BARRAT, M.-Sur la Geologie du Congo Française. Extr. Ann. des Mines, Paris, 1895. From the author.

BAUR, G.-The differentiation of species on the Galapagos Islands and the Origin of the Group. Fourth Biol. Lect. delivered at the Marine Biol. Labor., Wood's Holl, 1894.

BOULE, M.-Le Massif Central de la France. Extr. du Dictionaire géographique de la France, Paris, 1895.

-Note sur les Fossils rapportés de Madagascar par M. E. Gautier. Extr. Bull. Mus,. d'Hist. Nat., 1895.

-Las Ballastiére de Tillaux. Extr. L'Anthropologie T. VI, 1895. From the author.

BRONN, H. G.—Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, IV. Bd. Vermes, 38, 39, 40, 41 and 42 Lief. Leipzig, 1895.

Bulletin No. 28, 1895, Iowa Agric. College Experiment Station.

Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa. Vol. III, Nos. 1 and 2, 1895. The Bahama Expedition. From C. C. Nutting.

CHAMBERLAIN, T. C.-Classification of American Glacial Deposits. Extr. Journ. Geol., Vol. III, 1895.

Eighteenth Annual Report of the State Entomologist on the Noxious and Beneficial Insects of the State of Illinois, for the years 1891 and 1892. Springfield, Ill., 1894.

EVERMANN, B. W., AND W. C. KENDALL.-The Fishes of the Colorado Basin. -A List of the Species of Fishes known from the Vicinity of Neosho, Missouri, Arts, 23 and 22, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1894. Washington, 1895. From the authors.

GEIKIE, J.-Classification of European Glacial Deposits. Extr. Journ. Geol., Vol. III, 1895.

HARLE, E.-Daim quaternaire de Bagnères-de-Bigorre. Extr. L'Anthropol ogie, 1895. From the author.

HICKS, G. H.-Pure Seed Investigation. Extr. Yearbook, U. S. Dept. Agric., 1894. From the Department.

HURTER, J.-Catalogue of Reptiles and Batrachians found in the Vicinity of St. Louis, Mo. Extr. Trans. St. Louis Acad. Science, Vol. VI, 1893.

JORDAN, D. S.-The Fishes of Sinaloa. Leland Stanford, Jr., Univ. Pub., 1895. From the author.

KIRSCH, P. H.-Report upon the Investigations in the Maumee River Basin during the summer of 1893. Extr. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1894. Washington, 1895. From the Fish Commission.

LINDSAY, B.-An Introduction to the Study of Zoology. London and New York, 1895. Macmillan & Co. From the Pub.

LYDEKKER, R.—On Bones of a Sauropodous Dinosaur from Madagascar. Extr. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1895. From the author.

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MINOT, C. S.-Ueber die Vererbung und Verjüngung. 1895. From the author.

Aus Biol. Centralb.,

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OSBORN, H. F.-The Rise of the Mammalia in North America. Address before the Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1893. From the author.

RANSOME, F. LESLIE.-On Lawsonite. A new rock-forming mineral from the Tiburon Penn., Marin Co., Cal. Extr. Bull. Dept. Geol., Univ. Cal., Vol. I, 1895. From the author.

ROCKHILL, W. W.-Diary of a Journey through Mongolia and Thibet. Washington, 1894. From the Smithsonian Institution.

ROMANES, G. J.-Darwin, and after Darwin. Vol. II. Heredity and Utility. Chicago, 1895. Open Court Pub. Co. From the Pub.

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SCHMIDT, P.-Beiträge zur Kenntnis der niederen Myriapoden. Aus. Zeitschr. f. Wissenschaftl. Zool., LIX, Bd. 3 Heft. Leipzig, 1895. From the author. SCUDDER, S. H.-Frail Children of the Air. Boston and New York, 1895. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. From the Pub.

SHEPARD, C. H.-The Bath in Modern Medicine. Extr. Journ. Am. Med. Assoc., 1895. From the author.

Smith, T, and V. MOORE.-Investigations Concerning Infectious Diseases Among Poultry. Bull. No. 8, U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Animal Industry. Washington, 1895. From the Dept.

TAYLOR, C. F.-The Savings of Millions. Philadelphia, 1895. From the author.

WALTER, E-Does the Delaware Water Gap consist of Two River Gorges? Extr. Proceeds. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895. From the author.

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WILLIAMS, T.-The Advanced American Plan for Homeless Children. Reprint from the London Times, Oct., 1894.

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General Notes.

PETROGRAPHY.'

Ancient Volcanics in Michigan.-In an area in Michigan covered by Townships 42 to 47 N. and Ranges 30 to 34 West, is a succession of granites and gneisses overlain by a thickness of some 3000 feet of volcanic rocks, embracing acid and basic flows and tuffs. Among the basic rocks Clements finds porphyrites and melaphyres, and among the acid ones quartz-porphyries and devitrified rhyolites. The melaphyres and porphyries are described under the names apobasalts and apo-andesites, because they are altered forms of basalts and andesites. Some of the andesites are amygdaloidal, and nearly all show the effects of pressure. Andesitic and basaltic tuffs are both present. They exhibit no special peculiarities. The quartz porphyries among the acid flows are notable for the existence in them of corroded phenocrysts of quartz in which there has been developed a well marked rhombohedral cleavage. The groundmass of these rocks is sometimes micro-granitic and at other times is micro-poicilitic. The latter structure is peculiar in that it is produced by a reticulating net work of uniformly oriented quartz, between the meshes of which are irregularly shaped areas of orthoclase. The other acid lavas and the acid tuffs are similar to corresponding rocks elsewhere. The series is interesting as affording another illustration of a typical volcanic series of Pre-Cambrian age. It is one of the oldest accumulations of volcanic debris and lavas thus far described.

Gneisses of Essex Co., N. Y.-In a recent bulletin on the geology of Moriah and Westport Townships, Essex Co., N. Y., Kemp gives a general account of the petrography of the gneisses, limestones, black schists, gabbros, anorthosites and dyke rocks of these regions. Most of these rocks have already been described in more detail in other papers. The gneisses are of several varieties. The most common is a member of the basement complex underlying the other rocks of the district. It is a biotite gneiss composed of quartz, micro-perthite, orthoclase, plagioclase and brown biotite, all of which minerals exhibit evidences of dynamic metamorphism. Near iron ore bodies the gneiss becomes more basic, abundant green or black hornblende, green

1Edited by Dr. W. S. Bayley, Colby University, Waterville, Me. 'Journal of Geology, Vol. III, p. 801.

Buli. N. Y. State Mus., Vol. 3, No. 14, 1895, p. 325.

augite and a large quantity of plagioclase taking the places of the usual gneissic constituents.

Volcanic Rocks in Maine.-In a preliminary notice on the rocks of the Flox Islands, Maine, G. O. Smith' gives a brief account of the association of lavas and breccias on North Haven and Vinal Haven Islands. On North Haven the series consists of beds of porphyrites and of coarse volcanic breccias and conglomerates, layers of tuffs and sheets of quartz-porphyry. The porphyrites are sometimes olivinitic. The conglomerates and breccias are composed of fragments of the porphyrites cemented by a porphyritic matrix. The quartz-porphyry possesses no unusual features. On Vinal Haven the rocks are predominantly acid, comprising many banded and spherulitic felsites that were originally glassy rocks. The spherulites are felsitic or fibrous and are certainly original structures, since transitions from the felsitic into brecciated rocks may be traced, in the latter of which occur spherulites that were formed prior to the brecciation. The acid layers of the series are younger than the basic beds.

Spotted Quartzites, S. Dakota.-The Sioux quartzites in Minnehaha Co., S. Dakota, grade upward into variously colored quartz slates that are composed of quartz grains, iron oxides and mica in an argillaceous matrix that has crystallized in part as sericite, kaolin and chlorite. Many of the slates are marked by spots that are lighter than the body of the rocks. These spots are essentially of the same composition as the groundmass in which they lie, except that they contain less iron oxide. Their lighter color is due to bleaching out of the iron salt through the acid, probably of decomposing organic matter.

The Gneisses and 'Leopard Rock' of Ontario.-The gneisses interstratified with the limestones in the Grenville series, north of Ottawa, Canada, vary much in character. The predominant variety is a granitoid aggregate of reddish orthoclase and grayish-white quartz, a little or no mica, and sometimes garnets. Its bedding is very obscure. When the mica is abundant in the rock foliation is distinct. One variety of the rock is called by Gordon syenite-gneiss. It includes the leopard rock' of the Canadian geologists. The rock occurs as dykes cutting quartzites and pyroxenites. All the phases of the gneisses show the effects of pressure. The leopard rock' consists of

Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, No. 121, p. 12.

5 Beyer: Ib., No. 121, p. 10.

Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. 7, p. 95.

ellipsoidal or ovoid masses of feldspar and a little quartz, separated from each other by narrow anastomosing partitions of green interstitial substance composed of pyroxene and feldspar. When the ellipsoids are flattened by foliation the rock becomes a streaked gneiss. Under the microscope, in sections of the coarse grained gneisses, large crystals of pyroxene, microcline and quartz are seen to be imbedded in a fine grained aggregate of microcline and quartz. In the ellipsoidal varie

ties the ellipsoids are composed mainly of microcline grains and the interstitial mass is a fine grained mosaic of feldspar, quartz and augite. In the streaked gneiss the augite is partially changed to green hornblende, while crystalloids of idiomorphic hornblende indicates that some of this component is an original crystallization. The rocks are evidently sheared pyroxene-syenites. The author discusses the use of the term 'gneiss' and suggests that the term 'gneissoid' be restricted to the description of foliated eruptive rocks whose structure is due to magma motions, that 'gneiss' be used as a suffix to the name of any rock that has assumed the typical gneissic structure since its original consolidation, as diorite gneiss, etc., and that the ending 'ic' be used with reference to the mineralogic composition of a foliated rock whose origin is unknown-a dioritic gneiss, in this sense indicates a folaited rock whose present composition is that of a diorite.

Petrographical Notes.-In thin sections of sandstone inclusions that have been melted by basalts, Rinne' finds the remains of quartz grains surrounded by rims of monoclinic augite, cordierite, spinel, etc. In some of the glasses formed by the melting of the sandstone are trichites and crystallites of orthorhombic pyroxene. While this substance is found abundantly as a contact mineral in the sandstones enclosed in the basalts of Sababurg, the Blauen Kuppe and Steinberg, the author nevertheless regards it as a comparatively rare product of the contact action between these two rocks.

Bauer declares that the rubies, sapphires, spinels and other gem minerals from northern Burma occur in a metamorphosed limestone on its contact with an eruptive rock whose nature is not known.

Penfield' obtains a heavy solution for the separation of mineral powders whose densities range between 4.6 and 4.94 by melting together silver and thallium nitrates in different proportions. The molten mass

7 Neues Jahrb. f. Min., etc., 1895, II, p. 229.

8 Sitzb. d. Ges. z. Beförd der gesamnet Naturw. Marburg, 1896, No. 1. Amer. Journ. Sci., Dec., 1895, p. 446.