12 S. IX. JULY 16. 1921.]

from Disraeli-an Englishman with a mastery of the English language.

Now hear Mr. Buckle in the 6th vol., p. 560, of his Life of Disraeli.' After showing how Disraeli was sometimes guilty of literary kidnapping and had borrowed the above witticism and put it into the mouth of Waldershare, in his novel Endymion,' he adds in a footnote:-"Lord Fitzmaurice, in his ' Life of Lord Granville,' points out that this passage is a reproduction of Speaker Onslow's reply to Burnet's character of Shaftesbury in his History of His Own Time,' vol. i., p. 164." Who is right? It is a pity that so fine a child should bear the brand of bastardy. ARTHUR G. HARGREAVES. "Bythorne," Tunbridge Wells.

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VERSES WANTED: CONJUGAL SQUABBLES.I remember reading, more than 60 years ago, some verses which described how a woman applied to a savant to tell her how to restore He gave her a bottle of peace in her house. medicine with a direction that she was to hold a small dose in her mouth whenever she met her husband. She was thus unable to scold in answer to his complaints; and he then ceased complaining, and peace was restored. Can anyone tell me where these verses A. D. T. can be found?

Replies.

RELAPSES INTO SAVAGE LIFE. (12 S. viii. 511; ix. 37.) IRELAND, that evolved a brilliant civilizaof the tion when England and much a in disorder, sank into Continent were condition of barbarism that had lasted for one hundred and fifty years when Henry II. invaded the island. The Tatar obliterated the civilization of Kiev, which at one time threatened to outrival that of Byzantium. The modern Annamite has made no attempt to continue or reproduce the magnificent civilization that seems to have existed centuries ago in Cambodia, and the Indian of Latin America has never risen to the heights of his ancestors who made Mexico and Peru what they were before the Spanish conquest. In Hayti, since the elimination of the whites who controlled and Christianized the slave population, the superstitions of Africa have reappeared. The serpent is shipped, as it once Guinea; Sorcerers

wor

was on the coast of are held in honour;

children have been sacrificed, and people who
are supposed to be invested with super.
utter mysterious incanta-
natural powers
tions to put themselves into communication
with the invisible world.

much

A large tract of South-Western Africa was Christianized by the Portuguese, but when Portuguese influence declined, the natives reverted to their former beliefs and practices. In Asia Minor the barren Turk supplanted the supple Greek with his glorious past, pagan and Christian. The Greek, perhaps, was sometimes absorbed rather than destroyed, and there are many curious instances of Christian communities that embraced the Moslem creed. In our own days a number of Jews of a low type have annihilated the civilization of the Tsars and have substituted chaos in its place. But of course depends, in a matter of this kind, on the exact meanings that we attach to the word "civilization" and its opposite, and if a contempt for simplicity, proportion, tradition, harmony, combined with a strong preference for discordant noises, senseless speed and monstrous machines is a characteristic of barbarism, then I think that we shall be constrained to admit that more than one of the so-called leading nations of the world to-day ought perhaps to be classed with those that were once civilized and are now reverting to a savage state.

T. PERCY ARMSTRONG. The Authors' Club, Whitehall Court, S.W.

Sir Henry M. Stanley relates such an incident in his voyage up the Congo in his expedition for the relief of Emin Pasha (In Darkest Africa,' London, 1890, i. 106-8). A Basoko named Baruti (“Gunpowder ") had been captured on the Aruwimi river when a child, in 1883, and had been taken to England by Sir Francis de Winton. He afterwards entered into Stanley's service and accompanied the Emin relief expedition "from which he had been in 1887. When they reached his native village and tribe, absent six (sic) years," he was welcomed by his brother, and Stanley offered him the choice of rejoining his tribe or continuing with the expedition. The lad at first declined to be restored to his native land and tribe; but (writes Stanley)

a day or two after reaching Yambuya he altered his mind, came into my tent in the dead of night, brace of Smith and Wesson revolvers, a supply of armed himself with my Winchester rifle and a rifle and revolver cartridges, took possession of a silver road-watch, a silver pedometer, a handsome belt with fitted pouches, a small sum of

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'ORGY" (12 S. viii. 487).—“ Orgy" and orgie are, I fancy, too well established for any protest to avail against them. For what "decent dictionaries" say on the subject see the 'O.E.D.' under "Orgy, orgie." || The quotations given for both these forms are more than respectable, the earliest of them being dated 1665. In the Tauchnitz Pocket French Dictionary' I find "Orgie, f. revel, drunken feast," so that the French seem to be equal sinners with ourselves. C. C. B.

Sir Herbert Maxwell is, I fear, too late in his protest against the use of this word in the singular. The N.E.D.' gives quotations from Sir Thomas Herbert in 1665, the late Robinson Ellis in 1871, Mr. Frederic Harrison in 1883, and the late Lord Bowen in 1887. The singular, "orgy," is also recognized in The New Gresham English Dictionary' of 1920, The Concise Oxford Dictionary' of 1911, and 'Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary " of 1902.

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JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

JOHN WINTHROP INNER TEMPLE, 1628 (12 S. viii. 391, 476).-Winthrop's Life and Letters' says that John Winthrop, son and heir of John Winthrop of Groton in the county of Suffolk, was admitted to the Inner Temple Feb. 26, 1624."

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Robert C. Winthrop writes that this was found in the Temple records in 1860 by his friend Judge Warren, and that there was a subsequent record, as follows: John Winthrop, Gentleman, specially admitted 29 June 1628." He says, "This may have been the elder Winthrop."

The Winthrop Life and Letters' shows
that the elder Winthrop practised law as
early as 1622, that in 1626 he was made
attorney of the Court of Wards and held
the office several years, and practised
before that court. A letter of Brampton
Gurdon to J. W., senior, of Oct. 27 (it was
of 1627 or 1628) shows that at that time
J. W., senior, had a chamber in the Inner
Temple. He presented drafts of bills to
Parliament in 1628. One part of his prac
tice was attendance on the Committee of
the House of Commons. He was also a
Justice of the Peace. This seems to indicate
J. W., senior, was the one specially admitted
M. J. CANAVAN.
in 1628.

133, West Springfield Street,
Boston, Mass., U.S.A.

PEERS' MANTLES (12 S. ix. 10).The Historical Association have issued a little pamphlet, Pictures of Parliament,' reprinted from The Evolution of Parlia ment,' by Professor A. F. Pollard. The earliest of these pictures is a contemporary drawing of the opening of Parliament on April 15, 1523, and in it the peers are represented with ermine bars for the distinguishing of rank on their mantles.

M. H. DODDS.

The earliest printed authority for correct robing of royalty and nobility is commonly supposed to be Nobilitas politica vel civilis

[by Robert Glover and Thomas Milles]. Ln: William Jaggard, 1608,' fo., with full-page copper-plates of the King, House of Lords, Prince of Wales, Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount and Baron, all in full-dress official robes.

The plates and text (translated into English) afterwards appeared in Mexia's Treasurie of Ancient and Modern Times, 1613-19,' 2 vols., fo., also printed and published by my ancestor.

W. JAGGARD, Capt.

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QUEEN ELIZABETH AND THE FRENCH clear that she could not have been the AMBASSADOR (12 S. ix. 11).-The ambassador Mysterious Princess" referred to in the was the Duc de Biron, the place Basing extract from The Barrow News. Park or hard by, the year 1601. See the account in Stow's Annales' (1615), p. 796, col. 2, and vol. ii. of Nichols's The Progresses and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth.' EDWARD BENSLY.

REFERENCE WANTED (12 S. viii. 471).— "The most dangerous thing in the world is ignorance in motion." The attribution of this saying to Goethe is correct. His words are: Es ist nichts schrecklicher, als eine thätige Unwissenheit." The sentence is towards the end of the third division of his Maximen und Reflexionen,' which form part of the section Sprüche in Prosa,' vol. x., p. 402, of Ludwig Geiger's edition of Goethe's Werke' (1896).

6

It would be interesting to know whether the Duchess of Albany came to this country and stayed with the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester. JAMES SETON-ANDERSON.

39, Carlisle Road, Hove, Sussex.

on

HORSE-RIDING RECORDS (12 S. viii. 509; ix. 32).-Queen Elizabeth died the morning of Thursday, March 24, 1603, and the news was conveyed to King James VI. of Scotland by Sir Robert Carey, who galloped into the quadrangle of Holyrood Palace on Saturday evening, March 26, having accomplished the journey from London to Edinburgh in about 54 hours a wonderful feat of dispatch for the commencement of the seventeenth century. I do not know how many horses he used during the journey of 400 miles. "HOWLERS" (12 S. viii. 449, 497).— A Colonel Ross-in September, 1789Presuming C. C. B. to quote from the undertook to ride on one horse from London N.E.D.' or, as perhaps better known, to York in 48 hours. He performed the the Oxford Dictionary,' such authority journey (202 miles) in 46 hours with ease, defines the word also as " an animal that for he had only 15 miles to travel in the last howls." My suggestion was that dogs 5 hours. JAMES SETON-ANDERSON. howl sometimes otherwise than with pain. CECIL CLARKE.

Junior Athenæum Club.

EDWARD BENSLY.

CLEMENTINA JOHANNES SOBIESKY DOUGLASS (12 S. viii. 411, 497; ix. 17).—The following note, taken from The Edin burgh Advertiser dated January 20, 1789, may be of value to those interested in the children of the "Young Pretender " :

39, Carlisle Road, Hove, Sussex.

BONTÉ (12 S. vii. 151, 196).—This surname Biographie Générale,' but some medical does not appear in Firmin Didot's Nouvelle works are entered under the name of Bonté in the British Museum Catalogue. The works are C. L. Le Cat, Nouveau Système sur la cause de l'évacuation périodique du sexe. Lettre suivie d'une réponse à des The Duchess of Albany, who is said to be soon objections faites contre ce système (by .. expected to visit this country by invitation from Bonté) (1768, 8vo); C. T. Bonté, Disserthe Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, is natural daughter of the late Pretender, by a Miss Walkin-tation sur la blennorrhagie chez l'homme' shaw. Notwithstanding the strong attachment (Strassburg, 1799, 4to); Eugène François which the Pretender had for Miss Walkinshaw, he refused, in opposition to repeated solicitations, to recognise the daughter, till the last year of his life, when he sent for her from France to Florence, where he resided, and by virtue of his royal prerogative, admitted very kindly on the Continent, created her Duchess of Albany. He also constituted her his heir; as such she has received a very large fortune in the French funds, and a considerable quantity of valuable jewels belonging to the Crown of England, which were taken from this country by James the Second on his

abdication.

I have always understood that the Pretender had one daughter only by Miss Walkenshaw-the lady referred to in the foregoing extract. It is, of course, quite

Bonté" Quelques réflexions sur les différentes méthodes de traitement de fièvre typhoïde ' (Paris, 1839); and August Bonté, Relation topographique et médicale d'une campagne sur les Côtes Occidentales au Mexique, 1864-1865' (Montpellier, 1866). There were evidently three or four generations of the same family in the medical profession.

The surname of Bonté also frequently appeared as contributors to early nineteenthcentury Parisian journals, but unfortunately French periodical publications so far back are poorly represented in England's greatest library. ANDREW DE TERNANT.

36, Somerleyton Road, Brixton, S.W.

WILD DARRELL: DATE OF TRIAL (12 S. doubted testimony that at this period of his vii. 30, 53, 98).-Foss, in his Judges of life, besides being given to drinking and England,' 1870, emphatically writes at gaming, he frequently sallied forth at night p. 528:-" No record has been found of the from a hostel in Southwark with a band of trial though every search has been made in desperate characters to Shooter's Hill, where the proper repositories. they stopped travellers and took from them not only their money, but any valuable commodities.".

In Haunted Houses, &c.,' by Charles G. Harper, 1907, p. 32 et seq., the author in a long account writes fully upon the subject. We give a few sentences:

"No one will ever succeed in satisfactorily settling the historic doubts as to the character and career of the "Wicked Will." Mr. Harper continues:-" The one is content to see Darrell painted in the blackest of hues, while the other would have us believe him' a much injured man." "It is a tale of a midwife being suddenly summoned one dark night, blindfolded and led on horseback to a mysterious mansion, where in a stately room was a masked lady who gave birth to a child. A gentleman who was also present took the child from the nurse into an adjoining room and threw it upon a blazing fire, and crushed it with his boot heel until it was entirely consumed."

On p. 228, Lord Campbell quotes Sir Walter Scott, the last few lines being as follows:-"Darrell was tried at Salisbury for the murder. By corrupting the Judge he escaped the sentence of the law, but broke his neck by a fall from his horse in hunting, in a F. C. WHITE. few months after.”

14, Esplanade, Lowestoft.

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SHAKESPEARIANA (12 S. viii. 446).-Does not the word but in 2 Henry IV.' v. iii. 93, mean "except ? In that case the comma would apparently be correct. The meaning except is given in the glossary of the Temple Shakespeare' edition. “I think he is one of the greatest men in this realm, except Goodman Puff of Barson," would seem to be Silence's meaning. In the glossary "Barson " is said to be a corruption of Barston in Warwickshire.

DIEGO.

The name of Sir John Popham (1513?1607), Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, seems to have been connected with Darrell's alleged crime. Foss remarks :— DANTEIANA (12 S. viii. 462, 517).—I am "Sir John Popham died in possession of obliged to MR. T. PERCY ARMSTRONG for his Littlecote, in Wiltshire." In connexion courteous comment on my paper at the with this a dark and improbable story is first reference and regret that we join issue related of its having come into the Chief on (as I take it) Dante's lack of modesty in Justice's hands as the price of his corruptly his bidding Lucan and Ovid be silent while allowing one Darrell, the former proprietor, he speaks. I must still hold that in so doing to escape on his trial for an atrocious murder. Foss goes on:-"It would be curious to trace the circumstances to which such a tradition owes its origin, &c."

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the poet, again to quote Dean Plumtre's verdict, stoops from his higher level in the very act of competition." I hope I am numbered amongst the competent critics And again :-"If the petition which Sir who would agree that Dante is right in his Francis Bacon in his argument against estimate," for I did not question that; but Hollis and others for traducing public jus- I am still unconvinced that "there is tice states was presented to Queen Elizabeth no lapse from humility on the part of a man against Chief Justice Popham, and which who knows his own place in the world and after investigation by four Privy Council- realizes that it is a high one." To know this lors was dismissed as slanderous (State and even to express the knowledge modestly Trials,' ii. 1029) could be found it might pos- -as did Bacon and Milton and Keatssibly turn out this story was the slander, &c.' is far removed from conceit, but to proclaim Lord Campbell, in his "Lives of the Chief it by bidding brother poets take a back Justices of England,' (1849) begins his bio-seat is, to say the least, an unworthy exgraphy of Popham, vol. i. chap. vi., by hibition of that weakness. Keats is not confidently recording::- Although at one recorded to have told Byron or Shelley to time in the habit of taking purses on the stand aside, nor did Tennyson order Brownhighway, instead of expiating his offences at ing or Swinburne to cease singing. Even Tyburn, he lived to pass sentence of death Napoleon did not command Alexander or upon highwaymen, &c."; and at p. 210 Lord Cæsar to step beneath him, but merely, and Campbell adds:-" It seems to stand on un- indirectly, expressed a belief in his own

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