Official salaries, revision of, since
the Reform Act, iii. 386
Officers under the crown, disquali-
fied from sitting in parliament,
i. 348, 372; number of, in par-
liament, 135, 374
Oldfield, Dr., his statistics of par-
liamentary patronage, i. 361
Oliver, Mr. Alderman, proceeded
against by the Commons for
committing their messenger, ii.
44, 46
Oliver, the government spy, iii. 41
Onslow, Mr. G., ordered the house
to be cleared, to exclude the
peers, ii. 32; to hinder the re-
porting the debates, 33; com-
plained of the publication of de-
bates, 39; the soubriquet given
him by the reporters, 38
Opinion, liberty of, the last liberty
to be acquired, ii. 238; the
press, from James I. till the ac-
cession of George III., 240; the
'North Briton' prosecutions, 247;
the law of libel, 252; political
agitation by public meetings,
265; by associations, 269; de-
mocratic associations, 279; re-
pressive measures, 1792-99, 285;
Napoleon and the English press,
332; the press, before the Re-
gency, 336; repressive measures
under the Regency, 340; the
contest between authority and
public opinion reviewed, 363;
the Catholic Association, 368;
the press under George IV.,
376; its freedom established,
379; the Reform agitation, 383;
for repeal of the Union, 393;
Orange lodges, 400; trades'
unions, 404; the Chartists, 407;
the Anti-Corn Law League, 413;
political agitation reviewed, 417.
See also Press; Political Associa-
tions; Public Meetings
Orange societies, suppressed by
Act, ii. 371; revived, 373; or-
ganisation of, 400; in the army,
402; dissolved, 403; peculiar
working of Orange societies, ib.
Orators and oratory. See Parlia-
mentary Oratory
Orsini conspiracy, the, plotted in
England, iii. 57
Oxford University, state of feeling
at, on Catholic relief, iii. 137;
admission of dissenters to de-
grees at, 198
Oxford borough, the seat for, sold
by the corporation, i. 338
PAINE, T., tried for seditious
Pains and penalties, bill of, against
Queen Caroline, i. 131
Palmer, the Rev. T. F., trial of,
for sedition, ii. 296; comments
thereon in Parliament, 299
Palmerston, Viscount, his removal
from office, 1851, i. 160; the re-
form bill of his ministry, 456;
his resolutions on the Lords' re-
jection of the Paper Duties Bill,
ii. 110; adhered to Mr. Canning,.
ii. 189; in the Duke of Welling-
ton's ministry, 192; in office,
216; secession of the Peelites,
219; his overthrow in 1857 and
1858, 220, 221, iii. 58; his
second ministry, ii. 222; politi-
cal tranquillity under his rule,
iii. 426; his death, 429; change
of policy which ensued, 430
Papal aggression, 1850, the, iii.
227.--Court, diplomatic rela-
tions with, Bill, 230, n.
Paper duty, the, abolished, ii. 382
Paper Duties Repeal Bill (1860),
rejected by the Lords, i. 318, ii.
108
Parish, the, local affairs of, admin-
istered by vestries, iii. 276
Parke, Sir J. See Wensleydale,
Baron
Parliament, government by, es-
tablished at the Revolution, i. 1;
constitutional position of, at the
accession of George III., 2, 16;
violation of parliamentary pri-
vileges by the crown, 23, 28, 36,
45, 54, 143; the reform of par-
liament, 138, 308, 393; the dis-
solution of, of 1784, 86; of
1807, 116; of 1830, 417; of
1831, 141, 424; of 1834, 150;
of 1841, 158; influence of fami-
lies over parliament, 165; the
meeting of parliament during
George III.'s illnesses, 175, 207;
commissions for opening parlia-
ment during his illness, 186, 213;
second opening after King's re-
covery (1789), 189; adjourn-
ments caused by King's inability
to sign the commission for pro-
rogation, 175, 207; parliament
and the revenues of the crown,
and the civil list, 229-260; the
duration of parliament, 440;
motions for triennial parlia-
ments, 441; time between sum-
mons and meeting of, shortened,
449; relations of parliament to
the crown, the law, and the
people, ii. 1–112; the unreported
parliament, 30, n.; publication
of the debates and division lists,
34, 53, 55; petitions to parlia-
ment, 60; the publication of
parliamentary papers, 58; the
relinquishment of certain parlia-
mentary privileges, 73; privilege
and the courts of law, 75; the
publication of papers affecting
character, 78; control of parlia-
ment over the executive govern-
ment, 85; over supplies to the
crown, 108; sketch of parlia-
mentary oratory, 112; group of
parliamentary orators of the age
of Chatham and Pitt, 113; of
later times, 118; character of
modern oratory, 123; the per-
sonalities of former times, 125;
increased authority of the chair,
128. Secessions of the Whigs
from, 148, 173, 321; repression
of the press by Parliament, 244 ;
attempted intimidation of, by
the silk-weavers, 266; by the
Protestant Associations, 272;
relations of the Church and Par-
liament, iii. 226; supremacy of,
over the Irish Parliament, 305;
Parliament since the Reform
Act, 385; vast amount of public
business, 422. See also Commons,
House of; Lords, House of
Parliament (Ireland), state of, be-
fore the Union, iii. 299; exclu-
sion of Catholics, ib., 303; ex-
pired only on demise of the
Crown, 301; Poynings' Act,
303; supremacy of the English
Parliament, 305; agitation for
independence, 312, 315; sub-
mits to the permanent Mutiny
Bill, 313; independence granted,
316; corrupt influence of the
government, 317; motions for
Parliamentary Reform, 319; the
Union carried, 329
Parnell, Sir H., his views of finan-
cial policy, iii. 419
Party, influence of, in party go-
vernment, ii. 131; origin of
parties, 133; parties under the
Stuarts, and after the Revolu-
tion, 134, 136; Whigs and To-
ries, 135; their distinctive
principles, 138, 144, 223; par-
ties on the accession of George
III., 140, 145; the American
war a test of party principles,
147; secessions of the Whigs
from Parliament, 148, 173, 321;
overtures to the Whigs, 150;
commencement of a democratic
party, 151; crisis on death of
Lord Rockingham, ib.; the Coa-
lition, 153-155; ruin of the
Whigs, 156; principles of coali-
tion, 157; the Tories under Mr.
Pitt, 158, 168; the Whigs and
the Prince of Wales, 161, 178,
182; effect of the French Revo-
lution upon parties, 163, 166;
position of the Whigs, 164, 167,
171; the Tories in Scotland,
171; schism among the Tories,
174; parties on Pitt's retire-
ment from office, 175; the Whigs
in office, 1806, 177-179, iii.
124; coalesce with Lord Sid-
mouth's party, ii. 177; the Tories
reinstated, 179; position of the
Whigs, 180; the strength they
derived from the adhesion of the
middle classes, 181, 365; the
Tories under Lord Liverpool,
182-189; under Canning, 189;
influence of national distress,
and of proceedings against Queen
Caroline, upon parties, 185, 186;
increase of liberal feeling, 107;
effect of the Catholie question
upon parties, 190, 192, iii. 129,
140, 168; party divisions after
Mr. Canning's death, ii. 191;
the Duke of Wellington's mi-
nistry, ib.; secession of liberal
members from his cabinet, 192;
the Whigs restored to office,
195; supported by the demo-
cratic party, 196; Whig ascen-
dency after the Reform Acts,
198 state of parties, ib.; the
Radicals, ib.; the Irish party,
201; the Tories become Con-
servatives,' 203; increase in
power, ib.; breaking up of Earl
Grey's ministry, 204; dismissal
of Lord Melbourne's ministry,
205; Liberals reunited against
Sir R. Peel, ib.; his liberal po-
licy alarms the Tories, ib.; par-
ties under Lord Melbourne, 206;
a conservative reaction, 208;
effect of Peel's free-trade policy
upon the Conservatives, 211,
212; the obligations of a party
leader, 214; the Whigs in office,
216; Lord Derby's first ministry,
ib.; coalition of Whigs and Peel-
ites under Lord Aberdeen, 217;
fall of his ministry, 218; the
Peelites retire from Lord Palmer-
ston's first administration, 219;
his overthrows, in 1857 and
1858, 220; Lord Derby's second
ministry, 221; passed the Jew-
ish Relief Act, iii. 186; Lord
Palmerston's second adminis-
tration, ii. 222; fusion of par-
ties, 223; essential difference
between Conservatives and Li-
berals, ib.; party sections, 224;
changes in the character, &c.,
of parties, 225; politics formerly
a profession, 227; effects of
Parliamentary Reform on par-
ties, 230; the conservatism of
age, 232; statesmen under old
and new systems, ib.; patron-
age, an instrument of party,
234; review of the merits and
evils of party, 236; the press an
instrument of party, 244, 264,
265; opposition of the Whigs
to a repressive policy, 288, 357;
to the Six Acts, 358; the Habeas
Corpus Suspension Bills, 311,
iii. 12-19; the Treasonable
Practices, &c. Bills, ii. 317–
323; the Irish Church appro-
priation question adopted by the
Whigs, iii. 266; abandoned by
them, 268
Patronage, an instrument of party,
ii. 234; the effect of competi-
tion, 235; abuses of colonial
patronage, iii. 362; surrendered
to the colonies, 363
Patronage Act (Scotland), iii. 253.
See also Church of Scotland
Pease, Mr., his case cited regard-
ing Jewish disabilities, i. 85
Peel, Mr. See Peel, Sir R.
Peel, Sir R., the first, his Factory
Children Act, iii. 411
Peel, Sir R., obtained the con-
sent of George IV. to Catho-
lic emancipation, i. 137; his
first administration, 148; his
absence abroad, ib.; his mini-
sterial efforts, 150; advised
a dissolution, ib.; resignation,
153; declines to take office on
the bedchamber question,' 155;
his second administration, 158;
his anti-reform declaration, 416;
the character of his oratory, ii.
120; his commercial policy, ii.
187, iii. 418; seceded from Can-
ning on the Catholic question,
189; opposes that measure, iii.
141, 149; brings in the Relief
Act, ii. 192, iii. 168; his first
ministry, ii. 205; his policy and
fall, ib., iii. 267; his relation to
the Conservatives, ii. 209, 212;
his second ministry, 209; his
free-trade policy, 210; repeal of
corn laws, 212, 413, 416; his
obligations as a party leader,
214; obtains the bishops' con-
sent to the repeal of the Corpo-
ration and Test Acts, iii. 159;
proposes to retire from the Wel-
lington ministry, 166; loses his
seat at Oxford, 168; the Irish
Franchise Act, 172; his Dissen-
ters' Marriage Bills, 190; plan
for commutation of Irish Tithes,
266; resists the appropriation
question, ib.; proposes endow-
ment to Maynooth and the
Queen's Colleges, 270; his
scheme for Irish corporate re-
form, 294; the first minister to
revise the criminal code, 398
Peerage, the number of, i. 73; of
the United Kingdom, 281 and
n.; antiquity of, 282; claimsto,
283; changes in its composition,
284; the Scottish peerage, 286;
fusion of peerages of the three
kingdoms, 290; life peerages,
291; to women, 292; peerages
with remainders over, 293; au-
thorities favouring life peer-
ages, ib.; the Wensleydale
peerage case, 295; the peerage
in its social relations, 322.
See also Lords, House of; Ire-
land, Peerage of; Scotland,
Peerage of
Peerage Bill (1720), rejected by
the Commons, i. 275
Peers, scanty attendance of, at the
house, affecting their political
weight, i. 320; their influence
over borough and county elec-
tions, 333, 353; their exclusion
from debates in the House of
Commons, ii. 32; the Catholic,
restored to the privilege of ad-
vising the Crown, iii. 107, 148;
exempted from the oath of su-
premacy, 146; the Catholic Peers
Bill, 147; take seats in the House
of Lords, 174; creation of, to carry
the Union with Ireland, 331. See
also Lords, House of
Pelham, Mr., bribery to members,
a system under, i. 378
Peltier, J., trial of, for libel, ii.
333
Pembroke, Earl of, proscribed for
opposition to court policy, i. 54
Penryn, the disfranchisement bill,
i. 414; the proposal to transfer
the franchise to Manchester, ib.
Pensions from the crown, charged
on civil list, i. 256; on crown
revenues, ib.; restrained by par-
liament, ib., 258; consolidation
of pension list, 261; the regula-
tion of (1837), ib.; bribery by
pensions, 369; holders of, dis-
qualified from sitting in parlia-
ment, ib.
Perceval, Mr., formed an adminis-
tration, i. 108; denied giving
secret advice to George III.,
110; the dissolution during his
ministry, 116; his relations
with the King, 117; his position
at commencement of regency,
120; obnoxious to the Regent
as adviser of Princess Caroline,
121; ministerial negotiations at
his death, 125; in office, ii. 179,
182, iii. 129
Peto, Sir M., his Dissenters Burial
Bills, iii. 193
Petitions to parliament, the right
of petitioning endangered by
George III.'s answer to the city
address touching Wilkes, ii. 20;
the commencement of the prac-
tice, 60; of political petitions,
61; forbidden under Charles II.,
ib.; petitions rejected and peti-
tioners imprisoned by the Com-
mons, 62; commencement of
the modern system, 63; objected
to by George III., 65; progress
of the system, ib.; the numbers
presented of late years, 66, n. ;
abuses of petitioning, 68; de-
bates on presentation of, re-
strained, 69; for grant of public
money to be recommended by
the crown, 103
Phillimore, Dr., his Catholic Mar-
riages Bill, iii. 153
Pillory, punishment of, abolished,
iii. 400
Pitt, Mr. See Chatham, Earl of
Pitt, Mr. William, Chancellor of
the Exchequer under Lord Shel-
burne, i. 62; his first refusals
to assume the government, 63,
65; is premier, 71; his contest
with the Commons, 72-83; his
final triumph, 83; reflections on
this contest, 83-89; his relations
with George III., 87; in oppo-
sition to the King on reform, 90;
quitted office on the Catholic
question, 97; his mismanage-
ment of that question, ih.; his
pledge to the King not to revive
it, 98; again in office, 99; with
Addington, 101; evaded the Ca-
tholic question, 102; his opinion
on the rights of Prince of Wales
as Regent, 177-181; his letter
to him respecting the regency,
180; moved resolutions for a
bill, ib., 185; proposition as to
use of the great seal, 181, 186;
introduced the bill, 189; his
conduct in these proceedings
considered, 193; confirmed the
King's confidence in him, 194;
embarrassment caused by the
King's illness on his leaving
office, 196; brought forward the
budget after his resignation, ib.;
his doubts as to the King's
sanity, on his return to office,
204; profuse in the creation of
peers, 277, 279; his unfair con-
duct as to the Westminster
scrutiny, 351; abolished some of
the Irish nomination boroughs,
360; discontinued bribes to
members, 382; by loans and
lotteries, 386; advocated reform,
396, 397; his reform bill, 399;
afterwards opposed reform, 402;
his position as an orator, ii. 113;
Tory principles never completely
adopted by, ii. 146, 153 n., 158;
entered Parliament as a Whig,
152, 156; the leader of the
Tories, 158; his first ministry a
coalition, 157; his policy con-
trasted with Mr. Fox's, 153 n.,
159; his feelings towards the
French Revolution, 163, 286;
attempted coalitions with Fox,
165, 176; joined by portion of
the Whigs, 166; the consolida-
tion of his power, 168, 286;
dangerous to liberty, 173; his
liberal views on Catholic ques-
tion, 174, iii. 115–123, 333; his
retirement from office, ii. 175;
his return, 176; the Tory party
after his death, 179; member of
the Constitutional Information
Society, 270, 282; commences a
repressive policy, 226; brings
in the Seditious Meetings Bill,
319; opposes relief to dissenters,
iii. 102-105, 109; his proposal
for commutation of Irish tithes,
256; his Irish commercial pro-
positions, 320; carried the Union
with Ireland, 330; his India
Bill, 381
Pitt, Mr. Thomas, moved to delay
the grant of supplies, ii. 102
Pius IX., his brief appointing
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