"This naturally does not exclude that the same disease existed also in China or eastern Asia in very remote times. "Leprosy: Mal de San Lazaro, lepra; in German, Aussatz. It seems to me that the Mexican Indians are entirely refractory to this terrible disease, which only exists in the Spanish class and mixed people (gente mestiza). Here, at Merida and other places of the peninsula, many of the principal families are infected with this plague, but I never saw or heard of a true Indian family affected with it, perhaps because the Indians are living principally on vegetable food. The Peruvian antiquities refer, as I believe, to syphilis and not to leprosy; but without doubt leprosy existed also in very ancient times in most of the Asiatic lands. "Without doubt the snake, principally the snake head (sometimes treated naturally, sometimes in a fantastic manner with infinite variety) forms the principal element of decoration in Maya architecture. This alone would not be sufficient to establish a relationship (Verwandtschaft) with the architecture of the Naga tribes (dasyu), pre-Buddhistic snake and tree worshipers, if it were not for the fact that the Maya architecture also has some other very remarkable resemblances with ancient Hindostan architecture (pre-Aryan), attributable to the dasyu (Naga, etc., perhaps, to be counted with the Georgian-Hitit-Thibetan race) and even, perhaps, to the Dravidian style (Telinga, etc., probably of Turanian-MongolianTurkish origin). For instance, the Maya triangular decoration of the west façade of the eastern palace of 'las moujas' at Urmal recalls ancient Hindu wooden structures in use, for instance, in Kashmir bridges till our days. "It would therefore be interesting to compare the Maya language with that of the Naga tribes, and also with Turanian languages of the Dravida." Mr Maler adds to his letter some quotations from ancient Spanish writers bearing on the subject of pre-Columbian syphilis, which I give here in English. Historiadores primitivos de las Indias Occidentales (Primitive Historians of the West Indies).-D. A. Gonzalez, Barcia, Madrid, 1749. Tomo I. Oviedo in his relation ("summario ") reports to the Emperor Charles V (conserving the ancient spelling), page 41. . . . Your Majesty may consider as a certain fact that this disease came from the Indies. It is very common among the Indians, but not dangerous either in those countries or in these. On the contrary, the Indians cure themselves very easily in the islands with this pato (guayacan-guaiac) and on terra firma with other herbs and things which they know, for they are very great vegetarians. The first time that this malady was seen in Spain was after Christopher Columbus had discovered the Indies and turned to these parts, and some Christians who came with him and assisted in this discovery, and those who made the second voyage were more numerous than the first, contracted this plague, and from them it was transmitted to other persons; and after the year 1495, when the Grand Captain Don Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova passed into Italy with an army to help the king, Don Fernando II, of Naples against King Charles VIII of France, the man with the thick head, being sent by the Catholic kings Don Fernando and Doña Isabel of immortal memory, ancestors of your majesty, this disease was introduced by those Spaniards, and it was the first time that it was seen in Italy, and as it was at the time when the French came with the said King Charles the Italians called that disease the French disease, and the French called it the disease of Naples, for they also had not seen it up to the time of that war, and from these it spread itself through the whole of christendom and passed into Africa by the means of some women and men attacked by it, because there is no manner in which it is so contagious as in the coitus of men and women, as has been seen many times; it also is communicated by eating in the dishes, drinking in the glasses and saucers which the diseased persons have used, and still more by sleeping in the sheets or garments of the same, and it is a grave and painful evil. No person who has eyes could help to see a number of people rotten and become lepers (podrida, i tornada de San Laçaro) on account of this disease; also many of them have died of it. Of the Christians who have conversation and coitus with the Indian women, few escape this danger; but as I have said, it is less dangerous there than here, both because there exists there that tree so useful and fresh it makes more operation; as for that other reason, that the temperature of the land is without cold and helps more those patients than the air and the constellations here." Fernando Colon, in his historical work, says that the Indians of Haiti gave to this disease the name caracol or caracacol (shells), and to the infected cara-caracol man-shell, because their skin did become rough as pagina 24, speaking of the syphilis, says also that the Spaniards did find this disease in the island "Española" 270 West Forty-third street, New York city. 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