the shrub; they are likewise mixed with "potato clay" and eaten with piki. It is said to be also regarded as a sacred plant by the Navajo.

Coriandrum sativum. (Kuranto: from the Spanish coriandro.)— The seeds were first obtained from some of the Mexican colonies. The plant is dipped into a stew and eaten as a condiment. It is not used medicinally.

Foeniculum officinale. (Kwañwa-piba: from kwanwa, sweet; piba, tobacco; piba, from nápu, leaf; pahü, moisture.)—It is used as a substitute for piba, but never smoked ceremonially. The same term is applied to tobacco obtained from the whites.

Mentzelia albicaulis. (Sale: derivation obscure.)-Also called huwikaü, Dove's maize. The myth connected with the plant does not explain its name; the Dove called it sale when asked its name by a maiden. Its seeds are gathered by the girls in the afternoon, as it is asserted the seeds will not fall until the sun has passed half way over the sky. They are parched and ground into a fine sweet meal called saletosi; not made into a bread, but eaten in pinches from the wicker tray on which it is served.

Carthamus tinctorius. (Asapzrani.)-Said to have been obtained from the Mormons about twenty-five years ago. The word may be a Hopi pronunciation of "saffron." An infusion of the flowers is used to give a yellow color to the paper-bread called piki.

Bigelovia douglasii stenophylla. (Maüvi: Uvi is the axil of the lower or main branches of a tree or plant; the rest of the etymology obscure.)-The tips of this plant are chewed and spurted upon boils, in the belief that this treatment causes them to dry. It is regarded as the male of the herb pamnavi (q. v.).

Bigelovia howardii. (Sivwapi: from sikyañpu, yellow; vuurwapi, whip.)-This is used by the " Flogger" to thwart children during certain initiatory ceremonials. An infusion of its flowers mixed with a chalky stone produces a bright yellow pigment used for personal decoration in ceremonies. The dried plant is one of the four prescribed kiva fuels.

Monolepis chenopodioides. (Hüzrütubhü.)

Suæda intermedia. (Tciihteve: from tciitü, birds; teve.)—The birds are said to be fond of its seeds.

Atriplex confertifolia. (Hoyavako: from hovaktü, sweet smells.)— The water in which the leaves of this plant have been boiled is

used to mix the corn meal for making the pudding called ho-yavak-pikinni (piki amiyata, piki or paper-bread, covered in). This meal pudding is poured into a large earthen jar and baked in the characteristic small cooking-pit common in Tusayan.

Atriplex argentea. (Uñatki: from üuñña, salt; tcoki, a term applied to an entire tree or plant growing in place.)-Its salty leaves are boiled and eaten with fat. This is the earliest of the six typical Hopi food-plants of the spring.

Eriogonum hookeri. (Kalnakabu: from kala, rat; nakabū, ear, because the leaf is said to resemble a rat's ear.)

Eriogonum corymbosum. (Powawi: possibly from powato, a form of ceremonial purification in which this plant, or the food prepared from it, may have been used.)-Its leaves are boiled, and with a portion of the water in which they were boiled they are rubbed on the mealing-stone with corn meal and baked into a kind of bread called powawio pikabiki-patted or pressed piki. Atriplex canescens. (Cüovi: from cühü, pungent.)-One of the four fuels prescribed for kiva fires.

Artemisia frigida. (Küiñya: from küyi, water; ñaa, root.)A sprig of this plant is attached to the paho or prayer emblem and is regarded as efficacious in petitions for water.

LOUBAT PRIZE. Three years ago Mr Joseph F. Loubat, of Paris, offered prizes of $1,000 and $400, to be awarded every fifth year to authors of the best works on the history, geography, archeology, ethnology, philology, or numismatics of North America. within the period mentioned. A committee composed of Professor H. T. Peck, of Columbia College; Dr Daniel G. Brinton, of the University of Pennsylvania, and Professor Henry C. Adams, the latter of whom was awarded the prize in 1893, will adjudicate essays and works for the next award in 1898.

PYGMIES IN EUROPE.-Near Schaffhausen, Switzerland, the remains of four full-grown pygmies have been found. Professor J. Kollmann, in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain for November, assigns these remains to the neolithic period and states that they were found associated with skeletal remains of persons of normal size of the present European type.

BOOK NOTICE

Korean Games, with Notes on the Corresponding Games of China and Japan. By Stewart Culin, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1895. 177 pp., 17 pl., 135 figs., roy. 8vo.

This is a most attractive looking volume in its dainty binding and excellent press-work; but that is not all: Mr Culin's thoughts are worthy of the dress. There are two ways to study a large museum, both excellent and each necessary to the full development of the other: one is ethnical, the other technical. By the former method the races of men are assembled, tribe by tribe, and each one is exhaustively studied. The ethnographer is constantly perfecting his material to set forth perfectly the people of his choice. In order to study extensive ethnology he develops intensive ethnography. By the latter method the activities of mankind, languages, industries, fine arts, social structures and functionings, beliefs, sciences, cults, are treated as natural history collections, examined in their ontogeny, phylogeny, distribution, and the like. Of this last class Mr Culin's work is an excellent example. He has chosen a definite group of activities, in a definite geographic and political circumscription, for his intensive study, and the comparison of these with activities of the earth belonging to the same class for his extensive study. The author appreciates at the outset the widely different activities inclosed in the word "games," extending from mere sport for sport's sake to those serious performances in which men, despairing of their own wisdom, seek to ascertain through games the mind of the gods. The author holds that games were not consciously invented as such, but are survivals from primitive conditions, under which they originated as magical rites and chiefly as a means of divination. Based upon certain fundamental conceptions of the universe, they are characterized by a certain sameness if not identity throughout the world. Korea is deemed by Mr Culin to be a most favorable area for his study because it occupies a middle ground in the evolution of culture, where there is also a remarkable survival of the local old-fashioned customs. The prevalence of the pentamerous arrangement of nature in this connection is interesting, covering directions, colors, elements, planets, metals, grains, etc.

The most original conception in the volume is that which traces all games based on divination to the arrow, whether they

belong to that complex and extended series ending in the playing cards, chess, dominoes, and so on, or to that other long genealogical list culminating in dice. It matters not whether the author regards these wonderful series as examples of acculturation, as fabrics erected out of the common foundation of mythic conceptions, or as culture stadiums, where all peoples get out and play the same game when they come that way, Mr Culin's generalization is unique, and we are bound to say is held by him with becoming modesty. After the philosophical introduction, the body of the work commences with the more simple sports of toys, kites, tops, puzzles, outdoor amusements, counting out, and passes on to archery, where the author is especially at home. At page 63 the more serious work begins, though there is a deal of thoughtful and comparative matter in the preceding sections on fun-making, the village contests in archery, the popular game of nyout, out of which games with dice have sprung, leading on to backgammon, chess, fox and geese, and other board games. The reader will be specially pleased with the section on chess (p. 82), in which the author was assisted by Consul General Wilkinson; the Korean patok, the Chinese waik'i, and the Japanese go. This game, like nyout and pachisi, is based on the four points of the compass-the board. has the universal cosmical meaning. The quarters of the board. agree with the four tones of the spoken language, and in the Korean examples the correlation extends to the notes of the musical scale, the board emitting a musical note when a piece. is played. Much space is devoted to the game of dominoes, practically one in China and Korea. In addition, they are used in Korea for telling fortunes, and Mr Culin thinks that this game originated in a divinatory system in which two dice are employed. Card-playing shares the fate of all other games. The marks on the cards are survivals of the feathering of the arrow. Mr Culin balks, though, at the suggestion which would make the numerals correspond with the notches in the cock feather of the arrow. The suit-marks may be totemic, agreeing with the eight creatures that correspond with the eight diagrams. In form the cards agree with the slips of bamboo used in divination. The volume closes with a chapter on lottery. The beautiful colored plates are from paintings by Ki San for Miss Shufeldt, daughter of Admiral R. W. Shufeldt, United States Navy, lately deceased. O. T. MASON.

A QUARTERLY BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ANTHROPOLOGIC

LITERATURE

COMPILED BY ROBERT FLETCHER, M. D.