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CHAPTER CLIV.

Hamilton chosen President-General of Cincinnati-Proceeds to Jersey
to disband troops-Adams consults Hamilton as to appointment of
Smith colonel of a regiment-Hamilton's reply-Adams' offensive
answer-Smith appointed in Custom-House-Hamilton frames bill
as to articles of war-A system of tactics completed-Tactics of in-
fantry by Hamilton-Proceeds to Oxford to disband troops-Festival
to him at Boston-Terminates his official career-State of politics-
Hamilton as to Adams-Pickering attacked and fully vindicated-
Adams attempts to gain public feeling-His calumnies of the Federal-
ists-His own contradiction-Assails and approves England-Hamil-
ton contemplates a vindication of Federalists-Consults Wolcott, who
approves of it—Ames' opinion of Adams-Hamilton's demand upon
Adams as to charge of a British faction-Hamilton to Bayard-Prob-
able success of Jefferson or Burr-His character-Ames and Cabot

approve exposition of causes of distrust of Adams-His extravagances

-Hamilton's renewed demand upon Adams-Hamilton decides on

exposition of Adams' conduct-Adams' calumny on the Pinckneys

-His weak apology-Washington's disgust-Hamilton's exposition

of Adams-Purloined, and parts stealthily copied by Burr and his

tools-Bad faith toward Pinckney-His manly honor loses the Pre-

sidency-Gunn to Hamilton, .

CHAPTER CLV.

Discord and compromise in Pennsylvania—Adams' veering policy-At-
tempts to conciliate Democrats derided-His compromising speech to
Congress Addresses of Congress-Propositions to amend Constitu-
tion as to choice of Presidential electors-Bill to organize courts of
United States-Act passed to continue internal revenue and direct
tax valuation amended-Convention with France reaches United
States-Ellsworth to Hamilton-Instructions to envoys-Ultimata—
Course of negotiation-Convention entered into-Its provisions-Dis-
satisfaction of Federal Senators disclosed to Hamilton-Hamilton
disapproves certain of its features, but advises its ratification-Its
effects-Ellsworth resigns as chief justice-Jay nominated to this

office, but declines it-Commends Adams and displeases Federalists

-Marshall appointed Chief Justice-Pledge to Burr by Congression-

al caucus of Democrats-Madison to Monroe, urging its fulfilment-

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389

Attempt to divert a vote from Jefferson in New York College-Con-

templated diversion in South Carolina-Parity of votes between Jef-

ferson and Burr-Jefferson to Livingston, cajoling letter-Jefferson

attempts to cajole Burr, and venom toward Hamilton-Burr's reply

-Explanatory letter of Jefferson to Burr-Jefferson to Madison, as

to his prospects-Madison's extraordinary suggestion-Proposal to

organize militia of Virginia-Of a convention of the United States-

A Federal executive council-Violent suspicions of Hamilton, .

CHAPTER CLVI.

Hamilton decides the choice of President-His letters to Wolcott, urging

preference of Jefferson to Burr-Jefferson to pledge himself as to cer-

tain national measures-Otis to Hamilton-Letter of Sedgewick, pre.

ferring Jefferson-Hamilton's reply-Reply to Otis-Hamilton to

Gouverneur Morris, deprecating project of preventing an election-

Reply of Marshall, utter distrust of Jefferson-Hamilton to Bayard,

the character of Burr, his relations with Jefferson-Interview of

Jefferson and Adams-Adams not averse to an usurpation-Des-

perate projects of the Democrats-Hamilton to Rutledge, and reply;

preference of Burr-Overtures of certain Federalists to Burr-Hamil-

ton to Ross, character of Burr-Urges preference of Jefferson, requir-

ing pledges as to his policy,.

CHAPTER CLVII.

Sedgewick to Hamilton, giving reasons for supporting Burr-Bayard to

Hamilton-Reply, character of Burr-Electoral votes counted in

Senate-Final result of ballots-Jefferson elected-Bayard as to

course in House-Corrupt bargains for Jefferson-Votes purchased

by promises of office-Consequent appointments-Non-intercourse

act as to France expires, and not renewed-Sedition act expires-

Adams leaves seat of Government-Jefferson inaugurated-Extracts

speech of Bayard, .

CHAPTER CLVIII.

Jefferson asks support of Senate-His inaugural Address-Its reception
-Letters to his partisans, and calumnies on his opponents-His
policy as to removals-Urgency of his friends for place-Sneers at
Christian religion-Giles fears moderation-Jefferson's reply-Rush
to Jefferson-Jefferson admits integrity of Federal officers to Knox,

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410

434

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respect for Federalists-Calumny upon Hamilton-Jefferson to

Samuel Adams and to Gerry-Callender menaces Jefferson with ex-

posure-Alarm-Jefferson invites Paine to United States-Paine's

slanders upon Washington-Jefferson shrinks from innovations, ex-

cept omission of forms-Reduction of army, economy and sub-

mission to foreign events-Apprehensions of cession of Louis-

iana to France-Madison appointed Secretary of State-Dearborn

of War-Lincoln Attorney-General-Jefferson to Madison, as to

Secretary of Navy-Livingston, Smiths, Langdon, Tobias Lear-Ap-

peals to public favor-Prosecution against Duane discontinued-

Fine imposed on Callender remitted-Hamilton at his country resi-

dence-His interest in rural objects-Journey to Albany-Confer-

ences with Federalists-Writes answer to a Democratic address, vin-

dicating policy of Federalists-Its important topics-State of parties

-Hamilton's speech prior to election in New York-Clinton chosen

Governor-His eldest son killed in a duel-Democratic majority

elected to Senate of United States-Removals and appointments by

Jefferson-Asks for a proscriptive Act-Appoints Gallatin Secretary

of the Treasury-Robert Smith, Secretary of Navy-Charles Pinck-

ney envoy to Spain-Gideon Granger Postmaster-General-Legations

to Holland and Portugal withdrawn-Abuse of patronage-Clamor of

Federalists-Propitious condition of public affairs, result of Federal

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469

CHAPTER CLIX.

Meeting of Congress-Democratic majority in each branch-Macon

Speaker of House-Jefferson sends a message-Its topics-Hamilton

writes an "Examination" of it-Call for accounts of Pickering-

Hamilton as to specific appropriations-Jefferson concurs-State of

finances-Gallatin yields to Jefferson, and reports in favor of aboli-

tion of internal revenue-

e—Injurious consequences -Gallatin ultimate-

ly approves Hamilton's financial system-Virginia leader in House,
John Randolph-Virginia leader in Senate, Wilson Cary Nicholas-
Randolph's resolutions-Reduction of duties-Compensation for
French spoliations rejected-Internal revenue Act repealed-Hamil.
ton's comment-Naturalization Act altered-Hamilton's view-Army
reduced-Proposal to abolish navy department laid on table-Giles
in favor of navy-Completion of seventy-fours defeated-Jefferson
rejoices at reduction of army and navy, abolition of internal revenue,

and lopping off a part of the judiciary-Repeal of Bankrupt Act post-

poned, and a feature of it altered-Jefferson urges inquiries into past

conduct of navy and war departments-On investigation no delin-

quency found-State department clandestinely entered at night-

Pickering approved by his adversaries-Edmund Randolph a defaul-

ter-Madison circulates a mutilated copy of the report-Stoddert as-

sailed, promptly vindicates himself, and subsequently approved-

Giles' unworthy conduct-Bill as to salaries-Democrats oppose

their reduction Jefferson urges changes in Treasury department-

Gallatin pronounces it as having been perfectly organized-Hamil.

ton's fiscal plan of 1795 approved-Fallacious Act under title of an

Act for the redemption of the whole public debt passed-Its provi-

sions-A loan to France commended in "The Aurora "-Pressed by

Pichon but abandoned-False statement in relation to it,

CHAPTER CLX.

Judiciary department, originates with Hamilton-Jefferson's hostility to

it-Commissions to district judges withheld by Madison-Jeffer-

son denies power of judiciary to decide as to executive or legislative

action-Personal motives for the hostility to it of Jefferson, Madison,

and Gallatin-Hamilton examines Jefferson's contemplated attack

upon it-Necessity of its previous modification, extent and character

of it-Breckenridge's notice in Senate and Randolph's in House, of

inquiry as to alterations in judiciary department-Debate in Senate

-Bill to abolish district judges passes-Hamilton urged to call

meeting of bar-Declines so to do, and induces Chamber of Com-

merce to present a memorial against this Bill-Hamilton publishes a

view of the tenure of the judicial offices-Also of legislative power of

binding succeeding legislatures-Giles sustains abolition of judicial

offices-Bayard his leading opponent-It passes the House-Extra-

ordinary position as to tenure of all offices-Hamilton's comment-

Hamilton proposes to General Pinckney a conference of leading

Federalists-Hamilton frames resolutions for amending the Constitu-

tion-Their purport-Presented to New York Legislature and adopt-

ed-Motives to choice of Presidential electors in electoral districts-

Hamilton to G. Morris, reasons for these amendments-Hamilton's

propositions pass the House and are defeated in Senate-Morris' rea-

son for his negative vote-Hamilton's comment-Exposes Jefferson's

partiality to State Governments,

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511

543

CHAPTER CLXI.

Change in usage of Congress Standing committees-Executive influence

-Ill-treatment of Truxton by Jefferson-Bayard to Hamilton-Reply;

intrigues of Federalists with Burr; measure to recover influence sug-

gested-Prophetic speech of Hamilton-Democratic success in New

York-Hamilton to King as to state of parties-King returns to

United States-Monroe succeeds him-Opinion of Hamilton as to

power to remit or restore a fine-Callender betrays Jefferson by pub-

lishing his confidential letters-Their purport and character-Jeffer-

son had urged his defence-Jefferson's admissions and excuses-Cal-

lender is arrested-Is drowned-Paine arrives in United States-

Proceeds to seat of government-Assails Washington's memory-Is

neglected by Jefferson-Repairs to New York and dies in its vicinity

-Jefferson condemns the freedoms of the press,

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575

CHAPTER CLXIL

Jefferson's elation-Light opinions-Proposes Joel Barlow to write a
history of United States-Calumny on Marshall-Frames a travestie
of the Gospels-Vituperates New England-His altered air-Ca-
lumniates the Federalists and adopts their policy, and applauds his
own-Adams to Jefferson, their respective policies-Maligns Wash-
ington-Comments on Jefferson's speech-Impolicy of Gallatin-
Hamilton's amendments to Constitution postponed-Ohio becomes a
State-Its democratic constitution-Gunboats authorized-England
repeals her discriminating tonnage duties at instance of United
States-The repeal abandoned from alarm of its unpopularity-Ces
sion of Louisiana by Spain to France-Hamilton's solicitude-Rufus
King to Madison; aversion of England to the cession-Madison's
timid instructions to Livingston-Bonaparte captures Guadaloupe
and attacks St. Domingo-Jefferson acknowledges unfriendliness of
France-Points to union with England as consequence-Proposes
cession of New Orleans by France to United States-Employs Du-
pont as sub-negotiator-Attempts false propitiation of Talleyrand-
Madison as to conduct of France-Proposes to barter restitutions and
debts due American merchants in purchase of Louisiana-Livingston
depicts French estimate of American statesmen-Madison to Pinck-
ney-Overtures to Spain-Expedition to New Orleans under Berna-