EIMER, TH.-Die Artbilding und Verwandtschaft bei den Schmetterlingen, II Theil. Eine Systematische Darstellung der Abänderungen, Abarten und Arten der Schwalbenschwanz-ähnlichen Formen der Gattung Papilio. Jena, 1895. From the author.

FROGGATT, W. W.-Notes on the Sub-Family Brachyscelinæ, with descriptions of New Species. Pt. IV, Extr. Vol. X (Ser. 2). Proceeds. Linn. Soc. N.

S. Wales, 1895. From the author.

GILETTE, C. P. AND C. F. BAKER.-A Preliminary List of the Hemiptera of Colorado. Bull. No. 31, 1895. Colorado State Agric. College. From the author.

HAECKEL, E.-Systematische Phylogenie der Wirbelthiere (Vertebrata) Dritter Theil, Berlin, 1895. From the author.

HAY, O. P.-On the Structure and Development of the Vertebral Column of Amia. Field Columbiam Museum Pub. 5, Zool. Ser., Vol. I, No. 1, 1895. From the author.

HOBBS, W. H.-A Contribution to the Mineralogy of Wisconsin. Bull. Univ. Wisconsin, Sci. Series, Vol. 1, 1895.

HOLLICK, A.-A New Fossil Nelumbo from the Laramie Group at Florence, Colorado. -Wing-like Appendages on the Petioles of Liriophyllum populoides Lesq., and Liriodendron alatum Newb., with descriptions of the latter. Extrs. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, XXI, 1894.- -Descriptions of New Leaves from the Cretaceous (Dakota Group) of Kansas. Ibid, XXII, 1895. From the author. HUBRECHT, A. A. W.-Die Phylogenese des Amnions und die Bedeutung des Trophoblastes. Aus Verhandl. K. Acad. Wetenschap. Amsterdam, Tweede Sect Dl. XV, No. 5, 1895. From the author.

KLEMENT, M. C.-Sur l'Origine de la Dolomite dans les formations sédimentaires. Extr, Bull. Soc. Belge de Geol., T. IX, Bruxelles, 1895.

Laboratory Studies Oregon State Agricultural College, Vol. I, No. 1, 1895. From F. L. Washburn.

LUCAS, F. A.-The Tongues of Wood-peckers. Extr. Bull. No. 7, Div. Ornith. and Mam., U. S. Dept. Agric. From the author.

MILLER, S. A. AND WM. F. E. GURLEY. Description of New Species of Paleozoic Echinodermata. Bull. No. 6 of the Ill. State Mus. Nat. Hist., 1895. From the authors.

MINOT, C. S.-Ueber die Vererbung und Verjüngung. Aus. Biol. Centralb. Bd., XV, Nr. 15, Leipzig, 1895. From the author.

MIVART G.-On the Hyoid Bone of Certain Parrots. Extr. Proceeds. Zool. Soc. London, 1895. From the author.

-The

MORGAN, T. H.-Studies of the "Partial" Larvae of Sphaerechinus. Formation of One Embryo from Two Blastulæ.- -A Study of a Variation in Cleavage. Aus. Archiv. f. Entwickelungsmechanik der Organism, II Bd. Leipzig, 1895. From the author.

MURRAY, G.-An Introduction to the Study of Seaweeds. London and New York, 1895, Macmillan & Co. From John Wanamaker's.

New York State Museum Reports, 44, 45, 46, for the years 1891, 1892 and 1893. From Prof. Hall, State Geologist.

Records of the Australian Museum, Vol. II, No. 6. From the Museum.
Report of the Committee on Royal Society Catalogue.
Am., Vol. 6, 1894.

Extr. Bull. Geol. Soc.

Report upon the World's Markets for American Products. Bull. No. 2, U. S. Dept. Agric, Sect. Foreign Markets, Washington, 1895. From the Department. SECQUES, F.-Deux Monstres Gasteropages adult de Salmonides. Extr. Bull. Soc. Zool. de France, 1895. From the author.

SINGLETON, M. T.-Gravitation and Cosmological Law. Atianta, Ga., 1895. From the author.

SHERWOOD, W. L.-The Salamanders found in the Vicinity of New York City, with notes on Extra-Limital or Allied Species. Extr. Proceeds. Linn. Soc. New York, No. 7, 1895. From the author.

SLOSSON, E. E.-The Heating Power of Wyoming Coal and Oil. Special Bull., 1895. Wyoming University. From the author.

SMITH, J. B.-Contribution toward a Monograph of the Insects of the Lepidopterous Family Noctuide of Boreal North Am. -A Revision of the Deltoid Moths. Bull. No. 48, 1895. U. S. Natl. Mus. From the Smithsonian Institution.

SMITH, J. P.-Geologic Study of Migrations of Marine Invertebrates. Extr. Journ. Geol., Vol. III, 1895.

TARR, R. S.—Elementery Physical Geography. New York and London, 1895. Macmillan & Co. From John Wanamaker's.

TOWNSEND, C. H.-Birds from Coccos and Malpelo Islands, with Notes on Petrels Obtained at Sea. Bull. Harv. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. XXVII, No. 3, 1895.

WARD, L, F.-Relation of Sociology to Anthropology. Extr. Am. Anthropol., 1895. From the author.

Weekly Weather Crop Bulletins, 3, 4 and 21. 1895, issued by the North Carolina State Weather Service.

WIEDERSHEIM, R.-The Structure of Man, an Index to His Past History. Translated by H. and B. Bernard. London and New York, 1895. From Macmillan & Co.

Wilder, B. G.-The Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates. Extr. Ithaca Daily Journ., 1895.-The Cerebral Fissures of Two Philosophers, Chauncy Wright and J. E. Oliver. Extr. Journ. Comp. Neurol.. Vol. V, 1895. From the author.

WILLIAMS, H. S.-Geological Biology. New York, 1895, Henry Holt & Co.

General Notes.

PETROGRAPHY.'

The Eruptives of Missouri.-Haworth has described in much detail the dykes and acid eruptives in the Pilot Knob region, Missouri. The dyke rocks are typical diabases, diabase-porphyrites, quartz-diabase

1 Edited by Dr. W. S. Bayley, Colby University, Waterville, Me.

2 * Mo. Geol. Survey, Vol. VIII, 1895, p. 83-222.

porphyrites and melaphyres. The author unfortunately classes as diabase-porphyrites both glassy and holocrystalline rocks. The acid rocks of the region include granites, granite-porphyries, porphyrites and quartz-porphyries. The first two are characteristically granophyric. Their orthoclases are often enlarged by granophyre material whose feldspar is fresh, while the nucleal feldspar is much altered. The quartzes likewise, are enlarged by the addition of quartz around them. There were two periods of crystallization in these rocks. the second period the phenocrysts were corroded and the groundmass was produced. In addition to the quartz and orthoclase there are present in these rocks also biotite, hornblende, plagioclase and a number of accessory and secondary components. The porphyries and

In

The

porphyrites contain the same constituents as the granites, from which they are separated simply on account of differences in structure. The phenocrysts are mainly orthoclose, plagioclase, microcline and quartz, many of which are fractured in consequence of magma motions. groundmass in which these lie is of the usual components of porphyry groundmasses, and in texture is microgranitic, granophyric, micropegmatitic and spherulitic. Many of the porphyries contain fragments of their material surrounded by a matrix of the same composition in which flowage lines are well exhibited. These rocks are evidently volcanic breccias. The author divides the porphyritic rocks into porphyries and porphyrites, the latter containing plagioclase phenocrysts and the former phenocrysts of quartz, orthoclase and microcline.

Rocks from Eastern Africa.-The volcanic rocks of Shoa and the neighborhood of the Gulf of Aden in Eastern Africa comprise a number of varieties that have been carefully studied by Tenne. The main mass of the mountains of the region consists of biotite-muscovite gneiss. This is cut by nepheline basanites, the freshest specimens of which contain phenocrysts of olivine, augite and feldspar in a groundmass of plagioclase, augite, nepheline and often olivine. Trachytes, phonolites and basalts occur in the Peninsula of Aden. The trachytes include fragments of augite-andesite. Inland granophyres with pseudospherulites in their groundmass, trachytes and feldspathic basalts were met with. The granophyres are much altered. In the fine grained product formed by the decomposition of the groundmass of one occurrence quartz, feldspar, and a blue hornblende with the properties of glaucophane can be detected. All the rocks are briefly described. They present no peculiar features other than those indicated.

Zeits. d. deutsch. geol. Ges., XLV, p. 451.

A Basic Rock derived from Granite.-Associated with the ores in the hematite mines of Jefferson and St. Lawrence Counties, N. Y., is a dark eruptive rock that was called serpentine by Emmons. Smyth (C. H.) has examined it microscopically and has discovered that it consists of a chlorite-like mineral, fragments of quartz and feldspar. By searching carefully he discovered less altered phases of the rock that were identified as granite. The peculiar alteration of an acid granite to a basic chlorite rock is ascribed to chemical agencies. According to the author's notion the pyrite in a neighboring highly pyritiferous gneiss was decomposed, yielding iron sulphates and sulphuric acid. These solutions passed into limestone yielding the ores and then into the granite changing it into chlorite. The altered rock is found only with the ores. The original was probably not always granite. An analysis of the altered rock gave:

SiO, AO, Fe2O, FeO MgO CaO Na2O K20 H2O Total 29.70 17.03 10.66 1.68 .56 .10 11.79 98.67

27.15

Cancrinite-Syenite from Finland. In the southeastern portion of the Parish Kuolajaroe in Finland, Ramsay and Nyholm5 secured specimens of a nepheline-syenite containing a large quantity of what the authors regard as original cancrinite. The rock is found associated with gneissoid granite at Pyhakurn. The rock is trachytic in structure and is composed of orthoclase, aegerine, cancrinite and nepheline as essential constituents and apatite, sphene and pyrite as accessories. The cancrinite was the last mineral to crystallize. It occupies the spaces between the other components, and yet it often possesses well defined hexagonal forms. It occurs also as little prisms included within the orthoclase. Because of this association and because the nepheline in the rock is perfectly fresh the cancrinite is regarded as original. This mineral comprises 29.04% of the entire rock.

The same authors in the same paper describe a porphyritic melilite rock found as a loose block a few kilometers W. N.-W. of Lake Wuorijarvi. It contains large porphyritic crystals of melilite, pyroxene and biotite in a groundmass composed of labradorite, zeolites and calcite. The pyroxenes are made up of a colorless augite nucleus surrounded by zones of light green aegerine-augite and deep green aegerine. No olivine was detected in any of the thin sections.

'Jour. Geology, Vol. 2, p. 667.

3 Bull. Com. Geol. d. 1. Finn., No. 1.

Rocks from the Sweet Grass Hills, Montana.-Weed and Pirsson describe the rocks of the Sweet Grass Hills of Montana as quartz-diorite-porphyrites, quartz-syenite-porphyries and minettes. The first named rock presents no special peculiarities. The quartz-syeniteporphyry contains orthoclase, plagioclase and augite-phenocrysts in a fine groundmass of allotriomorphic feldspar and quartz. The augite is in short thick prisms composed of a pale green diopside core, which passes into a bright green aegerite mantle. The minette also contains aegerine, but otherwise it is typical.

Petrographical News.-Two peculiar phonolitic rocks are described by Pirsson' from near Fort Claggett, Montana. One is a leucite-sodalite-tinguaite, with leucite pseudomorphs, and sodalite as phenocrysts in a groundmass composed mainly of a felt of orthoclase and aegerine. The leucite pseudomorphs are now an aggregate of orthoclase and nepheline. In the centers of some of them are small stout prisms of an unknown brown mineral, that is pleochroic in brownish and yellowish tints. The second rock is a quartz-tinguaite porphyry somewhat similar to Brögger's grorudite.

8

In a few notes on the surface lava flows associated with the Unkar beds of the Grand Cañon series in the Cañon of the Colorado, Ariz., Iddings briefly describes compact and amygdaloidal basalts and fresh looking dolerites that are identical in all respects with modern rocks of the same character.

Laspeyres estimates that the quantity of carbon-dioxide in liquid and gaseous form contained in rocks is sufficient to serve as the source for all that which escapes from the earth's natural fissures as gas, as well as that which escapes in solution with spring water. It may be set loose from the rocks through the action of heat or through the action of dynamic forces.

In a handsomely illustrated brochure Merrill" describes the characteristics of the onyx marbles and the processes by which they originate. Differences in temperature, according to the author, are not the controling conditions determining the differences in texture between the onyxes and travertine. He is inclined to the belief that the banded onyxes were formed by deposition from warm solutions under pressure flowing into pools of quiet cold water.

Amer. Jour. Sci., Vol. I, p. 309.

Amer. Journ. Sci., 1895, Nov. p. 394.

8 AMERICAN NATURALIST, 1895, p. 567.

914th Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 520.

10 Korrespond. bl. Naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl., No. 2, 1894, p. 17. 11 Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1893, p, 539.