[CHRISTIAN SETTLEMENTS IN WESTERN SCOTLAND.] hibent, relicto errore idolatriæ, fidem veritatis acceperant, prædicante eis verbum Nynia Episcopo &c. . . . Venit autem Brittaniam Columba, regnante Pictis Bridio filio Meilochon, rege potentissimo, nono anno regni ejus, gentemque illam verbo et exemplo ad fidem Christi convertit: unde et præfatam insulam [Hy] ab eis a in possessionem monasterii faciendi accepit b. [M. H. B. 175, 176; and in W., IV. 713, 714.] The Ann. Tigb., a. 574, record the death of Conaill Mac Comgaill King of Dalriada, who in the 13th year of his reign "oferavit insolam Ia Columcille." So also nearly all the Irish Annals. It may well have been the case, as Hussey (ad loc. Bad.) and others suggest, that both kings laid claim to the island; but in any case the Christian king, i.e. Conaill, must have been the original donor in A.D. 563. See however, Reeves ad Adamn. p. 435, and also Skene, Pref. to Chron. p. cxi. b See also Adamnan in V. S. Columb., I. I, III. 4. For S. Columba's Irish acts and foundations, see under the Irish Church; and for the details of his Pictish mission, Adamnan, I. 38, II. 33-38, &c. [A series of Christian settlements, mostly in Western Scotland, sprang from or followed S. Columba's mission to Hy. See also below in App. D, note b. A.D. 563 × 597. 1. S. Mochonna or Machar, a Bishop, one of S. Columba's Irish companions, to Aberdeen (Brev. Aberdon., Prop. SS. P. Estiv. f. cliv.-clvii.). A.D. 592. 2. S. Cormac the Navigator, either one of S. Columba's 3. S. Ernan, in the isle of Himba or Hinba. 8. S. Moluag, at Lismore in Argyll (Ann. About A.D. 600. 9. S. Congan (possibly eighth century), at Before A.D.617. 10. A.D. 671. All disciples of S. Columba : v. Adamn., I. 31, 36, 45, II. 15, 17, III. 8, 17. Distinct from S. see vol. I. p. 121, first note c. Lochalsh in N. Argyll (Brev. Aberd., Prop. SS. P. Est. fol. cxxvi.). S. Donnan, in Egg (martyred A.D. 617). j At Kingarth in Bute, with (at first) episcopal abbats (Ann. Tigh., Ult., a. 660, 689 [Bishops], 737, 790 [merely abbats]; Ann. IV. Mag., &c.: see Reeves's Adamnan, Add. Notes, pp. 375, 377, 385-387). 12. S. Maelrubha, at Applecross (see Ann. Tigh., a. 737; Ann. Ult., a. 802; Reeves's S. Maelrubha (Edinb. 1861); and above in vol. I. p. 125).] [MISSION OF BISHOP AIDAN TO NORTHUMBRIA.] A.D. 574 (?). "Ordination" of King Aidan as King of Dalriada by S. Columba. ADAMNAN., V. S. Columb. lib. III. c. 5.-Sanctus [Columba], verbo obsecutus Domini, ad Iouamb transnavigavit insulam, ibidemque Aidanum, iisdem adventantem diebus, in Regem (sicut erat jussusc) ordinavit. Et inter ordinationis verba, de filiis et nepotibus pronepotibusque ejus futura prophetizavit: imponensque manum super caput ejus, ordinans benedixit. [p. 198, ed. Reeves.] A.D. 575a. Council of Drumceat (in Ireland) separates politically the Scottish and Irish Dalriada. (See under the Irish Church.) a Ann. Ult., and see Reeves ad Adamn. pp. 37 note, 97. A.D. 597. June 9. Death of S. Columba. (See below, in Appendix D.) A.D. 604 × 610. Letter of Laurentius Archbishop of Canterbury respecting Easter, to the Bishops and Abbats "per universam Scottiam." (See below, under the Saxon Church, vol. III. p. 61. It seems to include Hya.) a The letter was addressed to the Irish Bishops, according to Bede's description, but S. Columba and his immediate successors were in the closest possible connection with the Irish Church. A legend about S. Laurentius and S. Margaret, in connection with Laurencekirk in the Mearns (Goscelin, Transl. S. Augustini [written A.D. 1098], Actt. SS. May, vol. V. pp. 881-883, and see likewise ib., Feb., vol. I. p. 294), connects Laurentius also with the Pictish Church, if any reliance, even so far as this, can be placed upon it. See Robertson, Stat. Eccl. Scot., Pref. xxi. note. A.D. 634. Letter of Cummianus to Segienus Abbat of Hy respecting Eastera. a For this, and for the letters of Popes Honorius and John IV. (Bæd. H. E., II. 19), see below under the Irish Church. A.D. 635. Mission of Bishop Aidan to Northumbria from Hya. a See below, under the Saxon Church, vol. III. p. 91.-" Ferunt autem quia cum de provincia Scottorum Rex Osuald postulasset antistitem, qui sibi suæque genti verbum fidei ministraret, missus fuerit primo alius austerioris animi vir, qui cum aliquandiu genti Anglorum prædicans nihil proficeret, nec libenter a populo audiretur, redierit patriam, atque in conventu seniorum retulerit, quia nil prodesse docendo genti ad quam missus erat, potuisset, eo quod [ADAMNAN.] essent homines indomabiles, et duræ ac barbaræ mentis. At illi, ut perhibent, tractatum magnum in concilio, quid esset agendum, habere cœperunt; desiderantes quidem genti quam petebantur, saluti esse, sed de non recepto quem miserant prædicatore, dolentes. Tunc ait Ædan,-nam et ipse concilio intererat, ad eum de quo agebatur, sacerdotem: Videtur mihi, frater, quia durior justo indoctis auditoribus fuisti, et non eis juxta Apostolicam disciplinam primo lac doctrinæ mollioris porrexisti, donec paulatim enutriti verbo Dei, ad capienda perfectiora et ad facienda sublimiora Dei præcepta sufficerent.' Quo audito,... ipsum esse dignum Episcopatu, ipsum ad erudiendos incredulos et indoctos mitti debere decernunt,... sicque illum ordi nantes, ad prædicandum miserunt" (Bad. H. E., III. 5). Accepto gradu Episcopatus (Id., ib.); and when "Segeni abbas et presbyter monasterio præfuit" (Id., ib.). The "austerer" missionary is alleged to have been named Cormannus, but by no higher authority than H. Boethius. A.D. 651, Finan from Hy succeeds Aidan (Bæd. H. E., III. 17), and A.D. 653, Diuma a Scot becomes Bishop of the Mercians (Id., ib. 21). A.D. 658, Ceollach from Hy succeeds Diuma, but A.D. 659 retires again to Hy (Id., ib.), and is succeeded by Trumhere, an Angle but ordained by the Scots (Id., ib.) A.D. 664, Colman finally retires from England, after the conference at Whitby, first to Hy, then (A.D. 667) to Inisbofinde (Id., ib., IV. 4). A.D. 635. Columbite Church in Rathlin. ANN. TIGH., in an.-Seigine abbas Ie ecclesiam Recharrn fundavit. A.D. 680. Council of Rome, where Wilfrid answers for the faith of (among others) the Scots and Pictsa. a See above, p. 5; and below, in the Saxon Church, vol. III. p. 140. A D. 681-685. Trumwini's temporary Episcopate over Picts, at Abercorna. a See below, under the Saxon Church, vol. III. p. 165. A.D. 686. Adamnan's visit to Aldfrid of Northumbria, to obtain the liberty of Egfrid's Irish prisoners. ANN. TIGH., in an. 687.-Adomnanus captivos reduxit ad Hiberniam LX. (So also Ann. Ulton., in an. 686a.) a See also Ann. IV. Mag., I. 293; Ann. Clonmacnois., and Adamnan's own V. S. Columb., II. 46, 47. Adamnan paid two visits to Aldfrid, in A.D. 686 x 688, besides his formal embassy of A.D. 703 (?). A.D. 692. Irish Columbite Monasteries subject to Hy a. ANN. TIGH., in an.-Adomnanus XIIII. annis post pausam Failbe Ea ad Hiberniam pergit. a "Plurimorum caput et arcem cœnobiorum' (Bæd. H. E., III. 21). Failbe, Adamnan's predecessor, also went to Ireland A.D. 673, returning A.D. 676 (Ann. Tigh., Ulton., IV. Mag., Clonmacnois). And Cumine before him, A.D. 661. See also Bad. as quoted in pp. 110, 115; and the list in Reeves, Addit. Notes to Adamn., pp. 276-285; and below, under A.D. 727. [THE MONKS OF HY STILL REFUSE THE ROMAN EASTER.] A.D. 697. The "Cain Adhamnani," and certain Canons, enacted in an Irish Council at Birr (?) by Adamnan's influence, and for the Pictish Kingdom also. ANN. TIGH., in an.-Adom Adomnan brought a law with nan tuc recht lecsa in Erind an him this year to Ireland. bliadhna seo. ANN. ULTON., in an.-Adomnanus ad Hiberniam pergit et dedit legem innocentium populis. a "Hiberniensis synodi condictum "is Adamnan's own expression, V. S. Columb., II. 45. See also Lanigan, III. 136, 139, 140, and Reeves ad loc. Adamn., and below under the Irish Church. It appears from Colgan (Actt.SS., and see Reeves ad Adamn., Pref. li. and p. 179), and from the Acts themselves of the Council, that " Bruidi Mac Derili, King of the region of the Picts," signed this council, last of its non-ecclesiastical signataries; and that the council also sanctioned the "Cain Adhamnani," or tribute due to the abbat of Hy. A.D. 704. Adamnan fails to convert his Monastery of Hy, and its Irish dependencies, to the Roman Easter and tonsure. BÆD., H. E., V. 15.—Adamnan presbyter et abbas monachorum qui erant in insula Hii, cum legationis gratia missus a sua gente venisset ad Aldfridum Regem Anglorum, et aliquandiu in ea provincia moratus videret ritus Ecclesiæ canonicos; sed et a pluribus qui erant eruditiores esset sollerter admonitus, ne contra universalem Ecclesiæ morem, vel in observantia Paschali, vel in aliis quibusque decretis, cum suis paucissimis et in extremo mundi angulo positis vivere præsumeret, mutatus mente est; ita ut ea quæ viderat et audierat in Ecclesiis Anglorum, suæ suorumque consuetudini libentissime præferret. Erat enim vir bonus et sapiens, et scientia Scripturarum nobilissime instructus. Qui cum domum rediisset, curavit suos qui erant in Hii, quive eidem erant subditi monasterio, ad eum quem cognoverat, quemque ipse toto ex corde susceperat, veritatis callem perducere, nec valuit. Navigavit Hiberniam, et prædicans eis ac modesta exhortatione declarans legitimum Paschæ tempus, plurimos eorum, et pene omnes qui ab Hiiensium dominio erant liberi, ab errore avito correctos ad unitatem reduxit catholicam, ac legitimum Pascha tempus observare perdocuit. Qui cum, celebrato in Hibernia canonico Pascha, ad suam insulam revertisset, suoque monasterio catholicam temporis Paschalis observantiam instantissime prædicaret, nec tamen perficere quod conabatur posset, contigit eum ante expletum anni circulum migrasse de sæculo. [M. H. B. 265; and in W., IV. 747; and see Ceolfrid's letter to Nectan, below, under the Saxon Church, III. 293, 294.] Marina animalia ad littora cadentia, quorum mortes nescimus, sumenda sunt sana fide, nisi sint * putrida. 4 C. 2. 6 Pecora de rupe cadentia, si sanguis eorum effusus sit, sumenda sunt; sin vero, sed fracta sunt ossa eorum et sanguis foras si non venerit, reputanda ut morticina essent. 8 C. 3. In aquis extincta morticina sunt, quorum sanguis intrinsecus latet. 9 C. 4. A bestiis capta et semiviva bestialibus hominibus sumenda sunt. C. 5. 10 Animal semivivum subita morte præraptum 1o abscissa aure vel alia parte, morticinum est. C. 6. 11 Caro suilla morticinis crassa vel pinguis, ut morticinum quo pinguescit refutanda est'. Cum vero decreverit et in pristinam maciem reversa, sumenda est. 12 Si vero in una vice vel secunda morticinam manducaverit, post hujus secessum de ventre earum sana fide sumenda est'. C. 7. Sues carnem hominum vel sanguinem gustante illiciti sunt semper13. In lege namque animal cornupetum, si hominem occiderit, 1 Printed by D'Achery (Spicileg., IX. 490, 491), but as Theodore's, from MS. Sangerm. 121, which expressly styles them Canones Adomnani; by Martene in part (Thes. Nov., IV. 11, 18, 19), from Cod. Paris. 3182 ol. Bigot. 89; by Wasserschleben (Bussordn. &c. 120 sq.), from both MSS.; and the same part as Martene's, by Robertson (Stat. of Ch. of Scotl., pp. 229, 230), from a Cotton MS., Otho E. XIII. fol. 155 b, 157 b, of which a transcript is also in Bishop Marsh's Library at Dublin (Reeves ad Adamn., p. 179 note), and which is almost the same in text with Martene's MS. They are here printed (with corrections) from Wasserschleben. Probably they were passed by some Irish council under Adamnan's influence. The Paris MS. is here 4 5 called A; MS. Sangerm., B; MS. Cotton, c. 2 Addamnari vel Addominari, A; Adomnani, B. 3 delata, B, Mart. B, Mart., om. sint. sanguines... effusi sunt, edd. 7 foras non fluxerit, B; f. n. fluxit, c, Mart.; foras fluxerit, edd. 9 animalia, add. c, Mart. præ 6 recipienda, Mart. 8 refutanda, в, Mart.; Mart. om. ut morticina. paratum, edd. 10 11' Carnes suillæ, si morticinum comedent, crassa vel pinguis, ut morticinum 12 Si vero ... quo pinguescunt sues, refundendæ sunt, Mart. . sumenda est, om. a.; vel III., Mart.; vel II. vel III., c.—excessum, Mart., eorum s. f. sumendæ sunt, c, Mart. om. edd. 13 |