LONDON, NOVEMBER 5, 1921. CONTENTS.-No. 186. NOTES:-Jane Austen's Gothic Titles, 361-Saracen or Saxon?, 362-Glass-painters of York, 363-Passing Stress, 366-Dr. Johnson and Shelley-The Chesapeake and the Shannon-W. Moncrieff, 368-A Modest Epitaph of the Eighteenth Century-A Beethoven Piano, 369. QUERIES:-" Flurdeglaiur "-Tom Mostyn, 369-The Maccabees: The Spartans and the Jews-Surnames Christian Names-Pinchbeck-Article contrasting Oxford and Cambridge-Earl of Essex in Holland, 1585 as David Wykeham Martin-Verbalized Surnames-Notting Barn Farm--Mrs. Hunn, Mother of George Canning, 370English Writers: Dates of Birth and Death wantedRuspini-Abercrombie от Abercromby-Abbot The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft Between the Devil and the deep sea "-St. Christopher and the Christ Child -Dr. Whittenbury-Heraldic: the Helmet-Agneta Johnston-Isabella Routledge-" Lady Madge Plunket," 371-Cromwell's Methods of Diplomacy-Reference wanted (Tennyson)-Author wanted, 372. 'Woman as she should be' and 'Intrigues of a Morning.' 12mo. Lane, 1793. Noted in The British Critic, iii. (1794), p. 199. This novel is opened with all the romantic spirit of The Castle of Otranto,' and the reader is led to expect a tale of other times, fraught with enchantments and spells impending from every page. As the plot thickens, they vanish into air into thin air, and the whole turn out to be a company of well-educated and well-bred people of fashion, some of them fraught with sentiments rather too formed by a depravity that for the honour of refined and exalted for any rank, and others, dehuman nature we hope has no parallel in life. Evidently Mrs. Parsons, like Clara Reeve before her, was trying to put a veneer of Gothic material on the eighteenth-century novel of manners. Allibone says she published eight novels from 1790 to 1796. The catalogue of Harvard College Library gives her name as Eliza (Phelp) Parsons. Artemus Ward "-" Butter goes mad twice a year another title on our list (see 3, below). Vida's Game of Chess '-Making Bricks without Straw -Album Amicorum 2. Clermont: A Tale.' of Wandering Scholars, 375-St. By Regina Colme's Charm-Jews' Disabilities-Surnames with Maria Roche. 4 vols. 12mo. Lane, 1798. Double Letters-Brothers of the Same Christian Name Noted in The Critical Review, xxiv. (1798), The Prints and Library of Joseph Nollekens-Charles Wither Rev. E. Davies, Poet, 376-George Wateson, p. 356; p. 356; Cambridge History of English Rector of Millbrook-Hatchments- Burial-places of Literature,' xi. 510. There was an American reprint, Philadelphia, 1802. Mrs. Roche is no doubt the best known writer on our list. 3. The Mysterious Warning.' A German tale, in 4 vols. By Mrs. Parsons. 12mo. Lane, 1796. Noticed in The British Critic, viii. (1796), p. 548, and The Critical Review, xvi. (1796), p. 474. REPLIES:-Thomas Stukeley. 372-Astley's and Sanger's Circuses, 373-R. Henry Newell Dr. Fifield Allen Eminent Scientists-Mulberries-School Magazines-Reprints of Old Newspapers-Tudor Trevor, Earl of Hereford-Naming of Public Rooms in Inns-Virement, 377 Dante's Beard-" What between " : "What from ""Skelder" and "Skeldergate," 378. ENGLISH ARMY SLANG:-Comments and Corrections, 378. NOTES ON BOOKS:- Modern English Biography Quarterly Review. Notices to Correspondents. 6 She has 4. The Necromancer; or The Tale of the Black Forest. Founded on facts.' Translated from the German of Lawrence Flammenberg by Peter Teuthold. 12mo. 2 vols. Lane, 1794. Noticed in The Monthly ReReview, xx. (1795), pp. 52, 594. view, xvi. (1795), p. 465, and The Analytical Jane Austen gives the title inaccurately as 'Necromancer of the Black Forest,' and I do not find that it has been hitherto identified. Of course Miss Scott's pantomime, The Necromancer (1809), discussed in connexion with these Gothic titles by correspondents of N. & Q.' (11 S. vii. 238, 315, 396), can have nothing to do with Northanger Abbey,' which was written in 1797 and 1798, and revised for the press in 1803 (William Austen-Leigh and Richard Arthur Austen-Leigh, Jane Aus ten: Her Life and Letters, London, 1913, p. 96). 5. The Midnight Bell' has been well discussed by W. B. H. (11 S. vii. 14), who shows that the title is included in the works both of George Walker (c. 1814) and of Francis Lathom (1798 and 1800). But there is little difficulty in supposing that we have here to It will be seen that all this "rubbish " falls within the six years from 1793 to 1798. The passage in question was probably written in 1798, and records strictly contemporary horrors. No doubt this amazing young lady of twenty-three had read all seven books without rapture or terror, and then by a few strokes of her pen gave them comic im mortality. ALAN D. MCKILLOP. do with two novels of the same name. The these mystical dispensers of liberty. He slept title is a natural one for a Gothic novel, and with Horrid Mysteries' under his pillow, and by way of illustration it may be pointed out confederates holding midnight conventions in dreamed of venerable eleutherarchs and ghastly that there are two German terror novels subterranean caves. with much the same name at much the same time. Christian Heinrich Spiess, Maria Clement, oder die Glocke um Mitternacht,' Olmütz, 1800 (Goedeke, ‘Grundruss zur Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung, v., p. 508), and Heinrich August Kerndöffer, Der Schreckensthurm am See oder die mitternächtliche Todtenglocke,' Chemnitz, 1807 (Goedeke, v., p. 400). The book of this title mentioned in Jane Austen's letter of Oct. 4, 1798, and in Northanger Abbey' is no doubt The Midnight Bell; a German Story Founded on Incidents in Real Life.' 3 vols. Symonds, 1798. Noted in The Critical Review, xxiii. (1798), p. 472. The reviewer judges that it is not a translation from the German, but an English original. The Rice Institute, Houston, Texas, U.S.A. SARACEN OR SAXON ? A QUESTION OF ARMS. WHEN Messrs. Ward and Price, in May, 1921, advertised the sale of Gwydyr Castle 6. The Orphan of the Rhine: a it was described as “the home of the ancient Romance.' By Mrs. Sleath. 4 vols. Lane, Wynne family, lineal descendants from the 1798. Noticed and censured in The Critical Royal Welsh Princes for upwards of five Review, xxvii. (1799), p. 356. The 'Biographi- centuries"; and among its contents was cal Dictionary of Living Authors' (London, "the renowned Wynne cabinet," of which 1816), gives this writer's name as Eleanor the advertisement gave a sketch. Of the Sleath, and attributes to her, besides The great armorial credence of Sir John Wynne, Orphan of the Rhine,' 'Who's the Murderer; the builder of Gwydyr Castle in 1535, Mr. or The Mysteries of the Forest,' 4 vols., 12mo., Percy McQuoid, in A History of English 1802; The Bristol Heiress; or The Errors of Furniture' (F., pp. 38-42), tells us that the Education,' 5 vols., 12mo., 1808; and The lower portion is Nocturnal Minstrel,' 2 vols. 12mo., 1809. Allibone gives the same titles. 7. 'Horrid Mysteries: A Story. From the German of the Marquis of Grosse.' London, 1796. By P. Will. The Critical Review, xxi. (1797), p. 473, points out that the book has the same general outline and is partly identical in detail with The Victim of Magical Delusion; or The Mystery of the Revolution of P-1; a Magico-Political Tale founded on Historical Facts and translated from the German of Cajetan Tschink.' By P. Will. 3 vols. Robinson, 1795. Noticed in The Critical Review, XV. (1795), p. 63. This book evidently became well known for its account of the Illuminati. See Miss Lillie Deming Loshe, The Early American Novel,' New York, 1907, p. 42, who refers to Thomas Love Peacock's de. scription of Scythrop in 'Nightmare Abbey,' ch. ii. : He built many castles in the air and peopled them with secret tribunals and bands of illuminati, who were always the imaginary instruments of his projected regeneration of the human species. As he intended to institute a perfect republic, he invested himself with absolute sovereignty over decorated with the armorial bearings and emblems of the Wynne family. The upper right panel bears the arms of John Wynne, Quarterly 1st and 4th sable a chevron between three fleursde-lis argent (Tervan ap Howell, 1399); 21 (Owen Gwynedd, 1169). The centre panel bears and 3rd vert, three eagles displayed in fesse, or the two royal lions of England crowned passant above the York and Lancaster rose, the Wynne being connected by marriage with the Royal House of Tudor. The third panel, to the k bears a helm with an eagle rising as crest, with the leek flower and I. W. repeated. The righthand drawer of the middle compartment bears the royal red dragon of Cadwaladr, the last King other two heads being on the corresponding of Britain, and a head couped in profile, the drawer, this being an allusion to the story that, during the reign of Llewelyn the Great, Vychan in the year 1246, defeated the English army which invaded Wales, and having killed three of the principal English officers, brought ther bear the arms, three Englishmen's heads couped heads to the prince, who directed Vychan t and proper, &c. Vychan, the hero of this legend, was, of course, the direct ancestor of the Williams family of Cochwillan and Penrhyn, who still bear those arms, and, like the Wynnes. with whom they intermarried, claim descent 6 from the royal Welsh princes. Therefore Edward, his paramount claims in North the present question at issue is, why- Wales, but Llewelyn ap Gruffudd strenuin the face of so romantic an origin for their ously opposed him, with the result that there coat of arms, does Burke's Peerage,' was prolonged war, mostly in favour of the under Williams Bulkeley, blazon them as Welsh. Gules, a chevron ermine between three Saracens' heads couped at the shoulders"? The account of Vychan's exploit and the sequel is given by both Matthew Paris and Matthew of Westminster, so that it can only be supposed that the modern description of the arms, of three Saracens' heads, is a corruption of the Welsh for three Englishmen's heads. Altogether, the arms are given of 62 families of Williams, yet these are all in which human heads are mentioned. Reading the two English chroniclers, Matthew Paris and Matthew of Westminster, it appears that, in 1257, an English force, including 200 knights, was led into an ambush by Rhys Vychan. The force was massacred and the names of two of the English leaders, who were slain, are given. The Brut y Tywysogion,' which tells the story under 1256, estimates the loss at 2,000, and is quite clear that this hero-for to the Welsh he was a hero if to the English a traitor-was Rhys Vychan, which agrees with the account of Matthew of Westminster. The dates, however, do not quite fit in, since Llewelyn ap Jorwerth the Greataccording to the 'D.N.B.,' died in 1246, and the only Vychan given by that authority is the Edny-Ved Vychan (Vaughan, i.e. "the little ") previously mentioned, and he is described as a statesman and warrior who signed a truce with Henry III. and He took Llewelyn ap Jorwerth in 1231. part in the Apud in 1241 and was the ancestor of the Tudors." In the Williams pedigree, Griffith ap Heillen of Cochwillan married Eva, the daughter and heiress of Griffith ap Tudor, eldest son of Tudor ap Madoc, Lord of Penrhyn. Perhaps some correspondent learned in Welsh 66 Therefore, perhaps it may be accepted pedigrees will be able to throw more light that: 1. Burke's "three Saracens' heads " should be corrected to three Englishmen's heads. 2. That the arms were borne by only one family of Williams. 3. And that family was Williams of Penrhyn and Cochwillan, who descend from Ednyfed Vychan, a powerful noble in the time of Henry III., who was eighth in descent from Marshudd ap Cynan, died A.D. 877. But who was the Vychan of the story? According to the Welsh chronicle, the Brut y Tywysogion,' "in 1245 King Henry III. assembled the power of England and Ireland with the intention of subjecting all Wales, and came to Dyganny. And after fortifying the castle and leaving knights in it, he returned into England, having left an immense number of his army dead and unburied." The English version of the story is that Henry III. had assigned to his son, Prince upon this fascinating story and identify the ancester of the Williams to whom was granted so interesting a coat of arms. F. H. S. GLASS-PAINTERS OF YORK. (12 S. viii. 127, 323, 364, 406, 442, 485; ix. 21, 61, 103, 163, 204, 245, 268, 323.) 66 WILLIAM PECKITT (continued). PECKITT was not only a man of taste and refinement, but also a highly ingenious person and something of an author. He had evidently a taste for chemical and scientific research, for in his will he mentions his "tellescope chyme obscura" and "large Ring dial," a glass globe and prism, microscope and "Limiaria." What this last was it is difficult to say, and the 'N.E.D.' does not afford any help. It might have been an instrument for viewing transparencies painted on glass, or some form of camera lucida such as was used as an aid to drawing silhouettes before the inven- ornamental patterns being produced by tion of photography. Peckitt probably cutting through the coloured layer to the owed much of his remarkable skill in the white ground beneath. It had nothing manufacture of coloured vitrifiable enamels to do with transferring engravings and to Dr. Wall of Worcester, the founder, about staining them on glass as Dallaway the year 1751, of what are now known as the erroneously states. Royal Porcelain Works, for Dr. Wall, who Winston, in his 'Hints on Glass-Paintwas an amateur artist, had worked with ing,' p. 25, remarks that the latest example Peckitt on windows which they carried out of ruby glass with which he was acquainted together, the one as designer and the other occurred in Peckitt's Lincoln Cathedral as executant. Wall painted on porcelain; window. This was, however, one of the a specimen of work of this kind which may artist's comparatively early works, and safely be attributed to his hand is in the later his reds were produced by silver stain Dyson-Perrins collection. Peckitt at the on kelp, ruby glass not being re-invented same time was working along similar lines until 1826 by Bontemps. Examples of in the production of glass enamels, and there Peckitt's coloured glass either made by him, can be little doubt that these two artists or more probably by others from his recipes, and experimental chemists worked in close are to be seen in the kaleidoscope pattern conjunction with one another. glazing which he inserted in windows in Peckitt evidently studied chemistry, for the minster and parish churches of York. amongst his books he mentions The New- These tints, which are very streaky and man Book of Chemistry' and 4 small which have been made in small circular or books of Chemistry.' Other books in- "crown" sheets, include a large range of difcluded the History of London,' 11 books ferent colours, amongst which are opalescent of ancient history and "eight universal and streaky ruby. These glasses were probHystories," the History of Europe, a book of ably nothing more than experiments and engraved ornaments, four books on Peerage, too streaky for use in anything but pattern Guillim's Heraldry' and seven dictionaries. glazing. The coloured glass he used in Besides his investigations into the pro- his figure windows Peckitt probably obduction of coloured enamels, Peckitt also tained from Stourbridge, for Dr. Pococke, experimented with success in the manufac- in his Travels Through England,' tells ture of coloured glasses, then practically us that on June 8, 1751 (in which year a lost art. In his windows at New College Peckitt was but twenty years of age), he is a range of tints both in enamels and glass came to Stourbridge, famous for its glasssuch as had never previously been produced, manufactures glass coloured in showing that his chemical studies were liquid (melted) of all the capital colours progressively and extensively pursued. in their several shades, and, if I mistake not, is a secret which they have here."* He also did glass-cutting and engraving on the wheel, an example of his work in this direction a glass goblet engraved with the name "William Peckitt on it was Peckitt also introduced a new method, or Handmaid to the Arts,' a second edition what he evidently considered was a new method, of firing glass by means of coal fuel instead of wood or charcoal, and this offered for sale in York some few years ago. he evidently guarded as a secret which After his death, Mrs. Peckitt, in advertising he communicated to those willing to pay examples of her late husband's glass-paint- for it. It is difficult to understand wherein ings for sale, announced that the collection the novelty lies, as pit coals for firing also included specimens of the Royal enamels and glass are mentioned in The Patent Engraved Glass (York Chronicle, July 7, 1796). For this Peckitt on Nov. 20, 1780, had taken out Patent No. 1268, describing it as "a new method of composing stained glass, of whatever colour, with unstained glass, whether crown, flint, or any other sort, and making the same into tables [i.e. sheets], thick vessels and ornaments, and of producing thereby many curious works which he conceives will be of great utility." The invention consisted in coating white glass with a layer of a different colour, of which was published in 1764. Peckitt's the use of Hagemoor coals. This secret improvement seems to have consisted in process Peckitt issued in a somewhat novel * The writer is indebted to the kindness of Mr. Harry J. Powell, late of the Whitefriars Glass Works, for drawing his attention to this passage, which previously was unknown to him. by Bartholomew, does not give any place of this t Newnes's Citizen's Atlas and Gazetteer, ed. name. 66 form, it being written in a minute hand Peckitt was not much of a figure draughtswhich can only be read by the aid of a lens, man and that the cartoons for most of his scratched with a quill or needle point out principal works were done, frequently in of a thin matt or coat of white enamel the form of oil paintings, for him by others. on a piece of glass measuring only 3in. In his will he mentions "fourteen oil by 2 in. This, when laid on the studio paintings of figures as large as life and other table or held casually in the hand, would cartoon drawings," and instructed that these not attract attention, as it appears to be were to be sold, but what became of them nothing more than a small piece of ground is not known. Peckitt's' Presentation in glass. It is entitled "The Opperation of the Temple' window at Oriel was designed staining and fluxing the colours on glass," by Dr. Wall of Worcester, the physician and was bought by the writer's father, Mr. and amateur artist previously mentioned. J. W. Knowles, along with some of Peckitt's According to Bryan's 'Dict. of Painters,' colours and enamels at the sale of his Dr. Wall designed several other windows, effects in 1866. Peckitt also was some- one of which is in the Bishop's Palace at thing of an author, and wrote a technical Hartlebury, Worcestershire. The Trinity treatise on glass-painting. This is no College Library window was designed by doubt referred to in his will when he be- Giovanni Battista Cipriani (1728-1785) one queathed "the little trunk and maniscript of the original members of the Royal book and drawings in it" to his daughter Academy. Peckitt, however, seems to have Harriot; whilst later, in 1802, Mrs. Peckitt worked chiefly from the cartoons or oil advertised in The York Herald for paintings of Biagio Rebecca (1735-1808), a June 5 that she had Manuscripts of pupil of Cipriani who, entering the Academy the Art, &c., to dispose of." The writer schools in 1769, became an associate in 1771. of a life of Peckitt in The Furniture Gazette He is chiefly known for his decorative in 1877 stated that the artist had intended work at Somerset House, Windsor Castle, publishing his treatise at 10 guis. per copy, Audley End, and Harewood House. Bryan's but not enough subscribers coming for- Dict. of Painters' makes no mention of ward the project was abandoned. Rebecca's designs for glass, which were considerable. Those for the windows of New Two more 66 College will be noticed later. One of Towards the end of his life he applied himself to and wrote many MSS. on divinity, though his ability in this direction was of his original sketches for figures on glass not equal to his industry; the writer's are in the writer's possession, to whom father saw bundles of these documents they were kindly presented by Mr. C. F. offered for sale when his effects were dis- Bell, of the Ashmolean Museum. posed of. One of his efforts, however, in this these is for the figure of Solomon in the direction, entitled This figure "The Wonderful south transept, York Minster. Love of God to Man, or Heaven opened had evidently been originally designed for on Earth," was other building, as its companion published in 8vo in some 1794, a copy of which is in the York figure is not to be seen amongst the other Minster Library. A portrait of Peckitt by three figures at York. Peckitt made his will on May 11, 1794. He John Raphael Smith (1752-1812) is catalogued by Evans in his Catalogue of En- divided his property in the way of real estate graved Portraits'; also by W. Boyne in into three portions, each of approximately one thousand pounds value, which he gave to his Yorkshire Library' (privately printed), 1869, but the present writer has hitherto his wife and two daughters. To his wife been unable to hear of a copy. According he bequeathed two houses in Cumberland to Laurence Binyon, Catal. of Drawings by Row (now New Street) and his Marygate British Artists in the British Museum,' cottages; to his daughter Mary Rowntree, vol. iii., there is in that collection a "Head two houses in Cumberland Row and the and to his daughter of a Cherub cut out and pasted on a piece Davygate House; of paper inscribed Head of Cherub de- Harriot, in trust until she became twentysigned and painted by the late Wm. Peckitt, one years of age, a house in Cumberland York,' ,"executed in body colour. There are Row and the whole of the Friar's Walls also many drawings for glass done either houses and gardens. His scientific instruby or for Peckitt in the possession of Mr. ments and books he divided evenly between George Milburn, the well-known sculptor his two daughters. To his brother Henry of York. It would seem, however, that Peckitt one guinea; as he has sufficient 6 |