had been kept awake for 90 consecutive hours, during which time careful experimental tests were made of his physical and mental condition, and the results were reported in detail. Among the more interesting of these results were, continuous increase in weight, relatively slight loss of muscular strength, the production of visual hallucinations, and the sudden disappearance of all symptoms after only 10 hours of sleep-about 25 per cent. of that which had been lost.

Prof. Wesley Mills, of McGill University, Montreal, announced his intention of contributing at the next meeting of the Association further researches on the psychic development of young animals and its physical correlations.

Prof. Lightner Witmer, of the University of Pennsylvania, read a paper on "Variations in the Patellar Reflex as an Aid in Mental Analysis. Dr. Witmer described the apparatus and the method used to determine, 1st, The extent of the normal jerk; 2d, the increment due to the synergic activity of the cortical processes concerned in sensation, thoughts, etc. His results he regarded as tentative only; they appeared, however, to show (1) that sensation or thought processes which did not directly tend to produce movement had little effect upon the knee jerk; (2) that all processes which tended to produce muscular contraction in any part of the body tended to increase the knee jerk ; (3) that this increase was quite as marked in the case of the thought of a movement as in that of the movement itself.

Prof. James H. Hyslop, of Columbia, reported a series of experiments on hallucinations induced by a crystal. He did not attempt to give any explanation of the phenomena, but pointed out that in two cases the phantasms possibly indicated some unknown method of acquiring information.

Prof. W. R. Newbold narrated informally three cases vaguely described as "Dream Reasoning," which had occurred in the experience of two of his colleagues. Dr. W. A. Lamberton, Professor of Greek in the University of Pennsylvania, when a young man, after giving up as insoluble a problem in descriptive geometry upon which he had been working for weeks by the analytical method, awoke one morning several days later to find an hallucinatory figure projected upon a blackboard in his room with all the lines necessary to a geometrical solution of the problem clearly drawn. He has never had any other visual hallucination. Dr. H. V. Hilprecht, Professor of Assyriology in the University of Pennsylvania, some years ago dreamed an interpretation of the name Nebuchadnezzar which has since been universally adopted. At a later period he dreamed that an Assyrian priest

gave him information about some inscribed fragments that had puzzled him which was afterwards confirmed in all points now capable of confirmation. Dr. Newbold offered a psychological explanatiou of these curious cases.

Prof. G. S. Fullerton, of the University of Pennsylvania, was elected President, and Dr. Livingston Farrand, of Columbia, Secretary, for the ensuing year.

Among the members present, besides those already mentioned, were Mr. Henry Rutgers Marshall, of New York; Prof. N. S. Gardiner, of Smith College; Dr. H. C. Warren, of Princeton; Prof. E. S. Sanford, of Clarke University; Prof. E. H. Griffen, of Johns Hopkins; Prof. J. C. Creighton, of Cornell; Prof. James Seth, of Brown, and Dr. Warner Fite, of Williams' College.-W. R. N.

The Cat's Funeral.-Every one has observed instances of affection between those proverbially hostile animals, the dog and the cat, but a case cited by l'Eleveur merits especial attention. A dog and a cat belonging to the same master were the best friends in the world, and spent their time in frolicking together. One day, while playing as usual, the cat died suddenly, falling at the dog's feet. The latter, at first, did not realize what had happened, but continued his play, pulling, pushing and caressing his companion, but with evident astonishment at her inertness. After some time he appeared to understand the situation, and his grief found vent in prolonged howls. Presently he was seized with the idea of burying the cat. He pulled her into the garden, where he soon dug a hole with his paws, and put in it the body of his former companion. He then refilled the hole with dirt, and, stretching himself out on the grave, resumed his mournful howling. The idea of burying the dead cat was extraordinary. Whence came the thought? Could it be imitation, or, which is a better explanation, did the dog have a vague idea of concealing the event which might possibly be imputed to him. But then it would seem unreasonable for him to call attention to the fact, by installing himself on the grave and howling. However, even human criminals are sometimes equally inconsistent. It is difficult to form an exact idea of what gave rise to the dog's conduct in this case. (Revue Scientific Juillet, 1895).-E.

D.C.

PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES.

American Academy of Arts and Sciences.-The 11th of December. The following papers were read: On the temperature of the crust of the earth at great depths. By Messrs. Alexander Agassiz and P. C. F. West. Palestine in the fifteenth century B. C. according to recent discoveries. By Professor Crawford H. Troy.

Boston Society of Natural History.-December 4th.-The following paper was read: Mr. L. S. Griswold, "The San Francisco Mountains and the Grand Canyon."

December 18th.-The following paper was read. Prof. G. Frederick Wright, "The present status of glacial man in America." The subject. of Professor Wright's paper was discussed by Prof. F. W. Putman, Prof. H. W. Haynes, and others.

January 1st, 1896.-The following papers were read: Mr. A. W. Grabau, "Lake Bouvé, a glacial lake in the Boston Basin; " Prof. W. O. Crosby, "Glacial lakes in the valleys of the Neponset and Charles Rivers; and the Post-tertiary history of the Nashua Valley.-SAMUEL HENSHAW, Secretary.

January 15th.--The following paper was read: Mr. William Brewster, Notes on the Natural History of Trinidad. Stereopticon views were shown.-SAMUEL HENSHAW, Secretary.

New York Academy of Sciences, Section of Biology.-December 9, 1895.-The following papers were presented: Prof. C. L. Bristol, "The Classification of Nephelis in the United States." The study of abundant material, collected from Maine to South Dakota, has shown that the color characters cannot be depended upon for specific determination. An examination of the metameral relations of this leech indicate that not more than a single species occurs in this country. Prof. F. H. Osborn, "Titanotheres of the American Museum of Natural History." The complete skeleton of Titanotherium robustum is remarkable in possessing but twenty dorso-lumbar vertebræ, number identical with that typical of the Artiodactyla, but entirely unique among Perissodactyla. It is now appears probable that the development of horns in the Titanotheres became a purely sexual character, and that the genera Titanops, Marsh and Brontops, Marsh, are founded respectively upon male and female individuals of Titanotherium robustum. Dr. J. L. Wortman, "The expedition of 1895 of the Amer

a

ican Museum of Natural History." The Expedition passed into the Uinta beds of N. E. Utah, then between the Eastern escarpment of the Uinta range and the Green River into the Washakie Beds of S. W. Wyoming, the most important result geologically being that the Brown Park deposit is found to be of much later age then the Uinta.— BASHFORD DEAN, Recording Secretary.

American Philosophical Society. The following communications were read: "The Use of Photography for the Detection of Differences in Chemical Composition, in Age, and in Fluidity of Inks," Prof. S. P. Sharples. "Some Observations on the Forgery of a Mark," and "Detection of a Forgery in the Fraudulent Use of a Signature Stamp," Dr. Persifor Frazer.

Academy of Natural Sciences.-Philadelphia, December 31st. -The following officers were elected: President, Samuel G. Dixon, M. D.; Vice-Presidents, Thomas Meehan, Rev. Henry C. McCook, D. D.; Recording Secretary, Edward J. Nolan, M. D.; Corresponding Secretary, Benjamin Sharp, M. D.; Treasurer, George Vaux, Jr.; Librarian, Edward J. Nolan, M. D.; Curators, Henry A. Pilsbry, Henry C. Chapman, M. D., Arthur Erwin Brown, Samuel G. Dixon, M. D.; Councillors to Serve Three Years, Uselma C. Smith, William Sellers, Charles E. Smith, John Cadwalader; Finance Committee, Charles Morris, Chas. E. Smith, Uselma C. Smith, William Sellers, Charles P. Perot; Council, Isaac J. Wistar.

The American Morphological Society held its annual meeting at the University of Pennsylvania, Dec. 26, 27, and 28, 1895. The stated business of the first session was the Report of the Committee of Affiliation with the American Society of Naturalists. After considering this report the Society voted against affiliation. The following were elected to membership: C. J. Herrick, Denison University, Granville, Ohio; E. G. Conklin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.; F. R. Lillie, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. ; F. C. Kenyon, Clark University, Worcester, Mass.; T. H. Montgomery, Jr., West Chester, Penna.; J. L. Kellogg, Olivet College, Olivet, Mich.; J. I. Peck, Williams College, Williamstown, Mass.; and A. D. Meade, Providence, R. I.

At the second session, December 27, the following papers were read and discussed: "Panplasm," by Prof. C. S. Minot; "The History of the Centrosome in Thalassema," by Mr. B. B. Griffin; "The Centrosome in its Relation to Fixing and Staining Agents," by Prof. E. B. Wilson; The Production of Artificial Archoplasmic Centers," by Prof.

T. H. Morgan; "Cell Size and Body Size," by Prof. E. G. Conklin; "The Development of Isolated Bastomeres of the Egg of Amphioxus," by Prof. T. H. Morgan; and "On the Smallest Part of Stentor Capable of Regeneration," by F. R. Lillie (read by the Secretary). The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President, Prof E. L. Mark, Harvard University; Vice-President, Prof. H. F. Osborn, Columbia College; Secretary and Treasurer, Dr. G. H. Parker, Harvard University. Members of the Executive Committee elected from the Society at large, Prof. E. G. Conklin, University of Pennsylvania, and Prof. W. Patten, Dartmouth College.

At the third session, December 28, the following papers were read and discussed: "Gastrulation of Teleosts," by Dr. Bashford Dean ; "Pigment Changes in the Eye of Palamonetes," by Dr. G. H. Parker" "Reaction of Metridium to Food and other Substances," by Dr. G. H. Parker; "Some Points in the Anatomy of Anoplocephaline Cestodes," by Dr. C. W. Stiles; and "Development of Cassiopea from Buds," by Dr. R. P. Bigelow. After passing resolutions of thanks to the University of Pennsylvania, the American Philosophical, Society, and the Philadelphia Local Committee, the Society adjourned sine die.

The American Society of Naturalists,-Met in the Hall of Department of Arts and Sciences of the University of Pennsylvania, on Thursday December 26th and Friday, December 27th, 1895. Thursday, Dec. 26th, 2 P. M. I. Reports of Committees. II. Special Reports. III. Recommendation of new members. IV. Address by the President, E. D. Cope.The Formulation of the Natural Sciences." V. Special Papers, Prof. B. Wilder on the teaching of Comparative Anatomy. 8 P. M. Illustrated Lecture at the Hall of the Academy of Natural Sciences, by Professor W. B. Scott, of Princeton University, on "The American Tertiary Lakes and their Mammalian Faunas." 9 P. M. Reception to all the Societies given by Professor Horace Jayne, at his house on the S. E. corner of 19th and Chestnut Streets. Friday, December 27th, 9 A. M. The following new members were elected: Professor C. L. Bristol, Dr. F. C. Kenyon, Dr. W. E. Rotzell, L. O. Howard, Professor John Dewey, G. H. Girtz, Dr. A. D. Mead, Professor G. S. Fullerton, Professor J. McK. Cattell, Professor G. T. Ladd, Reid Hunt, Professor William James, Dr. F. Baker, Dr. G. E. Stone, Professor J. M. Baldwin, Dr. T. S. Palmer, George Lefever,

The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President, Prof. Wm. B. Scott, of Princeton College; Vice-Presidents, Prof. Wm. G. Farlow, of Harvard; Prof. C. O. Whitman, of Chicago University; Dr. Theodore Gill, of the Smithsonian Institution; Secretary, Dr. H.