her father and his men, the young bride advises escape by night, but the lover rejects the proposition as cowardly— "Not so, my Helen, O my dearest maiden, 'Tis not by stealth that I would bear you with me, So may you know your Alil is a hero." They pass the guards, whose curiosity Alile stifles by a liberal distribution of gold, but have hardly rejoined their band, concealed in waiting outside, when they hear the boom of the alarm cannon upon the city walls and see the pursuing horsemen swarming through the gate. As the Croats come nearer, Alile's men urge him to abandon the girl that they may save themselves, but he refuses with scorn. They are overtaken in the mountains and a desperate hand-to-hand struggle ensues. Victory inclines to the Christians until just at the decisive moment a rescuing party of Moslems arrives and drives back the pursuers. But it is all too late, for Alile has fallen, bleeding from seven wounds. As his eyes fix in death Helen kneels by his side, and, declaring that she cannot go back to her father and will not live among the Turks without Alile, she draws a dagger and stabs herself to the heart and falls dead across the body of her lover. "Halile's Grave" tells of a slain Moslem chieftain whose eternal sleep is troubled by his victorious Christian enemy, who comes constantly to exult over the grave and upbraid the corpse below. A cuckoo, the messenger from the shadow-land, brings the news to the dead man's comrade, who goes into the far mountains and watching by the lonely mound through a stormy winter night, surprises the revengeful enemy, and, after a stoutly contested combat with sword and spear, overpowers and slays him by the aid of a vila or protecting spirit of the forest. The poems are given in the Croatian or Slavonian original, with a German metrical translation, and an extended introduction and notes containing much valuable information on the history, customs, and folklore of the region. JAMES MOONEY. THE BURMAN, HIS LIFE AND NOTIONS, by Shway Yoe (Macmillan & Co., 1896), is the second edition of a work originally issued in 1882. The compliment of a second edition is fully deserved, and small wonder, for the book is the product of the knowledge of the native, systematized by a European training and illumined at times by a quaint humor which seems to be the product of the contact of the two civilizations. Of the contents of the book it is impossible to speak. The life of the Burman, with everything that the word implies, is really told. No custom or detail is considered too trivial or escapes observation. As a result we have a mine of information for the folklorist, the student of institutions, of religious ceremonies-indeed, of the entire field of anthropology. CYRUS ADLER. Folk-lore, von Karl Knortz (Evansville, Indiana). Mit dem Anhang Amerikanische Kinderreime, Dresden, 1896. 8vo, 87 pp. This essay on some points in folklore is an extension of a lecture delivered by Mr Knortz in the high school at Evansville, Indiana. It is divided into three chapters and followed by an appendix containing 100 children's rhymes. The author gives some examples of folklore from different parts of the world and points out the rich opportunities of collecting folklore in the United States, owing to the large number of races and nationalities residing there. He names especially the "negroes, voodoo, and creoles." He finds America and the English language singularly poor in lullabies; he says the following is believed to be the first of American origin: "Rock-a-by baby upon the tree top, When the wind blows the cradle will rock ; When the first pilgrims landed in New England they saw Indian squaws hang their pappooses to boughs of trees moved by the wind, and a young English woman, struck by this, composed the verses just cited. The author narrates the history of Mrs Elizabeth Goose, of Boston, whose "Melodies," published in 1719, have formed for 175 years the delight of American children. In the third chapter the author discusses the following superstition and shows other beliefs associated with saliva: "When one meets a white horse and spits into his own hand, he will obtain his wish." Mr Knortz does not, however, refer to Captain Bourke's "Scatalogic Rites" on the saliva question. The author relates that the cider-loving Pennsylvania Dutch of Cambria county, Pennsylvania, designate tomatoes as "Metholists" because they both like a great deal of water. The rhymes in the appendix are from New York and Indiana and include a few vulgar, several political (of recent origin), and a number of senseless squibs, most of which do not deserve perpetuation in printers' ink. The author believes the rhymes are printed for the first time, but he is evidently unacquainted with Bolton's "Counting-out Rhymes of Children" (London, 1888), in which many of them are found. He makes no attempt to trace their origin nor to classify them. The appendix, in short, is disappointing, concluding, as it does, a rather desultory writing on folklore. H. CARRINGTON BOLTON. NOTES AND NEWS ZAPOTEC LANGUAGE.-A Spanish-Zapotec dictionary of some 222 folio pages has been published by the Junta Columbina of Mexico. The Junta obtained the manuscript from President Diaz, who transferred it to this scientific body for publication. It is estimated that the work contains about ten thousand Spanish terms, in double columns, while the Zapotec vocables are more numerous. A dictionary containing the same Zapotec terms first, followed by the Spanish, has not yet been brought to light. The original manuscript of the Spanish-Zapotec, which dates from about the middle of the eighteenth century, is a huge quarto volume, bound in parchment, and, like the printed work, is in double-column form. It has neither title nor preface, and there is nothing in it to indicate the author's name, though on its back appears "Diccionario sapoteco del Balle." It is evidently a clean copy of an earlier manuscript. The orthography of the Spanish terms is by no means a model of correctness. The dialect differs not inconsiderably from that of Cordoba's vocabulary. The full title is "Vocabulario Castellano-Zapoteco. Publicado por la Junta Columbina de Mexico con motivo de la celebracion del Cuarto Centenario del Descubrimiento de America. Mexico: Oficina Tipografica de la Secretaría de Fomento, 1893." The Zapotec Indians, who speak this language in several forms of dialect, occupy a large portion of the state of Oajaca, southern Mexico. They number some 260,000, about as many Indians as there are within the limits of the United States. They are an intellectual and peaceable nation, but in ancient times were warlike in character. The ruins of Mitla and other remains of monumental splendor are within their domain. ALBERT S. GATSCHET. SOUTHERN EXTENSION OF PREHISTORIC TUSAYAN.-One collection of Tusayan gentes called the Water-house people claim that their ancestors came from a country far to the south of the present Hopi pueblos. The old men have legends that the home of their ancestors was in southern Arizona, and claim that their ancient migration from the ancestral dwelling-place was through some of the passes in the mountains which separate the sources of the tributaries of the Gila and the Little Colorado. They distinctively say that one of their halting places in this northward migration to their present home was near Winslow, Arizona, where they tarried several generations and built large pueblos. To one of these they give the name Homolobi, and point out as its ruins a series of mounds about a half mile from the abandoned Mormon town Sunset, on the right bank of the Little Colorado, three miles north of Winslow. So circumstantial are the Hopi legends bearing on this point that Dr J. Walter Fewkes, of the Bureau of American Ethnology, assisted by DrWalter Hough, began in June of the present year an extensive excavation of the ruin of Homolobi to collect archeological data bearing on the legend. This work is still in progress, but the results thus far corroborate the claims of the Hopi traditionists, leaving no doubt that some of the ancestors of the present Hopi formerly lived near Winslow, 80 miles south of Walpi. A rich collection of ancient objects, numbering over six hundred specimens, has already been taken from the mounds of Homolobi. These are distinctly Hopi in their character and consist in part of beautiful ceramic objects adorned with symbols identical with those of Sikyatki and Awatobi, two of the best known prehistoric ruins near the Hopi villages. The collections already gathered are on their way to the Smithsonian Institution. AHORIGINICS OF JAPAN Ever since we have pood any definite knowledge of Japan the country has been occupied by two aboriginal races the Aino or Ainu, in the northern part of the islands, the other, difficult to define, in the south When the earliest mikado, who is a semi mythic poonage, ruled in Japan he resided in Kiu shin, the southernmost of the Japanese islands, and the enemies of his people are called Nauyadno Hitzo or "Long legs," and Jasno Aakeru or the "Eight wild tribor," The southern race, over which this mikado was ruling, was probably identical with the people settled on Nhantong and Shing King, who are of small stature, dark complexioned, and ugly. By the characteristics they are readily distinguished from the Chinese and Mandahu people, The founder of the Japanese dynasty, Jimma Tonnos, came, like the first conquerors of Japan, from an unknown country. To throw light on this subject Dr Edkins has compared the Japanen numerals with those of the languages spokon in other parts of Anda. Many numerals and other terms are like those of the upper Amur; others resemble those in use between Tibet and the upper Lonn river, as well as some Magyar forms, which would bring the Japanese language nearer the Ural Altaie stock. A migration from the Siberian plains to Japan could have occurred only in connection with the great wave or food of the Hunnic nations, which was moving in the direction toward Pekin and ended about 200 B. C. Those northern barbarians, called Tanjen in castern China, held at that time Manchuria and all of northern China Tangun, founder of the Korean state, sprung from one of the Tangon tribes and became prominent about 300 BC, but in the muliet periods koren was intimately asociate 1 with Japan and often had it rulers in common with thom of that country. Korean civilization, derived from China, was in the fourth contury A. D. introduced into the Japane Jalanda, The chronic loss of Japan mention two irruptions of dark com plexioned foreinces from southern lands. Bands of dark Malays arrived from the island of Formom and the mainland opposite, and it be summised that they were reinforced from Cambodia. and the Philippine islands ine balanda The Malayan language, which they brought to the insular kingdom, he still traceable in a her of terms, and when the Chinese immigrants joined them the |