the following:-"That a letter be written to Colonel Horton and the rest of the Commissioners in South Wales for the money there, to let them know that information was given to the Council that £10,000 of the composition of South Wales was ready at Bristol, whereupon deputies and a waggon were sent to Bristol to bring it away; to desire them to hasten the payment of it, in regard it is very much wanted here, and the carriage stays there for the bringing the money away."2

In this want of money to pay their troops it seems to me viewing the question at this distance of time that it was the duty of the Parliament to have acted upon the advice of Ireton when he refused the £2000 per annum which they settled on him, and to have "paid their just debts before they made such presents.' Nevertheless on the very day after that on which the Council of State made those rules as to the soldiers' arrears by which they declared they could or would pay only a small fraction of them, namely, on the 3rd of July, the Parliament settled "lands of inheritance of the clear yearly value of £1000 upon Colonel Henry Marten in consideration of several great sums of money disbursed by him and of the arrears due to him as a colonel." I do not remember to have met with any record or any notice whatever of any military service performed by Henry Marten. But the rewards of services given by parliaments were somewhat strangely proportioned. On the 27th of March of that year the Parliament ordered "that £300 per annum land of inheritance be settled upon Major General Lambert and his heirs for ever in respect of his many great and eminent

1 Order Book of the Council of State, 10th April, 1649. MS. State Paper Office.

2 Order Book of the Council of State,

11th April, 1649.

3 Commons' Journals, Die Martis, 3 Julii, 1649.

services." 1 There is record enough of the great military services of Lambert, but as they are estimated by the Parliament as bearing to the services of Marten the proportion of three to ten, we may thence form some idea of the parliamentary scale of merit. And this will tend to make us feel little surprise that when certain men saw that their chief portion had been hard blows while the Parliament-men had sat comfortably and voted themselves good estates, it should occur to the men of hard blows to say"Let us pull those talking fellows out by the ears."

On the 3rd of July the Council of State made an order, "That the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Sir William Masham, Sir William Armyn, and Sir Henry Vane, do go forth and confer with the Commissioners of the Excise concerning the advancing of the £150,000, and that they do acquaint them with the necessity of having present money for the public service." On the same day it was ordered

» 2

"That a warrant be issued to the treasurer for deans' and chapters' lands to pay to the Treasurers at War the sum of £30,000 out of their receipts, saving the third part appointed for the use of the navy;" and "that a warrant be issued to the Treasurers at War to send £30,000 unto the head-quarters of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland." 3

On the 4th of July the following warrant, the last clause of which directing "that the great shot be first delivered, that it may serve for ballast to the ships," is particularly deserving of attention, was issued by the Council of State to the officers of the Tower :

"These are to will and require you upon sight hereof Paper Office.

1 Commons' Journals, Die Martis, 27 Martii, 1649.

2 Order Book of the Council of State, 3rd July, 1649. MS. State

3 Order Book of the Council of State, 3rd July, 1649. MS. State Paper

Office.

to deliver unto Captain Edward Tomlyns, Comptroller of the Train for Ireland, the arms and ammunition hereunder expressed (which we are informed by certificate from Captain Vernon to be now in the Tower) to be by him presently shipped away for Ireland: and that the great shot be first delivered, that it may serve for ballast to the ships; of which you are not to fail and for which this shall be your warrant. Given at the Council of State at Whitehall, this 4th of July 1649.

On the 10th of July the Council made the following minute respecting the raising of certain regiments of volunteers :-"That, to the end the regiments of foot in the several garrisons may be free to take the field when there is occasion, the Council of State do give commissions for raising such regiments of volunteers near the said garrisons as they shall find necessary; which additional forces are not to expect pay but when they are employed in service,

1 Qy. barrels.

2 Order Book of the Council of

State, 4th July, 1649. MS. State
Paper Office.

and are to be in readiness to join with the marching forces or be put into garrisons as the Lord General shall think fit and shall be ordered from time to time by the Parliament in Council of State."1

On the evening of that same day, the 10th of July, 1649, about five o'clock, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, after prayers for the success of his expedition by three ministers, and an exposition of the Scriptures by himself, Goff, and Harrison in the presence of a large assemblage at Whitehall, set out on his journey to Ireland by the way of Windsor and Bristol. Seven years had made a transformation like that in an ancient fable or Arabian tale upon the rustic if not clownish Member for the town of Cambridge, the Huntingdon brewer, and St. Ives and Ely gentleman farmer. He now began his journey amid the acclamations of an immense concourse of spectators "in that state and equipage," says a contemporary journal, "as the like hath hardly been seen. Himself in a coach with six gallant Flanders mares, whitish grey, divers coaches accompanying him, and very many great officers of the army; his lifeguard, consisting of eighty gallant men, the meanest whereof a commander or esquire; in stately habit, and many of them colonels, with trumpets sounding almost to the shaking of Charing Cross had it been now standing. The Lord Lieutenant's colours are white."2

The ordinary strength of a regiment of foot appears to have been 10 companies of 100 each, and of a regiment of horse 10 troops of 80 each. On the 10th of July an order was made "That there be added to the present

1 Order Book of the Council of State, 10th July, 1649. MS. State Paper Office.

2 Mod. Intel. July 5-12, 1649, in Cromwelliana, p. 62.

establishment of the army, when the Council of State shall see necessary to make up the regiments of foot 1200 the several single companies 120, and the troops of horse 100, and for such time only as the Council of State shall find the safety of the Commonwealth to necessitate the same."1

On the 12th of July the Council of State made the following order :-"In pursuance of the order of the House it is this day ordered that the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland shall be allowed from the day of the date of his patent the sum of £10 per diem as General of the forces of Ireland during the time that he shall continue in England; and that from the time he arrives in Ireland he shall have and receive as General of the said forces of Ireland the sum of £2000 each quarter, which is not understood to be in order to any salary or emolument which he ought by this patent to receive as Lord Lieutanant of Ireland; and shall have £3000 immediately for transportation and furnishing himself with provisions of stuff and for such like charges." 2

On the 18th of July the Council ordered a letter to be written to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland to inform him that for supply of the £100,000 desired by him, £30,000 were to be sent from the Excise in the beginning of the next week; and that it had been proposed to the Council that the £70,000 may be had out of the deans' and chapters' lands, and that no money shall be paid to the navy till the whole of that £70,000 be paid, "if his

1 Order Book of the Council of State, 10th July, 1649. MS. State Paper Office.

2 Order Book of the Council of State, 12th July, 1649. MS. State Paper Office. On the same day was made the following order: "That so many

of the horses bought for the train of artillery for the service of Ireland as cannot be grazed in Marrowbone [sic] Park be put into Hide Park, there to be grazed until they be ordered to march to the waterside."