Sec. 19. ORDERS OF INJUNCTION OR RESTRAINING ORDERS REQUIREMENTS.

reasons, be spe

scribe acts to be

SEC. 19. That every order of injunction or restraining Must set forth order shall set forth the reasons for the issuance of the cific, and desame, shall be specific in terms, and shall describe in rea- restrained. sonable detail, and not by reference to the bill of complaint or other document, the act or acts sought to be restrained, and shall be binding only upon the parties to Binding only the suit, their officers, agents, servants, employees, and ont parties to attorneys, or those in active concert or participating with cers, etc. them, and who shall, by personal service or otherwise, have received actual notice of the same.

Sec. 20. RESTRAINING ORDERS OR INJUNCTIONS BETWEEN AN EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEES, EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES, ETC., INVOLVING OR GROWING OUT OF TERMS OR CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT.

suit,

SEC. 20. That no restraining order or injunction shall be granted by any court of the United States, or a judge or the judges thereof, in any case between an employer and employees, or between employers and employees, or between employees, or between persons employed and persons seeking employment, involving, or growing out of, a dispute concerning terms or conditions of employment, unless necessary to prevent irreparable injury to property, or to a property right, of the party making the to prevent irrepapplication, for which injury there is no adequate remedy at law, and such property or property right must be described with particularity in the application, which erty rights must must be in writing and sworn to by the applicant or by particularity. his agent or attorney.

Not to issue unless necessary arable injury.

Threatened

property or prop

be described with

any person or per

nating any rela

ment, recomby peaceful

etc.

And no such restraining order or injunction shall pro- Not to prohibit hibit any person or persons, whether singly or in concert, sons from termifrom terminating any relation of employment, or from tion of employceasing to perform any work or labor, or from recommending others mending, advising, or persuading others by peaceful means so to do, means so to do; or from attending at any place where any such person or persons may lawfully be, for the purpose of peacefully obtaining or communicating information, or from peacefully persuading any person to work or to abstain from working; or from ceasing to patronize or to employ any party to such dispute, or from recommending, advising, or persuading others by peaceful and lawful means so to do; or from paying or giving to, or withholding from, any person engaged in such dispute,

Sec. 20. RESTRAINING ORDERS OR INJUNCTIONS BETWEEN AN EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEES, EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES, ETC., INVOLVING OR GROWING OUT OF TERMS OR CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT-Contd. any strike benefits or other moneys or things of value; or from peaceably assembling in a lawful manner, and for lawful purposes; or from doing any act or thing which might lawfully be done in the absence of such disActs specified pute by any party thereto; nor shall any of the acts specinot to be considfied in this paragraph be considered or held to be viola

in this paragraph

ered violations of

any law of the tions of any law of the United States.

United States.

Sec. 21. DISOBEDIENCE OF ANY LAWFUL WRIT, PROCESS, ETC., OF ANY UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT, OR ANY DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COURT.

SEC. 21. That any person who shall willfully disobey any lawful writ, process, order, rule, decree, or command of any district court of the United States or any court of the District of Columbia by doing any act or thing therein, or thereby forbidden to be done by him, if the If act done also act or thing so done by him be of such character as to confense under laws stitute also a criminal offense under any statute of the or of State in United States, or under the laws of any State in which person to be pro- the act was committed, shall be proceeded against for his hereinafter pro- said contempt as hereinafter provided.

criminal of

of United States

which committed,

ceeded against as

vided.

may issue rule to

person charged

Sec. 22. RULE TO SHOW CAUSE OR ARREST. TRIAL. PENALTIES.

SEC. 22. That whenever it shall be made to appear to any district court or judge thereof, or to any judge therein sitting, by the return of a proper officer on lawful process, or upon the affidavit of some credible person, or by information filed by any district attorney, that there is reasonable ground to believe that any person has been Court or judge guilty of such contempt, the court or judge thereof, or show cause why any judge therein sitting, may issue a rule requiring the should not be said person so charged to show cause upon a day certain why he should not be punished therefor, which rule, together with a copy of the affidavit or information, shall be served upon the person charged, with sufficient promptness to enable him to prepare for and make return to the order at the time fixed therein. If upon or by such reTrial if alleged turn, in the judgment of the court, the alleged contempt ficiently purged be not sufficiently purged, a trial shall be directed at a time and place fixed by the court: Provided, however,

punished.

contempt not suf

by return.

That if the accused, being a natural person, fail or refuse Failure of nat ural person to to make return to the rule to show cause, an attachment make return. Attachment against may issue against his person to compel an answer, and in person. case of his continued failure or refusal, or if for any reason it be impracticable to dispose of the matter on the return day, he may be required to give reasonable bail for his attendance at the trial and his submission to the final judgment of the court. Where the accused is a body If body corpo corporate, an attachment for the sequestration of its for sequestration property may be issued upon like refusal or failure to

answer.

rate, attachment

of its property.

Trial may be by court or, updemand of ac

on

cused, by jury.

In all cases within the purview of this Act such trial may be by the court, or, upon demand of the accused, by a jury; in which latter event the court may impanel a jury from the jurors then in attendance, or the court or the judge thereof in chambers may cause a sufficient number of jurors to be selected and summoned, as provided by law, to attend at the time and place of trial, at which time a jury shall be selected and impaneled as upon a trial for, Trial to conmisdeameanor; and such trial shall conform, as near as in criminal cases may be, to the practice in criminal cases prosecuted by dictment or upon indictment or upon information.

form to practice

prosecuted by in

information.

Penalty, fine

or imprisonment,

or both.

Fine paid to United States or

or

other party in

cused natural

United States not

If the accused be found guilty, judgment shall be entered accordingly, prescribing the punishment, either by fine or imprisonment, or both, in the discretion of the court. Such fine shall be paid to the United States or to the complainant or other party injured by the act con- complainant stituting the contempt, or may, where more than one is so jured. If acdamaged, be divided or apportioned among them as the person, fine to court may direct, but in no case shall the fine to be paid to exceed $1,000. to the United States exceed, in case the accused is a natural person, the sum of $1,000, nor shall such imprisonment exceed the term of six months: Provided, That in any case the court or a judge thereof may, for good cause shown, by affidavit or proof taken in open court or before with rule and issuch judge and filed with the papers in the case, dispense for arrest. with the rule to show cause, and may issue an attachment for the arrest of the person charged with contempt; in which event such person, when arrested, shall be brought Accused to be before such court or a judge thereof without unnecessary judge promptly delay and shall be admitted to bail in a reasonable penalty bail. for his appearance to answer to the charge or for trial for same as if rule the contempt; and thereafter the proceedings shall be the same as provided herein in case the rule had issued in the first instance.

Court or judge may dispense

sue attachment

brought before and admitted to Proceed

ings thereafter

had issued.

Evidence may be preserved by

viewable upon

Sec. 23. EVIDENCE. APPEALS.

SEC. 23. That the evidence taken upon the trial of any bill of exceptions. persons so accused may be preserved by bill of exceptions, Judgment re and any judgment of conviction may be reviewed upon writ of error. writ of error in all respects as now provided by law in criminal cases, and may be affirmed, reversed, or modified Granting of as justice may require. Upon the granting of such writ cution, and of error, execution of judgment shall be stayed, and the Accused to be accused, if thereby sentenced to imprisonment, shall be admitted to bail in such reasonable sum as may be required by the court, or by any justice, or any judge of any district court of the United States or any court of the District of Columbia.

writ to stay exe

admitted to bail.

Committed in or near presence

in suit or action

of United States,

Sec. 24. CASES OF CONTEMPT NOT SPECIFICALLY EMBRACED IN SEC. 21 NOT AFFECTED.

SEC. 24. That nothing herein contained shall be conof court, or strued to relate to contempts committed in the presence In disobedience of the court, or so near thereto as to obstruct the adminisof any lawful writ or process tration of justice, nor to contempts committed in disby or in behalf obedience of any lawful writ, process, order, rule, decree, or command entered in any suit or action brought or And other cases prosecuted in the name of, or on behalf of, the United Punished in States, but the same, and all other cases of contempt not prevailing usages specifically embraced within section twenty-one of this 'Act, may be punished in conformity to the usages at law and in equity now prevailing.

not in sec. 21.

conformity with

at law and in equity.

Must be instituted within one year.

criminal prosecu

tion.

Sec. 25. PROCEEDINGS FOR CONTEMPT.

LIMITATIONS.

SEC. 25. That no proceeding for contempt shall be instituted against any person unless begun within one year Not a bar to from the date of the act complained of; nor shall any such proceeding be a bar to any criminal prosecution for Pending pro- the same act or acts; but nothing herein contained shall affect any proceedings in contempt pending at the time of the passage of this Act.

ceedings not affected.

Sec. 26. INVALIDITY OF ANY CLAUSE, SENTENCE, ETC., NOT TO IMPAIR REMAINDER OF ACT.

SEC. 26. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, or part of this Act shall, for any reason, be adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment But to be con- shall not affect, impair, or invalidate the remainder Aned to clause thereof, but shall be confined in its operation to the clause, sentence, paragraph, or part thereof directly involved in the controversy in which such judgment shall have been rendered.

sentence, etc., directly involved.

Approved, October 15, 1914.

WEBB ACT.1

[Approved Apr. 10, 1918.]

[PUBLIC-No. 126-65TH CONGRESS.]

[H. R. 2316.]

AN ACT To promote export trade, and for other purposes.

Sec. 1. DEFINITIONS.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the words "export trade" wherever used in "Export trade." this Act mean solely trade or commerce in goods, wares, or merchandise exported, or in the course of being exported from the United States or any Territory thereof to any foreign nation; but the words "export trade" shall not be deemed to include the production, manufacture, or selling for consumption or for resale, within the United States or any Territory thereof, of such goods, wares, or merchandise, or any act in the course of such production, manufacture, or selling for consumption or for resale.

"Trade within the United

That the words "trade within the United States" wherever used in this Act mean trade or commerce among States." the several States or in any Territory of the United States, or in the District of Columbia, or between any such Territory and another, or between any such Territory or Territories and any State or States or the District of Columbia, or between the District of Columbia and any State or States.

That the word "Association" wherever used in this "Association." Act means any corporation or combination, by contract

or otherwise, of two or more persons, partnerships, or corporations.

Sec. 2. ASSOCIATION FOR OR AGREEMENT OR ACT MADE OR DONE IN COURSE OF EXPORT TRADE-STATUS UNDER SHERMAN ANTITRUST LAW.

illegal if organgaged in export

SEC. 2. That nothing contained in the Act entitled "An Association not Act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful re- ized for and enstraints and monopolies," approved July second, eighteen trade solely. hundred and ninety,2 shall be construed as declaring to be illegal an association entered into for the sole purpose of engaging in export trade and actually engaged solely in

1 With the exception of a reference thereto in the case of United States v. United States Steel Corporation, 251 U: S. 417 at 453, and in Er Parte Lamar, 274 Fed. 160 at 171, this act appears as yet neither to have been involved in nor referred to in any reported case.

2 For text of Sherman Act, see footnote on pp. 503-505.