with the admonition that his failure to do so will be punished with a fine of not less than 12.50 or more than 125 pesetas, unless he should incur criminal liability by reason thereof. These admonitions shall be entered at the foot of the record of the deposition. ART. 447. The judge of examination, in transmitting the sumario to the court of competent jurisdiction, shall inform the same of the changes of domicile which the witnesses may have communicated. The same shall be done with regard to those who inform him of such changes after the transmission of the sumario until the cause is terminated. ART. 448. If the witness should state, when given the admonition referred to in article 446, that it will be impossible for him to appear on account of being obliged to absent himself from the island and also in case there should be a cause reasonably sufficient to fear his death or physical or intellectual disability before the beginning of the oral trial, the examining judge shall instruct the accused to appoint an attorney within the period of twenty-four hours, should he not yet have one, and that otherwise one will be assigned to him ex officio to counsel him at once to have the testimony of the witness taken. Upon the expiration of this term the judge shall administer the oath and shall again examine the latter in the presence of the accused and his counsel, and also in that of the public prosecutor and of the complainant, should they desire to attend the proceeding, the latter being permitted to ask as many questions as they may deem advisable, excepting such as the judge may reject as manifestly impertinent. The answers to these questions shall be entered upon the record, which shall be signed by all present. ART. 449. In case of the imminent danger of the death of the witness, his deposition shall be taken as speedily as possible, in the manner mentioned in the foregoing article, even though the accused should not have the assistance of an attorney. ART. 450. No erasures, corrections, or interlineations shall be made in the proceedings of the sumario. At the end thereof the errors which may have been committed shall be recorded. CHAPTER VI. CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE WITNESSES AND THE ACCUSED. ART. 451. When the witnesses or the accused disagree among themselves, or the former with the latter, as to some fact or some circumstance of moment in the sumario, the judge may cause those disagreeing to confront each other; but this proceeding, as a general rule, must take place only between two persons at the same time. ART. 452. El careo se verificará ante el juez, leyendo el secretario á los procesados ó testigos entre quienes tenga lugar el acto las declaraciones que hubiesen prestado, y preguntando el primero á los testigos, después de recordarles su juramento y las penas del falso testimonio, si se ratifican en ellas ó tienen alguna variación que hacer. El juez manifestará en seguida las contradicciones que resulten en dichas declaraciones, é invitará á los careados para que se pongan de acuerdo entre sí. ART. 453. El secretario dará fe de todo lo que ocurriere en el acto del careo y de las preguntas, contestaciones y reconvenciones que mutuamente se hicieren los careados, así como de lo que se observare en su actitud durante el acto, y firmará la diligencia con todos los concurrentes, expresando, si alguno no lo hiciere, la razón que para ello alegue. ART. 454. El juez no permitirá que los careados se insultan ó amenacen. ART. 455. No se practicarán careos sino cuando no fuere conocido otro modo de comprobar la existencia del delito ó la culpabilidad de alguno de los procesados.1 CAPÍTULO VII. DEL INFORME PERICIAL. ART. 456. El juez acordará el informe pericial cuando para conocer ó apreciar algún hecho ó circunstancia importante en el sumario fuesen necesarios ó convenientes conocimientos científicos ó artísticos. ART. 457. Los peritos pueden ser ó no titulares. Son peritos titulares los que tienen título oficial de una ciencia ó arte cuyo ejercicio esté reglamentado por la administración. Son peritos no titulares los que, careciendo de título oficial, tienen, sin embargo, conocimientos ó práctica especiales en alguna ciencia ó arte. ART. 458. El juez se valdrá de peritos titulares con preferencia á los que no tuviesen título. ART. 459. Todo reconocimiento pericial se hará por dos peritos. Se exceptúa el caso en que no hubiese más de uno en el lugar, y no fuere posible esperar la llegada de otro sin graves inconvenientes para el curso del sumario. ART. 460. El nombramiento se hará saber á los peritos por medio de oficio, que les será entregado por alguacil ó portero del juzgado 1 Existiendo datos suficientes á juicio del tribunal sentenciador y por lo que realmente de la causa aparece, para comprobar la delincuencia del procesado, no ha incurrido dicho tribunal en el quebrantamiento de forma del núm. 1.o, art. 911, al denegar la práctica del careo. (Sentencia de Febrero 16 de 1884.) ART. 452. The confrontation shall take place before the judge, the secretary reading to the accused or witnesses between whom the proceeding is to be held the depositions they may have made, and asking the witnesses, after reminding them of their oath and the penalties for false testimony, whether they ratify the same or desire to make some change. The judge shall thereupon state the contradictions which appear from said depositions, and shall request those confronting each other to come to an agreement. ART. 453. The secretary shall certify to all that takes place at the confrontation and to the questions, answers, and reconventions which the persons confronting each other may make, as well as to what he may observe in their conduct during the proceeding, and shall sign said certification together with all those present, stating, if any should not sign, the reason alleged therefor. ART. 454. The judge shall not permit the persons confronting each other to insult or threaten each other. ART. 455. No confrontation shall take place unless no other means to verify the existence of the crime or the guilt of any of the accused is known.1 CHAPTER VII. EXPERT EVIDENCE. ART. 456. The judge shall call for an expert opinion if, to ascertain or weigh some important fact or circumstance in the sumario, scientific or artistic knowledge should be necessary or advisable. ART. 457. The experts may or may not be titular. Titular experts are those who have an official diploma in some science or art the exercise of which is governed by the administration. . Nontitular experts are those who, not possessing an official diploma, have nevertheless some special knowledge or practice in some science or art. ART. 458. The judge shall avail himself of the services of titular experts in preference to those who are not such. ART. 459. Every expert investigation shall be made by two experts. The case is excepted where there is only one expert in the place and it should not be possible to await the arrival of another one without serious damage to the progress of the sumario. ART. 460. The appointment shall be communicated to the experts officially in writing, which document shall be delivered to them by a 1 If there be data sufficient, in the opinion of the sentencing court and from what really appears from the cause, to prove the guilt of the accused, the court in refusing to hold the confrontation, has not incurred the breach of form mentioned in No. 1 of article 911. (Decision of February 16, 1884.) con las formalidades prevenidas para la citación de los testigos, reemplazándose la cédula original para los efectos del art. 175, por un atestado que extenderá el alguacil ó portero encargado de la entrega. ART. 461. Si la urgencia del caso lo exige, podrá hacerse el llamamiento verbalmente de orden del juez, haciéndolo constar así en los autos, pero extendiendo siempre el atestado prevenido en el artículo anterior el encargado del cumplimiento de la orden de llamamiento. ART. 462. Nadie podrá negarse á acudir al llamamiento de juez para desempeñar un servicio pericial, si no estuviere legítimamente impedido. En este caso deberá ponerlo en conocimiento del juez en el acto de recibir el nombramiento, para que se provea á lo que haya lugar. ART. 463. El perito que, sin alegar excusa fundada, deje de acudir al llamamiento del juez ó se niegue á prestar el informe, incurrirá en las responsabilidades señaladas para los testigos en el art. 420. ART. 464. No podrán prestar informe pericial acerca del delito, cualquiera que sea la persona ofendida, los que según el art. 416 no están obligados á declarar como testigos. El perito que, hallándose comprendido en alguno de los casos de dicho artículo, preste el informe sin poner antes esta circunstancia en conocimiento del juez que le hubiese nombrado, incurrirá en la multa de 12.50 á 125 pesetas, á no ser que el hecho diere lugar á responsabilidad criminal. ART. 465. Los que presten informe como peritos en virtud de orden judicial, tendrán derecho á reclamar los honorarios ó indemnizaciones que sean justas, si no tuvieren en concepto de tales peritos retribución fija satisfecha por el Estado, por la provincia ó por el municipio. ART. 466. Hecho el nombramiento de peritos, se notificará inmediatamente, así al actor particular, si lo hubiere, como al procesado, si estuviere á disposición del juez ó se encontrare en el mismo lugar de la instrucción, ó á su representante, si le tuviere. ART. 467. Si el reconomiento é informe periciales pudieren tener lugar de nuevo en el juicio oral, los peritos nombrados no podrán ser recusados por las partes. Si no pudiere reproducirse en el juicio oral, habrá lugar á la recusación. ART. 468. Son causa de recusación de los peritos: a 1. El parentesco de consanguinidad ó afinidad dentro del cuarto grado con el querellante ó con el reo. 2.a El interés directo ó indirecto en la causa ó en otra semejante. bailiff or porter of the court with the formalities prescribed for the citation of witnesses, the original writ for the purposes of article 175 being substituted by an attested statement which the bailiff or porter entrusted with the service shall draft. ART. 461. If the urgency of the case shall so require, the call may be made verbally by order of the judge, such fact appearing in the proceedings, but the attested statement prescribed by the foregoing article must always be made by the person entrusted with the service of the summons. ART. 462. No one can refuse to answer the call of a judge to fulfill an expert service, unless legitimately prevented from so doing. In such case he must inform the judge thereof upon receiving his appointment, in order that the proper action may be taken. ART. 463. An expert who, without giving a good excuse, shall fail to answer the call of the judge or refuse to give his opinion, shall incur the liabilities prescribed for witnesses by article 420. ART. 464. No expert opinion as to the crime, whosoever be the person injured, can be given by those who, according to article 416, are not obliged to testify as witnesses. An expert who, being included in any of the cases of said article, should express an opinion without previously informing the judge who may have appointed him of this circumstance, shall incur a fine of not less than 12.50 or more than 125 pesetas, unless the act should give rise to criminal liability. ART. 465. Persons who shall make a report as experts by virtue of a judicial order shall be entitled to claim the fees or indemnity which may be just, provided they do not receive as such experts a fixed compensation paid by the State, the province, or the municipality. ART. 466. After the appointment of experts has been made, the pri vate plaintiff, should there be any, as well as the accused, if he should be under the control of the judge or at the place where the investigation is being held, or his representative, should he have any, shall be notified of such appointment. ART. 467. If the expert examination and opinion could take place again during the oral action, the experts appointed can not be challenged by the parties, If it can not take place again during the oral action, a challenge may be interposed. ART. 468. The following are causes for challenge of experts: 1. Relationship by consanguinity or affinity within the fourth degree with the complainant or the accused. 2. A direct or indirect interest in the cause or in another similar one. 3. Intimate friendship or manifest enmity. 18473-01-15 |