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TITLE XII.

GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE FOREGOING TITLE.

ART. 646. In addition to the certificates of the progress of the causes which an examining judge is obliged to direct to the fiscal of the respective audiencia, he must also transmit to him a special certified transcript of all orders or decrees from which an appeal lies, or which relate to expert proceedings, or of investigation which are of interest to him in the exercise of his rights as an accusing party, when he can not notify him thereof directly, without thereby staying the holding of such proceedings, unless the right to intervene therein has been previously reserved to the fiscal and no prejudice will be caused by the suspension.

ART. 647. The period within which to appeal for a fiscal who is not at the same place as the examining judge shall begin from the day following that on which he receives the certified transcript of the appealable order or decree. The appeal shall be interposed in writing addressed to the judge with a respectful communication.

In any case the examining judge shall acknowledge receipt of certificates of this character upon the very day he receives them.1

1 In order that the public prosecutor may exercise the supervision charged upon him by the Law of Criminal Procedure in the formation of sumarios, the examining judge is obliged not only to give the data and transcripts which the said law established, but he must in addition transmit to the fiscal of the audiencia the special certificates prescribed by article 646 of the said law.

Article 647 of the same adds that the period within which a fiscal must appeal who is not at the same place as the examining judge shall begin to run from the day following that on which he receives the transcript of the appealable order or decree.

In accordance herewith, as article 222 of the law above mentioned prescribes that an appeal can not be interposed until a petition for a rehearing has been filed, the doubt has arisen as to whether the fiscal, in order to appeal, as he can do in accordance with article 637, is required first to file a petition for a rehearing.

This office acknowledges that this doubt can arise; but it is of the opinion that, in view of the letter of article 647, the fiscal is not obliged to conform to the provisions of article 222.

It is advisable, furthermore, to remember when relations between the fiscales of audiencias and examining judges are involved, that the former, although not of the same service as the latter, by reason of the supervising duties which they exercise over the acts of the latter and by reason of their rank, are to a certain degree their superiors, and it does not appear proper that they should petition said judges for a rehearing of their acts as any other party intervening in the sumario. (Report of the fiscal of the Supreme Court of September 15, 1883, number 34.)

ART. 648. Los fiscales llevarán un registro para anotar los partes de formación de causa que reciban, los testimonios de adelantos más notables que se les remitan por los jueces instructores, especialmente los que expresa el artículo 646, y las contestaciones que á su vez dirijan á éstos, ó recursos que interpongan.

ART. 648. The fiscales shall keep a register in which to enter reports of the institution of causes which they may receive, the statements of the more important progresses transmitted to them by examining judges, especially those mentioned in article 646, and the answers which they on their hand make thereto, or the appeals which they may interpose.

LIBRO TERCERO.

DEL JUICIO ORAL.

TÍTULO PRIMERO.

DE LA CALIFICACIÓN DEL DELITO.

ART. 649. Cuando se mande abrir el juicio oral, se comunicará la causa al fiscal, ó al acusador privado si versa sobre delito que no pueda ser perseguido de oficio, para que en el término de cinco días califiquen por escrito los hechos.

Dictada que sea esta resolución, serán públicos todos los actos del proceso.1

ART. 650. El escrito de calificación se limitará á determinar en conclusiones precisas y numeradas:

1.° Los hechos punibles que resulten del sumario.

2. La calificación legal de los mismos hechos, determinando el delito que constituyan.

3.o La participación que en ellos hubieren tenido el procesado ó procesados, si fueren varios.

4. Los hechos que resulten del sumario y que constituyan circunstancias atenuantes ó agravantes del delito ó eximentes de responsabilidad criminal.

5. Las penas en que hayan incurrido el procesado ó procesados, si fueren varios, por razón de su respectiva participación en el delito. El acusador privado en su caso y el ministerio fiscal cuando sostengan la acción civil expresarán además:

1.o La cantidad en que aprecien los daños y perjuicios causados el delito, ó la cosa que haya de ser restituída.

por

2.° La persona ó personas que aparezcan responsables de los daños y perjuicios ó de la restitución de la cosa, y el hecho en virtud del cual hubieren contraído esta responsablidad."

1 Véanse las notas á los artículos 622 y 623.

2 El ministerio fiscal no cumpliría con su deber si al presentar el escrito de calificación á que se refiere el artículo que anotamos, no expresara en la conclusión 5.a, de la manera cumplida que es procedente, las penas en que hayan incurrido el procesado ó procesados, si fueren varios, por razón de su respectiva participación en el delito.

No basta, pues, que se diga que la pena en que se ha incurrido es tal y en qué grado; debiéndose precisar la cuantía ó duración de la misma en la extensión en que

BOOK THIRD.

THE ORAL TRIAL.

TITLE FIRST.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE CRIME.

ART. 649. When the oral trial is ordered begun, the cause shall be referred to the prosecuting official, or to the private accuser, if it involve a crime which can not be prosecuted at the instance of the Government, in order that within a period of five days they may classify the acts in writing. Thereupon all the proceedings in the action shall be made public.'

ART. 650. The written classification shall be confined to the determination in explicit and numbered conclusions:

1. Of the punishable acts which may result from the sumario.

2. Of the legal classification of the said acts, determining the crime which they constitute.

3. The participation therein of the person or persons accused, should there be more than one.

4. The facts appearing from the sumario constituting extenuating or aggravating circumstances of the crime or which exempt from criminal liability.

5. The penalties which the person or persons accused may have incurred by reason of their respective participation in the crime. The private accuser, in a proper case, and the public prosecutor when they bring a civil action, shall state in addition:

1. The sum at which they estimate the losses and damages caused by the crime, or the thing which is to be restored.

2. The person or persons who appear liable for the losses and damages or the restitution of the thing, and the act by virtue of which they may have contracted this liability."

See notes to articles 622 and 623.

"Prosecuting officials would not comply with their duties if, when presenting the written classification to which the article we annotate refers, they should not state in the fifth conclusion in the explicit manner required the penalties which the person or persons accused may have incurred by reason of their respective participation in the crime.

"It is not sufficient, therefore, that it be stated that the penalty incurred is such and in what degree; it is necessary to state the amount or duration of the same as it

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