several years afterwards, we find the author dedicating it to another patron, and giving to it the better-known name of Mir-átu-s Safá, in which he most amusingly changes, omits, or adds sectarian passages to render his book acceptable to a Sunni, instead of a Shi'a.

The Burhánu-l Futúh has certainly great merit in its close attention to dates, which make it a very useful book of reference, though in other respects it is too short to be of any particular value. The matter is a little expanded towards the close of the Dehlí history, which is brought down to the very year in which it was written. It is divided into an Introduction, eighteen Books, and a Conclusion. The Books are divided into several Chapters, and they again are subdivided into Sections. The following Table will show the miscellaneous nature of their contents.

CONTENTS.

Preface, p. 1.

Introduction. The advantages and objects of the study of history, p. 13.

BOOK I.-An Account of the Creation of the world, the birth of Adam and the histories of the Prophets, Kings and learned men who flourished before the advent of Muhammad, p. 19.Chap. i. The Creation of the world, p. 19; ii. The Prophets, p. 21; iii. The learned men, p. 52; iv. The Emperors of Persia to whom all the Kings of the world paid tribute, p. 55: Sec. 1. The Peshdádians, p. 55; 2. The Kaiánians, p. 60; 3. The Askánians, p. 70; 4. The Sássánians, or Akásiras, p. 71.

BOOK II.-History of Muhammad and the Imáms, in seventeen Chapters, p. 81.—Chap. i. The history of the Prophet, p. 81: Sec. 1. His genealogy, p. 81; 2. His birth, p. 81; 3. From his birth to his mission, p. 82; 4. From his mission to his flight, p. 83; 5. From his flight to his death, p. 84; 6. His lineal descendants, p. 97; 7. His wives, p. 97; 8. His uncles and aunts, p. 98; 9. His friends, p. 99; 10. His estate, p. 100.

Chap. ii. Fátima, p. 100; iii. Hazrat 'Alí, p. 101: Sec. 1. His birth and death, p. 101; 2. His children, p. 102.-Chap. iv. Imám Hasan, p. 103: Sec. 1. His birth and death, p 103; 2. His children, p. 103.-Chap. v. Imám Husain, p. 103: Sec. 1. His birth and death, p. 104; 2. His children, p. 105.—Chap. vi. Imám Zainu-l 'Abidín, p. 106: Sec. 1. His birth and death, p. 106; 2. His children, p. 106.-Chap. vii. Imám Muhammad Bákir, p. 106: Sec. 1. His birth and death, p. 106; 2. His children, p. 107.-Chap. viii. Imám Ja'far Sádik, p. 107: Sec. 1. His birth and death, p. 107; 2. His children, p. 107.—Chap. ix. Imám Músa Kázim, p. 107: Sec. 1. His birth and death, p. 107; 2. His children, p. 107.-Chap. x. Imám 'Alí, son of Músa Razá, p. 108; xi. Imám Muhammad Takí, p. 108: Sec. 1. His birth and death, p. 108; 2. His children, p. 108.— Chap. xii. Imám 'Alí Nakí, p. 108: Sec. 1. His birth and death, p. 108; 2. His children, p. 108.-Chap. xiii. Imám Hasan Askarí, p. 108; xiv. Muhammad Mahdí, p. 109; xv. The relatives of Muhammad, p. 110; xvi. The companions of Muhammad, p. 112: Sec. 1. The companions of his flight, p. 112; 2. The Ansárs, p. 116; 3. The pretended converts, p. 119; 4. His dependents who had no less rank than the companions, p. 121.-Chap. xvii. Some of the Saiyids, p. 122.

BOOK III.-The Khalífas, p. 126.-Chap. i. The first four Khalífas, p. 126; ii. The 'Ummayide Khalífas, p. 139; iii. The 'Abbaside Khalífas, p. 144; iv. The Isma'ílian Khalifas who ruled in Egypt, Hijjáz and the western countries, p. 148.

BOOK IV. Some of the Saiyids who governed in Andalusia,

p. 150.

BOOK V.-History of the Persian Kings, in nineteen Chapters, p. 152.-Chap. i. Táhirian Kings of Khurásán, p. 152; ii. Saffárians of Sístán and Khurásán, p. 153; iii. Sámániáns, p. 153; iv. Ghaznivides, p. 156; v. Buwaihides, or Dailamas, p. 159; vi. Saljúkians, p. 163: Sec. 1. Those who reigned in Irán, p. 163; 2. Those who governed in Kirmán, p. 168; 3. Those who ruled in Rúm, p. 168.-Chap. vii. Khwá

rizm-sháhís, p. 169; viii. Ismaʼílians, etc., p. 171; ix. Atábaks of Músal, p. 173; x. Atábaks of Azarbáíján, p. 174; xi. Atábaks of Fárs and Shíráz, p. 174; xii. Atábaks of Lúristán, p. 175; xiii. Ghorians of Khurásán, p. 175; xiv. Kirits of Hirát, p. 176; xv. Kings of Mázandarán, p. 177: Sec. 1. Ancient Kings of Mázandarán, p. 177; 2. Modern Kings of Mázandarán, p. 179.-Chap. xvi. Kings of Rustamdár, p. 182; xvii. Kings of Sístán, p. 184; xviii. Sultáns of Lár, p. 185; xix. Shirwán-sháhís, p. 187.

BOOK VI.-Chiefs of Arabia, p. 188.-Chap. i. Sultáns of Júiza, p. 188; ii. Sultáns of Yemen, p. 189; iii. Sultáns of Misr and Shám, p. 192; iv. Hamadánites, p. 195; v. 'Akílites, 196; vi. Asadides, p. 197.

BOOK VII.-House of Changíz Khán and its branches, p. 197.—Chap. i. The house of Changíz Khán, p. 197; ii. Ilkánians, p. 213; iii. Chaupánians, p. 214; iv. Kará-khitáians, p. 215; v. Muzaffarians, p. 216; vi. Sarbadária Kings of Sabzawár, p. 220; vii. Sultáns of the Kará-Kúínlú, p. 221; viii. Sultáns of the Ak-Kúínlú, p. 222.

BOOK VIII.-Tímúr and his descendants who ruled over Irán ⚫ and Túrán, p. 224.

BOOK IX.-Saffaví Kings, p. 240.

BOOK X.-Osmánlís of Rúm, p. 276.

BOOK XI.-Shaibání descendants of Changíz Khán, p. 290. BOOK XII.-Kings of Dehlí.-Chap. i. Kings who ruled before Tímúr, p. 295; ii. Descendants of Tímúr who reigned in Hindústán, p. 299.

BOOK XIII.-Minor Dynasties of Hindústán, p. 340.—Chap. i. Báhmaní Kings of the Dakhin, p. 340; ii. Nizám-sháhís, p. 343; iii. 'Adil-sháhí Kings of Bíjápúr, p. 345; iv. Kutb-sháhí Kings of Haidarábád, p. 347; v. 'Imád-sháhí Kings of Birár, p. 350; vi. Barídia Kings of Bidar, p. 350; vii. Kings of Gujarát, p. 351; viii. Sultáns of Málwá, p. 353; ix. Sultáns of Khandesh and Burhanpúr, p. 354; x. Sultáns of Bengal, p. 355; xi. Sultáns of Jaunpúr, p. 359; xii. Sultáns of Sind, p. 359; xiii.

Sultáns of Multán, p. 360; xiv. Kings of Kashmir, p. 361; xv. Sultáns of Little Tibet, p. 363.

BOOK XIV.-Muhammadan religious and learned men, p. 364.-Chap. i. Learned Shi'as, p. 364; ii. Learned Sunnis, p. 370.

BOOK XV.-Súfis and great Saints, p. 383.

BOOK XVI. Celebrated Poets.-Chap. i. Arabic Poets, p. 392; Persian Poets, p. 393.

BOOK XVII.-Miscellaneous occurrences since the establishment of the Hijra era, p. 407.

BOOK XVIII.-Tribes of Arabia and Persia, p. 409.—Chap. i. Those of Arabia, p. 409; ii. Those of Persia, p. 412.

Conclusion-Chronological Tables of Dynasties, p. 415.
SIZE-Small folio, containing 426 pages, with 18 lines to a

page.

The Burhánu-l Futúh is quite unknown. I am fortunate enough to possess the autograph of the author, written in the year of composition, and no doubt the identical one presented to Nawab Sa'ádat Khán, and stolen from the Royal Library. I procured it in a bázár at Lucknow.

[The Extracts were translated by a munshi, and corrected by Sir H. M. Elliot. They differ in some respects from a new copy of the Mir-átu-s Safá belonging to Sir Henry.]

EXTRACTS.

In this year (1121 A.H., 1709 A.D.), in consequence of the rebellion and disturbances which were raised by Tárá Báí, wife of Sambhá, son of Sivá, Mír Ahmad Khán, Governor of Burhánpúr, was killed in the month of Safar, and great tumult arose in that city, equal to what may be expected in the day of resurrection. In the city, besides Saiyid Zainu-d dín Khán Kotwal, who was left for its protection, there was also the father of the compiler of these leaves, who was appointed master of the royal ordnance. Mír Ahmad Khán had sent them with orders to defend the ramparts of the city wall, and fortify the bastions.

They used all their efforts to save the city and repel the enemy. The insurgents laid siege to the fort for eighteen days, and made great endeavours to take the city. They succeeded in burning many villages, and most of the mansabdárs who had accompanied Mír Ahmad Khán were taken prisoners by the enemy, who extorted something or other from all of them. From Fidwíyat Khán Bakhshí 25,000 rupees were taken, and in the same manner some gave one thousand, and others less. Sharafu-d dín Khán, accountant of the household expenses, being well versed in the art of music, declared that he was a singer of Mír Ahmad Khán, and thus easily obtained his release. The other nobles said that they were barbers, and, after shaving, obtained their freedom from the place of destruction without paying any money. With Mir Ahmad Khán, nineteen relatives of his were slain. Zafar Khán, who was one of the respectable inhabitants of the city, and had no one equal to him in bravery, though severely wounded, escaped into the city with the greatest difficulty. Sharza Khán Dakhiní, surnamed Şaiyid Rustam Khán, one of the chief nobles who resided at Bálápur, in Birár, came with the utmost speed to relieve Burhánpúr, and as he had a large force, the enemy raised the siege and took to flight. His Majesty granted the governorship of Burhánpúr to Saiyid Rustam Khán.

Various events which have occurred during the Hijra era.

A.H. 14.-Discovery of the composition of gunpowder. A.H. 64.-'Abdu-llah, son of Zahír, built the temple of Mecca. A.H. 75.-Money first coined by the Muhammadans. The dinár was a coin of Rúm, and the dirham of Persia.

A.H. 180.-Fall of the tower in Alexandria in an earthquake. A.H. 237.-A great fiery meteor appeared in 'Askalan, which was for a long time suspended between heaven and earth.

A.H. 242.-A dreadful earthquake occurred and inflicted great damage throughout the world.

A.H. 244.-A terrible noise was heard in Akhlát about the