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must be tolerated in this country, and that no monks, jesuits, and the like papistical persons (who at that time in particular vere suspected of endeavouring to subvert the inhabitants of the country from the established religion) must, at the forfeit of their lives come into his majesty's land and dominions, aud that those who knowingly housed or afforded them place to exercise their Roman catholic rites, were to be punished like those that house and harbour outlaws.

As an exception from the above general law against the exercise of foreign religions, it was permitted (6th b. 1-5) that foreign ministers who resided here, and were acknowledged as such at his majesty's court, and confessed a foreign religion, were allowed free exercise of religion in their own houses, for them and their attendants, however with this proviso that no sermon must be preached but in their own language, and that their priests must not preach, distribute the sacrament, or undertake any other office belonging to their religion, to other persons than to the foreign ministers and their attendants, though other persons who might wish to partake in divine service were of the same confession.

Before the publication of the law of Christian Vth a special bill, dated the 26th of September 1671, permits the French ambassador, Chevalier Terlon, to build a place or residence with a church or chapel, in which he and his successors were granted a free and undisturbed exercise of their religion; thus he was also permitted to purchase a burying ground to the chapel. Later, the Austrian imperial minister was also granted the right to establish a Roman catholic chapel in Copenhagen, together with a burying ground, both under the imperial protection.

The above stated determination of the law, b. 6, chap. 1, art. 5, asserting how far the ambassadors of foreign religions residing here, were permitted to suffer their clergymen to keep divine service in this country, having been

mitigated by special allowance, and in fact not exactly adhered to, was at length, by the bill, dated September 19th, 1766, art. 11th, particularly with regard to the confessors of the Roman catholic religion, thus altered: That the priests belonging to the foreign ministers of the Roman catholic religion were permitted to preach, distribute the sacrament, baptize, join in wedlock, in short, perform any divine service for Roman catholic persons, who prove either that they be born by (of) Roman catholic parents, or as catholics settled in this country; but at the same time they were prohibited to perform divine service to other persons than the above mentioned, under penalty of being, for such transgression, and after pre'vious agreement with the ambassador, immediately turned out of the country. The said punishment is fixed for such Roman catholic priests who shall be found to persuade or receive any inhabitant and confessor of the established religion of the country, either to instruction or confession; and if it be another Roman catholic of the king's subjects who renders himself guilty of such transgression, he is to be punished by imprisonment for a certain number of years, according to the circumstance of the case; to which is added, that this punishment shall be executed, even though the person in question voluntarily applied in order to be made a Roman catholic. No jesuit can be suffered as a Roman catholic priest.

The determinations of the law, however, are so far still in virtue, or full power, as that the confessors of the Roman catholic religion be not allowed to exercise any public divine service, or performance of rites, except at such places to which such privileges as above mentioned, are already granted; thus it also follows of course, that the Roman catholic church, as tolerated only, not like the general established church of the country, can be supported by public taxes; the Roman catholics, on the contrary, must contribute to the support of the church of the

state, by paying certain per cents of their landed property, if they be in possession of any, and if they live in cities or towns, by paying the usual fees to the clergy of the parish.

Equally, as well as prohibitions have been made, and punishment fixed upon, for those persons who pass over to the Roman catholic religion; thus the 6th Chap. b. I. art. 1. fix, a certain punishment for such persons, who embrace this religion. For it is there stated that nobody (whoever he or she may be) being convicted of having turned apostate to the Roman catholic religion, can take possession of any inheritance, which, on the contrary, is to devolve on his or her nearest relations or heirs; but in case he or she took possession of his or her inheritance, before he or she changed his or her religion, he or she may keep it, being however obliged to leave his majesty's dominions.

Though this law, according to the sense of the common expression, «< nobody, whoever he be,» might seem to concern every body who from any other religion turned a confessor of the Roman catholic, still it can reasonably be applied but on those who turn from the established religion to that of the Roman catholic, which is evident from the expression of the legislator, « apostate; » a contrary supposition would imply, that a jew, for instance, who embraced the Roman catholic religion ought to be punished, notwithstandig by turning a Roman catholic he approached the religion of the country more than he did before. That the legislature mode use of this general expression is owing to a law of King Christian IV, in which, instead of the above expression, are used the words: nobody, neither noble nor ignoble.

Besides this prohibition against apostatizing to the Roman catholic religion, it is further ordained by a law. dated Sept, 19, 1766. art. 10th, that in case any Lutheran settled in his Majesty's dominions, happens to travel

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out of the country, and abroad turn Roman catholic, he is prohibited from ever entering into the king's states; and those who already have embraced the Roman catholic religion, and are returned, are to appear before the Lutheran rector in whose parish he resides, in order to receive instructions from him.

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With regard to the right of a Roman catholic of entering into the married state in this country, the law of 6th of March 1813, ought first to be attended to. According to this law, every clergyman of a foreign religion, residing in this country, is prohibited to officiate at, or undertake any wedding with legal authority, without having acquired a special licence, through the Danish inn of chancery, to which department the said Clergy are to send in a full statement of the names, conditions, and religion of the persons concerned.

The same law ordains, that every clergyman of foreign religion (consequently those of the Roman catholic too) are yearly to send in an exact list of the persons belonging to their community, as well grown people as children.

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When marriage takes place between two persons confessing the Roman catholic religion, the law, dated Sept. 19, 1766, art. 5, ordains that the childern may be ininstructed in the religion of their parents, whose duty however it is, before the police master or magistrate, and in case the father be a military person, before the commander of the regiment to which he belongs, to state in what place, and by whom they are instructed, in order that full information may be obtained, if necessary. But if a Roman catholic enters into marriage with a Lutheran, not only the ceremony of wedding is to be performed by a Lutheran clergyman, but all the childern are also to be baptized by a Lutheran clergyman; and according to the law of 6th of Sept. 1690, 22d of Oct. 1701, 13th of May 1728, and other laws to this purpose,

the children are to be educated in the Lutheran religion : to this the Roman catholic, by virtue of the law dated 13th of May 1720, is to bind and oblige himself by writing, before the nuptials are allowed to take place; not only the magistrate, but even the landlords of houses, and all civil officers, are charged with the duest attention to, (this) that the childern who are born in mixed marriages, be educated in the Lutheran religion; in the like manner the law, dated 19th of Sept. 1766, b. 7, ordains that such children, though they already may have frequented Roman catholic schools, and portaken of our Lord's supper under an officiating Roman catholic priest, still they are to be educated in the Lutheran religion, though they may have obtained (attained) an age of 17 years; in case of a refusal to submit to the law, they are severely to be punished. When marriage is contracted between a Roman catholic and a person of a religion tolerated in the country, the wedding is to be performed by the clergyman to whose parish the bride belongs (vid. law 16th Dec. 1791); and with regard to the children it undoubtedly ought to be left to the parents to agree about in which religion they are to be educated; but where no such agreement is made, the sons are supposed to be educated in the religion of their father, in the same manner as the daughters in that of their mother.

In the 6th book, 1st chapter 2d art. of the law, it is ordered, that none who has studied at a school or university belonging to the jesuits, must be trusted with any office either in the schools or churches; and an other law, dated 24th of May 1813, as well as (one of) 29th of July 1814, concerning the public country schools, have ordained, that nobody who does not confess the protestantical christian religion may be admitted as patron for public schools in the country.

According to the regulations for the university, dated 7th of May 1788, chap. 1. art. 15. the professors ought

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