Jupiter, held in Daphne, a suburb of Antioch, and that these horrid rites had been attended among others by Gregory, the Patriarch of Antioch, and Eulogius, subsequently Patriarch of Alexandria. The news spread wildly through the city; people everywhere rushed madly into the streets, and cries rung through the air, unfit, says John, for the pages of history. The churches were all closed, the episcopal palace locked and barred, while Gregory sat terror-stricken within, listening to the fierce hubbub of the mob which surrounded it. The holy chrism could not be consecrated-for the uproar took place on the Thursday in Passion-week, A.D. 580, and the festival of Easter passed by unobserved. The mob was at length, however, quieted by promises that a searching examination should be made, which was accordingly done, and the depositions, as soon as they were completed, were sent to Constantinople, where, however, an attempt was made to hush the matter up, "for the honour of Christianity, and that the priesthood might not be slandered and blasphemed." But no such motives were at work to secure the liberation of Anatolius, and, accordingly, he trusted rather to his own skill to secure his escape. He, therefore, made a public profession of Christianity, and summoned the magistrates to witness his devotions before a picture of Christ, which he had set up in his house. They came; the devotions were performed with the utmost fervour; but, the picture thrice turned with its face to the wall during their continuance, and was as often restored hastily to its place. This extraordinary perverseness of the picture excited the curiosity of the magistrates, and led to its examination; and they found, skilfully introduced into the back, an image of Apollo, and with horror dashed the impious counterfeit to the ground. And with it fell the last hopes of Anatolius and Theodore, who were at once sent to the capital, there to answer for their crimes. The change of the venue by no means, however, assured them of a fair trial, for the excitement was almost as great there as at Antioch; and Tiberius, to allay the ferment, had established a mixed tribunal of ecclesiastics and laics, for the discovery and punishment of all secret heathens, without respect of persons. But judicial proceedings were too slow to satisfy the passions of the mob, and they soon accused the judges of using their powers only for the purpose of extracting bribes. For a time, however, the presence of Tiberius held them in check; but, no sooner had he started for the Proconnesus, than the popular rage burst forth. A violent tumult arose; bands of rioters paraded the town, and the streets rang with the cries of" Out with the judges' bones; out with the heathen's bones; Christianity for ever." Their numbers soon swelled to more than a hundred Christian Riot at Constantinople. 69 thousand men ; and a cry of "Down with the Patriarch," first directed their steps to Eutychius' palace; but, when in answer to their repeated demands for his bones, he declined to appear before them in person, and sent out his chaplain in the vain hope of allaying their violence, they called for fire to burn his house over his head; and, meanwhile, occupied themselves with beating the chaplain. A dispute, however, arose among them; for a church stood within the precincts of the palace, hallowed by some martyr's bones; and, while many thought that burning the bishop would fully atone for destroying church and all, others condemned this course as sacrilege, and their words at length prevailed, and so the Patriarch escaped. And now they bent their steps to the great hall of Placidius, where the commission helds it sittings, and where they hoped to lay their hands upon the patricians and high officers of Church. and State, who formed its members. But they had taken flight, and the rioters, on bursting through the gates, found the court empty. And now, rambling from room to room, they discovered no heathens; but, at length, a chamber stored with imperial gold. The sentinel, with good reason, terrified at their presence, exclaimed, "My masters, use no violence; if ye want gold, see here is plenty;" but, they fiercely answered, "We are no thieves; we are Christians, assembled in Christ's behalf, to avenge His wrongs upon the wicked heathen; keep thy gold, we touch it not." At length, in the vaults below, they found two prisoners, the one, a woman, the other, the son of the hapless Theodore; and, delighted at having at length secured some victims of flesh and blood, they dragged them to the sea-shore, and hastily piling around them a heap of wood, commanded the public executioner to set it on fire. He firmly refused; but some zealot hand was ready, and, as the pile burst into flames, they seized the executioner, and tossed him into it; but, more fortunate than the two prisoners who perished in the fire, he escaped with his clothes blazing, and rushing into the sea, waded out of their reach, and waited till a new victim called off their rage. They found one in the Consul Sebastian, to whose residence they next proceeded, setting on their way all prisoners free, and crying, as they burst the doors-"Ye let heathens go; why keep ye Christians in prison?"-Sebastian himself was suspected of a secret liking for Jupiter, but, he proved himself now a man of the utmost discretion; for he at once joined the mob, and showed so much spirit in the cause, that they even sent him as their spokesman to Tiberius, to acquaint him with their doings. And soon afterwards, the rioters followed in his track, adding to their previous cries, the expression of the popular hatred against the Arians, and demanding that the trials of those suspected of heathenism, should be held in open court. Tiberius, having no choice, granted all they asked, and promised to return in person, to see that the search was strictly carried out. His proceedings are now marked with the utmost prudence; for, while on the one hand, he gathers an armed force, he endeavours, on the other, to allay the ferment of men's minds, by an equestrian entertainment in the Hippodrome. But this attempt at compromise was not well received; and the cries which resounded there, were only appeased by the Emperor rising, and promising that the strictest inquiry shall be made into the religious conduct of all suspected parties. A search was, however, made after the ringleaders of the mob, and as numbers of Jews, Samaritans, and heretics had joined in the uproar, for the sake of plunder, the new Consul Julian,-for Sebastian was removed from office until he could clear his Christianity from suspicion," being," as John remarks, wise man, let them bear the full brunt of the imperial anger; crucifying many, and banishing more, while the Christians escaped with at most a scourging, and that more in pretence than in reality." But, even this was soon discontinued; for a certain storekeeper being condemned to the scourge, cried out, that he was ready not merely to be scourged, but to give his head for Christ's sake. And the consul alarmed at the fanatic temper of the mob, exclaimed, "The man seeks martyrdom at my hands;" and hastily proceeding to Tiberius, prevailed upon him to grant a general amnesty; or, as John, in the topsy-turvy Latin, with which his Syriac is richly adorned, calls it an induglentia. And, at length, Tiberius was forced to submit to the popular will, and decreed the formal appointment of an inquisition to search after and punish all persons guilty of heathenism. It was to sit with open doors, and all the great officers of state were to be members of the court; and whoever was absent at its opening was "to lose his girdle," or, in other words, "be stripped of his office;" for, as Chrysostom tells us, "No man could enter the imperial presence without girdle and chlamys." The high dignitaries met therefore on the appointed day, and the depositions were laid before them, and at nightfall they were still sitting, "fasting," says John, "and full of grief." Their first act was to condemn Anatolius to death; and the manner of his punishment shows the cruel temper of the times: for after being tortured, he was cast to the wild beasts, from whose claws his lacerated, but still living body was snatched, and hung in protracted anguish upon a cross. His secretary, Theodore, was next put to the question; but as his confession was not considered satisfactory, he was reserved for fresh tortures the following day. But when the officers on the morrow went to the prison, he was Acquital of the Patriarch Gregory. 71 All dead; and strange rumours were whispered around the capital as to the means whereby his mouth was closed for ever. that the council could now do was to vent its anger on his which they condemned to be burnt, but finally gave it an "ass' burial" in a ditch, just outside the city walls. corpse, And these first victims served but to inaugurate a reign of terror: for the popular appetite for blood was roused, and every day fresh informations poured in; and not merely were throngs of the citizens of Constantinople dragged to prison, but people of all ranks from Syria and Asia were summoned to answer to charges of the vaguest kind. And, in the general excitement, condemnation followed quick and sure upon even the least breath of suspicion nor did the death of Tiberius cause any change, for his successor Maurice, continued the quest, and it became a recognised institution of the State. And so the last embers of heathenism were trodden out by no gentle or Christian means: for the punishment was to be cast to the wild beasts, and then burnt. And what was the general temper of men's minds, may be judged from the words with which our historian concludes his recital: "For so," he says, "they received the punishment which they deserved." The Patriarch Gregory, meanwhile waited for his opportunity, and succeeded both in restoring himself to imperial favour, and also in ingratiating himself with his flock. The charge, indeed, against him of heathenism, seems to have been entirely suppressed, not only because of the scandal to Christianity, but also, because, as John says, 66 numerous persons of rank and note were endangered thereby ;" and the accusation of incontinence, mentioned by Evagrius, who accompanied him to Constantinople as his advocate, was evidently untrue. His journey, however, cost him many talents, in presents to the leading men; and though the Patriarch of Constantinople, as John testifies, did not himself receive bribes, much money was usefully spent in obtaining the goodwill of those who had most influence over him. And so, when all expected daily that the process would be entered into, he was honourably dismissed. And, as he well knew the temper of his flock, he obtained from the Emperor permission to build them-not a cathedral, but a hippodrome; returned, accompanied by a troop of pantomimists, "whereat many mocked, and said, will this man build us a house of Satan? but others mourned and were sad." Such, then, is the picture of the sixth century in Church and State, drawn for us by a contemporary hand; and the effect possibly may be to make us more contented with things as they are, instead of sighing after an ideal, of which no traces are to be found in the pages of history. ART. IV.-Wanderings of an Artist among the Indians of North America. By PAUL KANE. London: Longman and Co. 1859. "ON my return to Canada from the Continent of Europe," says Mr Paul Kane, "where I had passed nearly four years in studying my profession as a painter, I determined to devote whatever talents and proficiency I possessed, to the painting of a series of pictures illustrative of the North American Indians and Scenery. The subject was one in which I felt a deep interest in my boyhood. I had been accustomed to see hundreds of Indians about my native village, then Little York, muddy and dirty, just struggling into existence, now the city of Toronto, bursting forth in all its energy and strength. But the face of the red man is now no longer seen. All traces of his footsteps are fast being obliterated from his once favourite haunts, and those who would see the aborigines of this country in their original state, or seek to study their native manners and customs, must travel far through the pathless forest to find them." The tract of country through which our author wandered is one full of interest to the philanthropist, the naturalist, and the artist. Taking Toronto for a starting point, he set out on the 17th of June 1845, and traversed the regions bordering on the great chain of American Lakes-visited the Red River Settlement of the Hudson's Bay Company-passed through the magnificent prairies that stretch out from the valley of Sascatchawan-crossed the Rocky Mountains-followed the course of the Columbia River to Oregon City-and turned northward to Puget's Sound and Vancouver Island, "where," he says, "the recent gold discoveries in the vicinity have drawn thousands of hardy adventurers to those wild scenes among which I strayed alone, and scarcely meeting a white man, or hearing the sound of my own language." We propose to follow the record of the author's wanderings, and to indicate such points as are likely to interest our readers. The sketches of scenery, the legends and traditions of wild Indian tribes, and the story of personal perils from "Blackfeet and buffaloes," might form the ground-work for another song like "Hiawatha." In Mr Kane's jottings they are set before us fresh"With the odours of the forest, With the dew and damp of meadows, |