalty for committing a felony, of which he had been convicted. His Lordship might, perhaps, have visited the crime more lightly if the prisoner had not misrepresented himself as a bachelor to Maria Hadley, and so deceived her. If he had told her the circumstances, and said, "Now I'll marry you if you like to take the chance," &c.; but this he had not done, and thus he had induced her to

A History of the Church and Parish of St. Martin (Carfax), Oxford. By the Rev. Carteret J. H. Fletcher, M.A., late Rector. This work was published in 1896, soon after the demolition of the church. The tower is still standing.

The Churches of Whitehaven Rural Deanery. By the Rev. Cæsar Caine, Vicar of Cleator.-A most useful and interesting publication. Would that other rural deaneries would issue somewhat similar volumes.

Adel and its Norman Church. By the Rev. W. H. Draper, Vicar of the parish. Leeds: Richard Jackson, Commercial Street. 1909.

Fulham, Old and New. 3 vols. By Charles James Fèret. 1900.

A New Select Collection of Epitaphs. London: Printed for S. Bladon, No. 16, Pater-Noster Row.

MDCCLXXV.

CRAGGS AND NICHOLSON FAMILIES (12 S. iv. 220, 310; v. 21).—I find from the Kendal parish registers that Edward Nicholson and Margaret Cragg (not Craggs), both of Kendal, were married at Underbarrow on Nov. 18, 1739. If the person who made the entry wrote the bride's name correctly, then she was not a member of the Craggs family. The Cragg family was distinct from the Craggs family. The former is a yeoman family indigenous to Cumberland and Westmorland; the latter is not. The arms of the Cragg family were: a fo se between three mullets in chief, and as many i

"TROUNCER" (12 S. iv. 101, 198, 229).The death of the RIGHT HON. G. W. ERSKINE RUSSELL (see ante, p. 84) will lend additional interest to the following extract from a letter which he wrote me in August last anent this much-discussed word :—

SUBMARINES (12 S. iii. 356, 397; iv. 112). -Wang Kia, a T&oist priest of China "I take it that the verb to trounce' has long (4th century A.D.), in his Shi-i-ki,' lib. iv., since lost its original significance if indeed I was when referring to the reign of Shi-Hwang-timent of flogging at the cart's tail was abolished. correctly informed about it. When the punishof the Ts'in dynasty (221-210 B.C.), says: no doubt the verb in that technical sense went out of use. But it has survived as meaning any severe punishment, e.g.. a lady who had been uncivilly treated by the man who was showing