Specific Terms

Podilymbus podiceps (Linn.), pied-billed grebe, sçhirp'kem-äh.
Urinator imber (Gunn.), loon, çhä-cum'ŏn. (A "swift diver.")
Urinator pacificus (Lawr.), Pacific loon, çhä-cumʼòn.

Larus dela warensis Ord., ring-billed gull, päh’qua-ŭh. (A “fisherman.”)
Sterna forsteri Nutt., Forster's tern, päh-wōke'kō.

Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis (Gmel.), black tern, coim'bwē-pähwōke'kō.

Merganser americanus (Cass.), American merganser, tong'äh-coit-ŭh. Merganser serrator (Linn.), red-breasted merganser, hō-potch'kō-wow-ē-kǎ. Lophodytes cucullatus (Linn.), hooded merganser, cō-çhä'hë-qua-wowwek-kǎ.

Anas boschas Linn., mallard, tăng-äh'cow-wow-uh-kē.

Anas strepera Linn., gadwall, päh'week-ěh' or päh'wē-k' ia.

Anas americana Gmel., baldpate, pin'tō-coit-ŭh-wow-wēk-kå.
Anas carolinensis Gmel., green-winged teal, çhō-cōne’wow-wēk-kă.
Anas discors Linn., blue-winged teal, mäsh-she' shǎ-cow-wow' wek-kă.
Anas cyanoptera Vieill., cinnamon teal, päh' wē-k'ia.

Spatula clypeata (Linn.), shoveller, päh'we-k`ia.

Dafila acuta (Linn.), pintail, přin'tō-wow-wēk-kǎ.

Aythya americana (Eyt.), redhead, co-chow' wōne-uh-wow-wēk-kǎ.

Aythya vallisneria (Wils.), canvas-back, päh-lockt'tă-wow-wēk-kǎ.

Aythya collaris (Donov.), ring-necked duck, pāу'tă-cow-wow-wēk-kǎ. (Re

fers to the band across its bill.)

Charitonetta albeola (Linn.), buffle-head, wusch-ē'wow-wēk-kǎ.
Erismatura rubida (Wils.), ruddy duck, päh-lä’huin-tō-wow-wēk-kă.

cates a duck spotted with red.)

(Indi

Branta canadensis occidentalis (Baird), white-cheeked goose, pûhryou'wish-ă.

Branta canadensis minima Ridgw., cackling goose, will-kō'wow-wěk-kǎ. Olor buccinator (Rich.), trumpeter swan, päh'tō-kō. NOTE TO Anatidæ.—Päh-wow-wow'ict-tā. A general name used by the Mokis to denote any member of this family. Mokis do not eat ducks, but the name (näh'huh) of the chief or governor (called moung'we) of a village (hō-pe'ke) signifies a species of duck.

Plegadis guarauna (Linn.), white-faced glossy ibis, päh-lä'tông-ŭh-powwow'-wek-kǎ.

Tantalus loculator Linn., wood ibis, päh'wē-kā or coi-chi'lur-lu-çhä. Botaurus lentiginosus (Montag.), American bittern, will-kō'huatch-rðð. Ardetta exilis (Gmel.), least bittern, cō-çhä'hë-qua.

Ardea herodias Linn., great blue heron, lûr'lu-çhä-ǎt-tõk'kō.

Ardea egretta Gmel., American egret, cō-çhow’wow-wēk-kă.

Ardea candidissima Gmel., snowy heron, co-chow'hē-mê-wow-wēk-kǎ.

Ardea rufescens Gmel., reddish egret, päh-lä'ăt-tõk'kö.

Ardea virescens anthonyi Mearns, green heron, mush-she' wow-ē-kǎ. Nycticorax nycticorax nævius (Bodd.), black-crowned night heron, copäh'-him-me-wow-ē-kā.

Grus mexicana (Müll.), sandhill crane, will-päh' qua-pbē.
Rallus virginianus Linn., Virginia rail, coim'ép-huatch-rðð.
Porzana carolina (Linn.), sora, päh-lä’huatch-rðð.

Gallinula galeata (Licht.), Florida gallinule, päh-lä’çhë-kum’n-äh.
Fulica americana Gmel., American coot, çhë-kum'n'äh-nu-mŭsh-tŏŏ-ï.
Steganopus tricolor Vieill., Wilson's phalarope, mō-mõõsh'tōō-ï-tuck-uh.
Recurvirostra americana Gmel., American avocet, will-pom'chō-wũh.
Gallinago delicata (Ord.), Wilson's snipe, päh-hual'ē-ō-shōne-ěh.
Tringa bairdii (Coues), Baird's sandpiper, päh’çhë-rõð.
Tringa minutilla Vieill., least sandpiper, potch' rõõ-hõe-yìh.
Ereunetes occidentalis Lawr., western sandpiper, põtch'rõõ-hõe-yŭh.
Totanus melanoleucus (Gmel.), greater yellow-legs, potch'roo.

Totanus flavipes (Gmel.), yellow-legs, potch-rŏŏ.

Totanus solitarius cinnamomeus Brewster, western solitary sandpiper, cō-çhäh'huatch-rŏŏ.

Symphemia semipalmata inornata Brewster, western willet, cō-çhäsh'zhrü. Actitis macularia (Linn.), spotted sandpiper, mäch-she'huatch-rðð. Numenius longirostris Wils., long-billed curiew, will-cō'huä-cale-le. Ægialitis vocifera (Linn.), killdeer, päh’kāle-lē.

Egialitis montana (Towns.), mountain plover, päh’kāle-hōe-yuh.

Gallus gallus (Linn.), domestic fowl, cu-äh'cu. (The Mokis raise a small variety of fowl, a little larger than the bantam, which they keep in stone houses built for the purpose.)

Callipepla gambelii (Gambel), Gambel's partridge, co-hua'gō-hoe-yuh. When asked to name a specimen of the scaled partridge (Callipepla squamata), they replied, "No sabe; no got 'em Moki country." Cyrtonyx montezuma (Vig.), Massena partridge, pinʼto-hō-ia. Meleagris gallopavo mexicana (Gould), Mexican turkey, coi-yung'ō. The tuft of coarse hair growing from its breast they call coi-yung-work-sē. This bird was domesticated, history informs us, early in the sixteenth century, at the time of the early Spanish invasion, not only by the Mokis, but by other sedentary Indian tribes in New Mexico and Arizona.1 I have frequently found turkey bones when excavating in the ruins of the cliff and cave dwellers in the valleys of the Rio Verde and Salinas.

Columba fasciata Say, band-tailed pigeon, ton-ŏch'à hue'uìh.

Zenaidura macroura (Linn.), mourning dove, päh-lä' hue-wih.

Melopelia leucoptera (Linn.), white-winged dove, pin'tō hūe-wìh.

Columbigallina passerina pallescens (Baird), Mexican ground dove, pählä'hue-wih.

Scardafella inca (Less.), Inca dove, hūe'ē-wih-qua.

Cathartes aura (Linn.), turkey vulture, wě-shōke'kō.

Circus hudsonius (Linn.), marsk hawk, cō-çhaw'kwō-pē or khăn-qui-hua. 2

1 In this connection see Davis's Conquest of New Mexico. The turkey was also domes. ticated by the Aztecs. See Brancroft's Native Races of the Pacific States, 11, 353, 1875. 2 Qua-yuh or qua-ja is their generic term for hawks, and upon the word they ring various changes.

Accipiter velox (Wils.), sharp-shinned hawk, cō-çhaw' hung'wē-kă.
Accipiter cooperii (Bonap.), Cooper's hawk, ke'säh or hung-huï-kă.
Accipiter atricapillus (Wils.), American goshawk, p'te'quin-quay-hua.
Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (Aud.), Harris's hawk, päh-lä’poit-gă-quày-wă.
Buteo borealis calurus (Cass.), western red-tail, päh-lä'qui-hua. They un-
derstand the various ageal and irregular phases of plumage and apply
the same term-pähʼlä (red)—to all specimens of this species.
Buteo abbreviatus Caban., zone-tailed hawk, hõ’qui-hua or hō'qui-yúh.
Buteo swainsoni Bonap., Swainson's hawk, que-què' qui-yō.
Urubitinga anthracina (Licht.), Mexican black hawk, qua'hue-yũ-yŭh.
Aquila chrysaetos (Linn.), golden eagle, till-whōōsh'heap-qua-húr.
Haliæetus leucocephalus (Linn.), bald eagle, në-huack'qua-hûr.

Falco mexicanus Schleg., prairie falcon, kē’säh.

Falco peregrinus anatum (Bonap.), duck hawk, mäh-së' kë’säh.

Falco columbarius Linn., pigeon hawk, hûrng'wẽ-kă-hõe-yìh.

Falco sparverius deserticolus Mearns, desert sparrow hawk, täh-kä’cāle-lē or päh-lä' kälele. Päh'-lä, red; kāle'lē, a little hawk.

Pundion haliaëtus carolinensis (Gmel.), American osprey, coy-chǎckt'tä. The name refers to the white on its head.

Strix pratincola Bonap., American barn owl, psu-hìmʼung-ŭh.

Asio wilsonianus (Less.), American long-eared owl, psu-hìmʼung-ŭh. Megascops asio cineraceus Ridgw., Mexican screech owl, schi-lăpʼmŏŏnghua.

Bubo virginianus occidentalis Stone, western horned owl, moỡngʼhua or mõõng'wä.

Speotyto cunicularia hypogea (Bonap.), burrowing owl, ko'kō or pähkämoong'uh.

Glaucidium gnoma Wagl., pygmy owl, kōe'rhän-ē. The ferruginous pygmy owl (Glaucidium phalænoides) is regarded by the Mokis as identical with this species.

Geococcyx californianus (Less.), road-runner, hōsh'põe-ŭh or hus-põ-ă. One of the Mokis' clans or gentes is named after the road-runner. Ongwischey belongs to this clan.

Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Ridgw., California cuckoo, ko'kō hue'wih or co-chow'huin-ō hue-wih. They class the cuckoo with the pigeons. Parrot, kē-ähʼrŏŏ. Ong-wisch' éy told me that he had seen parrots alive only at the pueblos on the Rio Grande, in New Mexico. The Mokis use parrot feathers in their religious ceremonies with the sacred eagle feathers, and regard the bird with veneration. Ongwischey was delighted with a pasteboard representation of one of these birds, which was presented to my little child for a plaything, and carried it back to the Moki villages with him.

Ceryle alcyon (Linn.), belted kingfisher, çhë-kum'n'äh, a name applied in common to several water-loving birds.

Dryobates villosus hyloscopus (Cab.), Cabanis's woodpecker, hōte' päh-kå coy-ōte'să or pin'tō hōpe'yung-äh.

Dryobates pubescens homorus (Cab.), Batchelder's woodpecker, hōpe'yung-äh.

Dryobates scalaris bairdi (Malherbe), Texan woodpecker, päh-läʼçhă-tă hope-yung-üh.

Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis Baird, red-naped sapsucker, päh-la’hë-quä hope'yung-äh.

Sphyrapicus ruber (Gmel.), red-breasted sapsucker, päh-locht'te hōpe'yung-äh.

Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Cass.), Williamson's sapsucker, hope'yung-äh. Melanerpes formicivorus Swainson, Mexican woodpecker, coim'buě hōpe'yung-äh.

Melanerpes torquatus (Wils.), Lewis's woodpecker, coim'bwě (black) mŭzying'ow-uh (flicker).

Melanerpes uropygialis (Baird), Gila woodpecker, pin'tō muz-ying'ow-uh (spotted flicker).

Colaptes cafer (Gmel.), red-shafted flicker, muz-ying'ow-uh.

Colaptes chrysoides (Malh.), gilded flicker, tosh'-căb-by muz-ying'ow-uh. Phalanoptilus nuttallii (Aud.), poor-will, hōe-itsk-gō (=accent).

Chordeiles acutipennis texensis (Lawr.), Texan nighthawk, you'e-bë-qua'. Aëronautes melanoleucus (Baird), white-throated swift, ōh-mow'wow-wowuh-k'ia.

Trochilus alexandri (Bourc. & Muls.), black-chinned hummingbird, tõke'chă.

Calypte costa (Bourc.), Costa's hummingbird, päh-lä' tõke'çhă.

Selasphorus platycercus (Swains.), broad-tailed hummingbird, tõke'çhă.
Selasphorus rufus (Gmel.), rufous hummingbird, päh-lä' tõke'çhă.
Iache latirostris (Swains.), broad-billed hummingbird, tõkeʼçhă.

Tyrannus verticalis Say., Arkansas kingbird, pē’kwē.

Tyrannus vociferans Swains., Cassin's kingbird, pē’kwē.

Myiarchus mexicanus magister Ridgw., Arizona crested flycatcher, wikŏŏ'çhë-ē.

Myiarchus cinerascens (Lawr.), ash-throated flycatcher, wir-kõõt'çhë-ē.
Sayornis saya (Bonap.), Say's Phœbe, pē’kwē.

Sayornis nigricans (Swains.), black Phoebe, putst'tu-ěh.

Contopus borealis (Swains.), olive-sided flycatcher, putsť'tu-ěh.

Contopus richardsonii (Swains.), western wood pewee, che'e.

Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus (Scl.), vermilion flycatcher, tewy-wõõts′ē.

Otocorys alpestris arenicola, cheroo or

adusta, che'rooh.

Pica pica hudsonica (Sab.), American magpie, põe-shu'wuh. Ongwischey says they are common about the Moki villages.

Cyanocitta stelleri macrolopha (Baird), long-crested jay, lä-coich'cähn-ă.

Aphelocoma woodhouseii (Baird), Woodhouse's jay, shou'ă-yŭh.
Aphelocoma sieberii arizona Ridgw., Arizona jay, äh-äh'.
Corvus corax sinuatus (Wagl.), American raven, ong-wisch'ey.
Corvus cryptoleucus Couch, white-necked raven, ŏng-wisch'èy.
kinds; one name."

"Two

Corvus americanus Aud., American crow, ong-wisch'hō-yйh.
Nucifraga columbiana (Wils.), Clarke's nutcracker, yäh-päh (= accent).
Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus (Wied), piñon jay, äh'äh.

Molothrus ater obscurus (Gmel.), dwarf cowbird, käh-něch' tõ-kõõtsk'kă. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonap.), yellow-headed blackbird, tōkõõtsk'kǎ. This is a generic name for blackbirds.

Agelaius phoeniceus longirostris (Salvad.), Sonoran red-wing, päh-lä'-
sçhil-kǎ tō-kõõtsk'ků. Literally, a red-shouldered blackbird.
Sturnella magna neglecta (Aud.), western meadowlark, puw-çhèle low-ă.
Icterus parisorum Bonap., Scott's oriole, oh’mä-tow-ă-măn-ō.

Icterus cucullatus nelsoni Ridgw., Arizona hooded oriole, mōw'tow-ămon-ō.

Icterus bullocki (Swains.), Bullock's oriole, mow'tou-ă-mon-ō. "One name; two kinds."

Scolecophagus cyanocephalus (Wagl.), Brewer's blackbird, tõ-kõõtsk'kă. Coccothraustes vespertinus montanus (Ridgw.), western evening grosbeak, tse-kacht'te.

Carpodacus purpureus californicus Baird, California purple finch, till-hua'

shun-ă-ǎsh-ia.

Carpodacus cassini Baird, Cassin's purple finch, till-hua' shun-ă-ăsh-ia. "One name; two kinds."

Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (Say), house finch, sçhë-pile' shùn-ă-ăsh-ia. Loxia curvirostra stricklandi Ridgw., Mexican crossbill, hä-rõõm'çhu-wuh. Leucosticte australis Ridgw., brown-capped leucosticte. "He no live Moki country" (which is true).

Spinis tristis pallidus Mearns, western goldfinch, schë-hûrp'çhë-ë.

Spinus psaltria (Say), Arkansas goldfinch (var. arizonæ included), tsē-käh’che-e or coim'mop-mi-dir-zhō.

Spinus pinus (Wils.), pine siskin, pow-cowpt'çhè-ē.

Calcarius ornatus (Towns.), chestnut-collared longspur, päh-lä'çhë-rõõh. Rhynchophanes maccownii (Lawr.), McCown's longspur, coim'op-che

rõõh.

Poocætes gramineus confinis Baird, western vesper sparrow, päh-lä'shă-cä· Ammodramus sandwichensis alaudinus (Bonap.), western savanna sparrow, she-huap'che-e.

Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus (Coues), western grasshopper sparrow, täh'hua-mòn-ō or cō-çhä’hō-hua-tō.

Chondestes grammacus strigatus (Swains.), western lark sparrow, päh-lä’fill-cäh-pbe.

Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forst.), white-crowned sparrow, cō-chä'gō-pä che-ē.