[SEE OF CARLISLE.]

runt archidiaconatui Eboracensi. [ed. Raine, pp. 109, 110; and Twysd. 257.]

ANN. WAVERL. in an. 1133.-Fecit Rex Henricus novum Episcopatum apud Karduil in finibus Angliæ et Scotia, et posuit ibi Episcopum Adulfum, Priorem canonicorum regularium Sancti Oswaldi, cui solitus erat confiteri peccata sua: hic autem canonicos regulares posuit in ecclesia sedis suæ. [Gale, II. 151.]

FORDUN, Scotichron. VIII. 3.-Hic Henricus ...... videns Johannem Episcopum Glasguensem per Cumberlandiam ecclesias dedicare, et cetera officia pontificalia secundum morem juris antiqui perficere, cum nec sibi nec Archiepiscopo Eboracensi vellet inde ut domino et prælato obsecundare; incitante Turstino Eboracensi Archiepiscopo, constituit per vim et violentiam Eadwaldum Episcopum in Cumberlandia, ad titulum Carleolensem, contra eum, quia non erat qui ei resistere audebat. Quod cum vidisset Episcopus Johannes Episcopatum suum Glasguensem taliter dimembrari, et neque per legem neque per Regem defendi, transfretavit, et in monasterio Tironensi sese in monachum obtulit. Quem Rex Malcolmus auctoritate domini Papæ de monacho ad præsulatum Glasguensem, ipso multum renitente, restitui fecit. Et vicesimo octavo anno Episcopatus sui moritur, et in monasterio de Jedwod sanctus sepelitur. [vol. I. p. 449; see XI. 52°.]

The Pipe Roll of 31 Hen. I., A.D. 1130 (ed. Hunter, pp. 140-142), contains grants to the Canons of Carlisle, and among other purposes, for the building of their church.

b So also the Chron. de Mailros, in an. 1133 ("Adulfus"), and the later chroniclers, Brompton ("Arnulphus," Twysd. 1019), Stubbs ("Adelwoldus," ib. 1720), Rudborne (" Athelwulfus," Hist. Maj. Winton.), R. de Monte ("Elulfus"), etc. Richard of Hexham calls him "Adthelwlfus." The earlier chronicles fix the year, 1133; and John of Hexham, among them, the month also, August. The latter likewise so far fixes the day as to imply

that it was shortly before Aug. 15, and Geoffrey of Durham is known to have been consecrated upon Aug. 6. Rudborne gives the year as 1132, and adds that it was 33 Hen. I. (Aug. 6, 1132-Aug. 6, 1133), and Hen. Hunt. has also the 33 H. I., but retains the correct year 1133. Aldulph was not put into any real possession of his diocese until A.D. 1138 (see below). And as Cumberland belonged to the Scots from A.D. 1136 until A.D. 1157, he could scarcely have had much to do with it at any time. See also Rog. Wend., II. 212. c Confusing however, in both places, Henry I. with Henry II.

A.D. 1134. Cistercian Abbey of Calder founded by Ranulph de Meschines, second Earl of Chester and Cumberland a.

[DEDICATION OF GLASGOW CATHEDRAL.]

A.D. 1134 or 1135. May 2a. Pisa. Pope Innocent II. to Thurstin Archbishop of York.

help Thurstin.

The Pope will INNOCENTIUS EPISCOPUS SERVUS SERVORUM DEI, venerabili fratri T[burstino] Ebor. Archiepiscopo, salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem. Probabilem tuæ fidei firmitatem et religionis laudabilem et catholica unitate constantiam sedes Apostolica certis jamdudum indiciis comprobavit. Inde est quod sanctæ matris tuæ Romanæ Ecclesiæ tantam geris sollicitudinem, et tanquam benignus filius ipsius nullatenus es oblitus. Propterea personam tuam sincera in Domino caritate diligimus, et ad ea quæ fraternitati tuæ et Ecclesiæ tuo regimini commissæ profutura esse cognoscimus, libenti animo operam damus. Cæterum super oppressionibus atque molestiis tibi et Ebor. Ecclesiæ, prout accepimus, a Rege Scotia et Johanne Glesguensi Episcopo irrogatis affectione paterna compatimur; atque cum facultas nobis a Deo fuerit attributa, Sedes Apostolica tibi et eidem Ecclesiæ suam justitiam conservabit. Porro quia de statu nostro tua sollicitudo certum diem habere desiderat, esse nostrum tibi breviter duximus intimandum. Relicto itaque in Urbe vicario, atque his quæ fidelibus nostris necessaria erant dispositis, ut fratres nostri ad nos veniendi faciliorem haberent aditum, Pisas sani, Deo gratias, incolumesque pervenimus; ibique cum nostris fratribus commorantes, pro his quæ ad honorem et servitium sanctæ Dei Ecclesiæ pertinent, studiosius laboramus. Tua igitur interest, karissime frater in Domino, aures Divini consilii assiduis precibus propulsare, quatenus Ecclesia Catholica, quæ diutinis est laboribus fatigata, tuis etiam orationibus adjuta, ad quietis portum auxiliante Deo valeat pervenire. Data Pisis VI. nonas Maii. [Reg. Alb. Ebor., P. I. fol. 52.]

a Innocent was living at Pisa in both these years. But the letter seems to have been written no long time after his arrival there

(in Nov., A.D. 1133).
therefore the more likely date.

And A.D. 1134 is

A.D. 1136. March 23. Refoundation of Melrose Abbey by King Davida. a Chron. de Mailr. in an.; Orig. Paroch. Scot., I. 280.

A.D. 1136. July 7. Dedication of Glasgow Cathedrala.

a So Chron. de Mailros, in an. 1136, and Chron. S. Crucis. In Reg. Glasg., no. 3, is a grant by King David to S. Kentegern's church of some land at " Perdeýc" (Parthick), which is referred to in a later grant (ib, no. 7) as

having been made "in dotem Ecclesiæ de Glasgu in eiusdem consecratione." The witnesses to no. 3 are Herbert abbat of Roxburgh, William the Chancellor, etc. etc., but do not include John Bishop of Glasgow him

[CULDEES AT GLASGOW.]

self, who had fled to Tyron after A.D. 1133. The older constitution of Glasgow was of a body of clergy (supposed to have been instituted by S. Kentegern), living according to

rule, but “in singulis casulis," etc., "unde singulares clerici a vulgo Calledei nuncupabantur" (Jocel. in V. S. Kenteg., as quoted by Reeves, Culdees, p. 27).

A.D. 1136. April 22. Pisa a. Pope Innocent II. to William Archbishop of Canterbury, Legate for England and Scotland.

Compel John of

INNOCENTIUS EPISCOPUS SERVUS SERVORUM DEI, veneGlasgow to obey rabili fratri G[uillelmo] Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo, ApostoArchbishop Thurstin. lice Sedis legato. Ita rebelles et ingrati districtis debent animadversionibus coherceri. Quia ergo Johannes Glesguensis Episcopus contra matrem suam sanctam Romanam et Eboracensem Ecclesiam calcaneum suum erexit, et quoscunque potuit in errorem schismatis inducere minime formidavit, sollicitudini tue mandamus, ut sicut in partibus illis vices vestras exequeris, eundem Johannem districte convenias, quatinus a suis erroribus resipiscat, et ad debitam obedientiam atque subiectionem Eboracensis Ecclesie redeat. Si vero infra trium mensium spacium, postquam a te commonitus fuerit, hoc implere contempserit, ex tunc, quousque satisfecerit, eum excommunicationi cum tuis suffraganeis subiicias. Id ipsum T[hurstino] Eborac. Archiep. metropolitano suo facere iniunximus. Vale. Data Parisis X. kalend. Maii. [Reg. Alb. Ebor., P. I. fol. 52: and in Dugd., VI. 1188, no. 57.]

a For the date, see note to the following letter.

b Made so Jan. 25, A.D. 1126.
Read "Pisis."

A.D. 1136. April 22. Pisa. Pope Innocent II. to Thurstin Archbishop of

Tork.

INNOCENTIUS EPISCOPUS SERVUS SERVORUM DEI, veRespecting John of Glasgow, and nerabili fratri T[hurstino] Ebor. Archiepiscopo, salutem other matters. et Apostolicam benedictionem. Literas et nuntium

tuum debita benignitate suscepimus, et super exenniis nobis transmissis devotioni tuæ multimodas gratias exhibemus, Divinam clementiam implorantes ut tam devotum beati Petri filium in tempora longiora conservet incolumem, et pro temporalibus beneficiis præmia æterna recipias. De cætero noverit tua fraternitas, quam, si abbas ille de quo nobis significasti ad nostram præsentiam venerit, quod ad honorem Dei et tuum pertinet superna cooperante clementia sollicite providere curabimus. Iterum autem monasterio Saloberiæ more boni pastoris, Deo propitio, consulas; et qualiter

[SEE OF CARLISLE.]

idonea persona ibidem in abbatem eligatur, nihilominus studeas. Sententiam sane, quam in abbatem de Riesvalle tua discretio promulgaverit, nos auctore Domino ratam habebimus. Et ut in Johannem Glesguensem pseudo-episcopum anathematis sententiam proferat, venerabili fratri nostro G. Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo Apostolica Sedis legato per scripta nostra mandavimus; quousque a suis erroribus resipiscat, et ad tuam subjectionem et jus metropoliticum redeat. Studii quoque tui sit in eundem Johannem, nisi infra tres menses ad matrem suam sanctam Romanam et Eboracensem ecclesiam remeaverit, anathematis sententiam promulgare. Data Parisis X. kalendas Maii. [Reg. Alb. Ebor., P. I., fol. 52 b.]

a The date of this letter is fixed by the reference, not only to Rievaulx, founded A.D. 1132, but more definitely by that to Selby, viz. to the vacancy caused there by the resig nation of Abbat Durannus in the "last year of Henry I.," viz. A.D. 1135 (Hist. Mon. Seleb. in Labb. Bibl. Nov., I. 610). Innocent was

at Pisa in April, A.D. 1136. And the York scribe must have written "Parisis" by mistake, both in this and in the preceding letter, which obviously was written at the same time and place. Archbishop William died Nov. 21, A.D. 1136.

b Read "Pisis."

A.D. 1136. April 22. Pisa. Pope Innocent II. to Stephen King of Englanda, respecting the Cathedral of Carlisle.

REG. ALB. EBOR.-Litera ad Dominum S. Regem Anglia super ecclesia Carleon, de tanto pro Cathedrali habenda.-INNOCENTIUS EPISCOPUS SERVUS SERVORUM DEI, karissimo in Christo filio Stephano, illustri Anglorum Regi, salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem. Serenitatem tuam nolumus ignorare nos jamdudum ex dispensatione Apostolica statuisse, ut videlicet locus Karliolii de cætero Episcopalis dignitatis culmine decoretur, et perpetuis futuris temporibus ejusdem honoris prærogativa illustratus existat. Ad quod nimirum efficiendum prædecessor tuus gloriosæ memoriæ Henricus multo desiderio æstuavit, si quam morte intercedente quod exinde proposuerat nequivit efficere. Nobilitatem tuam Apostolicis literis commonemus, ut quod ab ipso super eadem re minus factum est, suplere non desinas, quatinus et in eodem loco omnipotenti Domino honorifice serviatur, et tua devotio cum peccatorum remissione a remuneratione ovium digna præmia consequi mereatur. Data Pisis X. kalendas Maii. [Raine's Mem. of Hexham, I. App. VIII. pp. xii. xiii.]

a Bishop Aldulph was not in possession at all of his see of Carlisle until A.D. 1138. And Henry the son of King David held Cumberland, although as a fief of England, from A.D. 1136. Innocent's letter would suit best

to the earlier period. And as he certainly was at Pisa April 22, A.D. 1136, and apparently not in that month of any later year, A.D. 1136 is almost certainly the date.

[COUNCIL OF CARLISLE.]

A.D. 1138. Sept. 26-29. Provincial Council of Scottish Bishops at Carlisle under the Legate Alberic.

Alberic sent as legate.

......

Fere

RICHARD. HAGUST. Gesta Stephani, anno 1138.-Circa idem tempus quidam Albericus Hostiensis Episcopus in illas partes venit, quem Innocentius Romanæ sedis Apostolicus, ut legationis officio in Anglia et Scottia fungeretur, miserat. per totam Angliam visitando pertransivit. .... Tandem vero usque ad Dunelmum pervenit. .............. Habens secum duos Episcopos Rodbertum Herefordensem et Adthelwlfum Carlelensem, etc., ad Haugustaldense cœnobium pervenit. ...... Deinde per Northymbriam et Cumbarland quarto die ante festum Sancti Michaelis ad Carlel pervenit, ibique Regem Scottiæ cum Episcopis, abbatibus, prioribus, baronibus suæ terræ reperit. Illi vero, diu a Cisalpina, imo fere ab universa Ecclesia discordantes, exosæ memoriæ Petro Church accepts Leoni [s] et apostasiæ ejus nimium favisse videbantur. Innocent II. as Tunc vero, Divina gratia inspirati, mandata Innocentii Pope. Papæ et legatum ejus omnes unanimiter cum magna veneratione susceperunt. Igitur triduo cum eis de suæ legationis negotiis diligenter tractavit. Et quoniam cognovit quod Johannes Glesguensis Episcopus curam animarum quam John of Glasgow ordered to quit habuerat nulli commiserat, et sine licentia ac clanculo Tyron and return Episcopatum suum reliquerat, et, nulla evidente necessitate cogente, apud Tironam monachus effectus est, de illo definivit, ut regius nuntius cum ipsius et Regis pariter litteris pro eo mitteretur; et si redire nollet, sententia super illum daretur a. Et ita factum est.

The Scottish

to his see.

peace and to

ities.

Efforts of the Convenit quoque Regem de reformanda pace inter legate to make eum et Regem Angliæ, et hujus rei gratia ad ejus pedes prevent barbar- cecidit, scilicet ut sanctæ Ecclesiæ et sui ipsius et suorum misereretur, quibus tot et tanta mala fecerat. Sed vix inducias impetravit, quod nullum exercitum et nullum malum, excepta obsidione quæ circa Carrum erat, ante festum Sancti Martini in terram Regis Angliæ induceret. Hoc etiam apud Pictos impetravit, quod omnes puellas ac mulieres captivas, quas habere possent, ante eundem terminum ad Carlel reducerent, et eas ibi libertati redderent. Ipsi quoque et omnes alii firmissime ei promiserunt, quod nullo modo ecclesias amplius violarent, et quod