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APPENDIX B.

LAWS ATTRIBUTED TO KENNETH MAC ALPIN (SPURIOUS).

HECT. BOETH., X. 201, ed. 1574.-KENNETHI LEGES CIVILES.-Capita legum, quæ adhuc extant, sunt hujusmodi.

I. Singulis in regionibus singuli sint jurisperiti, ut ab initio est institutum. II. Horum filii a primæva ætate leges discant.

III. Legum tabulas, regum magnatumque cartophylacia, soli hi servent. IV. Si horum quispiam criminis falsi convictus fuerit, furca vitam finiat, abjiciaturque insepultus.

V. Furti convictum suspendito, homicidii capite truncato.

VI. Mulierem capitalis criminis damnatam, aut amne submergito, aut defodito vivam.

VII. Qui Dei nomen, divorumve, Regis, aut tribus suæ ducis, blasphemia læserit; ei linguam abscindito.

VIII. Qui mendacii in proximi perniciem fuerit convictus, ei gladium adimito, ejusque congressum exinde devitato.

IX. Capitalium insimulatos, septem spectata fide viri aut novem, undecim, tredecim, quindecim, aut numero majori, modo is impar fuerit, ex sententia judicanto.

X. Latrones, grassatores, depopulatores agrorum, ferro punito.

XI. Fugitivos, bardos1, otio addictos, scurras, et hujusmodi hominum genus, loris et flagro cædunto.

XII. Uxor non luet mariti scelus; viro autem fraudi erit, si, eo sciente, quid uxor deliquerit.

XIII. Concubinam viri eadem, cum eo, quicum delinquit, pœna torqueto. XIV. Qui virginis rapuerit honorem, nisi injuriæ authorem vitiata poposcerit in virum, capitis pœnam luito.

XV. Si quis alterius conjugem non invitam vitiaverit, uterque extremo afficiatur supplicio. Si vis mulieri fuerit illata, vir injurius proximo, ferro damnabitur, mulier erit innoxia.

XVI. Filium, si parentibus injurius fuerit, lingua, pede, manuve, eodem privatum membro in crucem tollito, abjicitoque insepultum,

XVII. Homicida, mutus, aut parenti ingratus, hæres non esto.

1 Bardi nihil hic faciunt; leg. vargos, vel vergos; ita vocarunt errones. Salmas. ap. W.

[LAWS OF KENNETH MAC ALPIN.]

XVIII. Præstigiatores, magos, manes invocantes, malis dæmonibus familiares, aut ab eis petentes auxilia, ad unum concremato.

XIX. Semina nisi nocivis granis munda, terræ ne condito.

XX. Qui sua culpa agros satiles nocivis herbis labefactari siverit, eum ob primam culpam bove uno mulctato, ob secundam decem, ob tertiam vero agris ipsis arceto.

XXI. Commilitonem, amicumve prælio forte cæsum, sepelito, hostem sinito insepultum.

XXII. Aberrans pecus aut domino, aut furum indagatori (Tocioderach 2 vulgus appellat), aut sacerdoti reddito; quod si triduum penes te retinueris, furti reus esto.

XXIII. Qui rem proximi deperditam repererit, præconis voce denunciet inventam; alioquin furis deputetur supplicio.

XXIV. Qui litigantem secum in judicio percusserit, causæ reus, pulsato homine absoluto, dicatur.

XXV. Si coeuntibus bobus, quævis icta incerto percussore interierit casu, quæ earum fuerit incornuta cædis authorem judicanto. Ejus dominus, mortuo accepto animali, damnum proximo reparabit.

XXVI. Si sus fœtus suos ederit, lapidibus obruito, ejusque carnes ne comedito.

XXVII. Suem segetes edentem, aut grunno cultum subruentem agrum, occidito impune.

XXVIII. Cætera animantia, quæ nobiscum degunt, si tua læserint terræ nascentia, donec eorum dominus damnum reparaverit, te penes servato.

Hæc civilia et popularia: cætera, quæ ad nos devenerunt, religiosa sunt, KENNETHI LEGES RELIGIOSÆ.-I. Aras, templa, divorum statuas, oratoria, sacella, sacerdotes, omnesque sacræ familiæ viros, ex animo venerator.

II. Festos et solennes dies, jejunia, vigilias, et omnifarias ceremonias, quas Christo Regi et sacratissimæ Ejus militiæ decrevit humana pietas, multo honore observato.

III. Lædere Christi sacerdotem dicto factove exitiale sit.

IV. Agrum, quo quis forte occisus, sepultus fuerit, septennium incultum relinquito.

V. Sepulchrum omne sacrum habeto, idque crucis signo adornato; quod ne pede aliquando conculces, caveto.

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2 Lib. 1. Reg. Majest. cap. vi. § 8, vocatur Toscheo Derach; et notat Skenæus, barbarum esse nomen priscis Scotis et Hibernis usitatum pro serjando aut serviente curiam, qui literas citatorias mandat executioni.-W. Tossachdoir (Orig. Paroch. Scott., II. 5) is interpreted (ib., p. 97); and see ib., p. 172, and Chalmers' Caled., I. 451 (quoted by Reeves). The office was one of high importance originally, but sank gradually into "something between that of a ground-officer or bailiff and that of a sheriff's officer" (Stuart's Pref. to Book of Deer, p. lxxxi. note I, and authorities there quoted).

[LAWS OF KENNETH MAC ALPIN.]

VI. Defuncti funus habita facultatum ratione curato.

VII. Insignis viri, aut qui de republica optime fuerit meritus, celebri, lugubri tamen, pompa funus efferto.

VIII. Duos huic adhibeto equestres: alterum vita functi arma indutum ferentem insigne candido equo, alterum pulla veste velata facie nigro equo insidentem. Hic, posteaquam uterque supplicatoriam deductionem funusque antecedens ad templum venerit, retroacto equo, ad altare, dominum morte absumptum vociferans, populo in eum execrante, unde venit, celerius se conferat. Ille ad altare recto pergens gradu, deposita arma equumque offerat sacerdoti demortui insigni admoto monumento, significans eo dominum immortali vita patriaque æternæ claritatis frui.

Hujusmodi ritum virorum insignium efferendi funera, parum, ut multis est visum, religiosum, posterior ætas abolevit; sacerdoti equi armorumque loco quinque sterlingicis libris in oblationem tributis.

His Kennethus Rex institutis longeque pluribus, quorum partem majorem vetustas aut potius regum sanctiones abrogarunt, populum rite instructum magna fœlicitate usque ad vitæ exitum rexit. Pontificiam sedem dudum Pictorum ab Abbernethi oppido, eo ferro et igni deleto, ad templum Reguli transtulit. Exinde huic oppido Sancti Andreæ ædes nomen est factum, eosque, qui illuc per pluscula inde tempora sacrum gessere magistratum, maximos Scotorum Episcopos appellarunt. Nondum enim Scotorum regnum, uti nunc, in dioceses divisum erat; sed quivis episcoporum, quos ea ætate vitæ sanctimonia cunctis reverendos fecerat, quocunque fuisset loco, sine discrimine pontificia munera obibat. Hujusmodi Scotorum Ecclesiæ administratio ad Malcolmi tertii tempora perseveravit, quando ipse superne admonitus, uti suo referetur loco, sacrum Multhlacensem instituit magistratum. Cæterum tanta reverentia inter homines, tantaque vitæ innocentia, et erga Deum pietate, sacer divi Andreæ pontificatus ab institutione sui longa episcoporum serie ad tempus usque quo hæc commentabamur, est continuatus (sex enim supra triginta antistites, et eorum complures inter divos relatos, illic sedisse perhibent), ut nusquam gentium veræ religionis cultus, morum consentiente probitate, magis effulserit. Ad Kennethum redeo. Erant termini ejus regni post Pictos deletos Northumbria et Hirta (ea est ultima Hebridum insularum), Hibernicus hinc oceanus, et illinc Germanicus. Moritur tandem Rex omni vita illustris pituitæ exundantia apud Forteviotum, anno, quam supremum inter Scotos iniverat magistratum, vicesimo, Christi autem Domini quinquagesimo et quinto supra octingentesimum. Ejus funus celeberrima pompa in Ionam est elatum; ubi Firgusius, Hirtus, ac fortissimi quique Scotorum Reges, conditi quiescunt. Suffectus est in demortui locum Donaldus, Kennethi germanus, diverso multum a fratre ingenio. [S., I. 340-343; W., I. 179–181.]

APPENDIX C.

INSCRIBED AND OTHER CHRISTIAN MONUMENTS IN THE PICTISH AND

SCOTTISH KINGDOMS.

A.D. 400-900 (?).

A. A.D. 400-600 (?). A few monuments exist in Scotland, which look as though they should be referred to a semi-Roman date and origin.

i. Inscribed Monuments.

1. Near the kirk of Yarrow, a slab with an inscription in debased Roman characters-as read by Sir J. Y. Simpson :

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These are probably three inscriptions, and are in very rude letters. See Proc. of Antiq. of Scotl., II. 484, IV. 134, 524; Stuart, Sculpt. Stones, &c., II. App. III. p. xlviii.

2. At Kirkliston, called the Cat Stone, an inscription in like debased. Roman characters

IN OC TV
MVLO JACIT
VETTA F

VICTI

(Proc. of Antiq., &c., as above, IV. 119; and Stuart, ib.)

[INSCRIBED AND OTHER CHRISTIAN MONUMENTS IN SCOTLAND.]

ii. Monuments uninscribed, of this earlier period, may possibly exist, but there is not sufficient evidence whereon to assign such a date to any existing

stone.

B. Inscribed and other Monuments in the Pictish Kingdom.
A.D. 700-900 (?).

Monuments of a definitely Pictish style cluster most thickly in the parts of the country which formed the centre of the kingdom of the Picts, viz. in the counties of Forfar, Fife, and the eastern districts of Perth, south of the Mounth, and in the valleys of the Dee and Don in Aberdeenshire, immediately north of it; being most abundant in the comparatively level district running westwards from the shore between Montrose and Arbroath through Forfarshire and Perthshire to the Tay and Dunkeld, and again, along the Earn. There are also isolated clusters in Elginshire, and on the shores of Ross along the Moray Firth, besides a few scattered examples elsewhere. All are of a very special character, markedly differing (and especially in the various symbols, which are peculiar to them) from the Saxon monuments in Northumberland, Durham, Cumberland, and Dumfries; from the pre-Saxon monuments in Kirkcudbright and Wigton and towards the lower part of the Clyde; and from those also, which are nearer akin to them, but which are destitute of the symbols above mentioned, viz. the older monuments in Argyllshire and the Isles. They are also of an older type than the Irish crosses, their ordinary character being that of pillar stones with the cross or ornaments simply cut on the face of the stone. But some, as e. g. those at S. Andrew's and at Dunkeld, which have the Celtic ornamentation, lack the peculiar Pictish symbols.

I. Inscribed Monuments are very few.

1. South of the Mounth.

i. At St. Vigean's (church of S. Fechin), near Arbroath, an elaborately adorned stone with a cross, interlaced work, and figures; and on one face of it,

DROSTEN.
IPE UORET
ELT FOR
CUS

i. e. (the cross) of Drost son of Voret of the family of Fergus. Drost was a King of the Picts, killed in battle near S. Vigean's A.D. 729.

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