“Through Heydenreich, Kant, while in the higher class, acquired such a passion for the Latin classics, that he learned by heart long passages from the poets, the philosophers, the orators, and the historians, which he never forgot, even in his old age. A common enthusiasm for ancient literature led to a great intimacy between him and two fellow-students, David Ruhnken, of Stolpe, and Martin Cunde, of Königsberg, the former of whom, for half a century, adorned the university of Leyden, as the greatest philologian of his time, while the latter, after experiencing the vexations of a private teacher, in various families, finally closed his toilsome and troubled life, as rector of a public school in Rastenburg. They frequently met to read together Latin authors not included in the course of instruction, using the best editions, which Ruhnken, as the wealthiest of the number, supplied. They formed a common plan of life, making philology their chief study. But this plan was carried into execution only by the last." Schubert's Life of Kant, in the eleventh volume of the Leipsic edition of Kant's Works, 1842. The name of Kypke is well known to biblical critics. Porsch died as pastor in Königsberg, two years before the date of this letter.

P. 119. C. F. MATTHAEI was born in Gröst, near Merseburg, in 1774. He was a disciple of Ernesti. During his twelve years' residence in Moscow, where he was at first rector of the two gymnasia that were connected with the university, and afterwards professor in the university, he made several important discoveries among the old Greek manuscripts with which the library of Moscow abounded. His critical edition of the New Testament, from the Moscow manuscripts, is, in many respects, valuable. In 1784, he returned to Germany, and became rector of the gymnasium in Meissen, where he died in 1811, after having received the appointment of professor in Wittenberg.

P. 122. But enough of my personal history.—John Henry Voss, father of Henry Voss, mentioned so often in Passow's correspondence, was aided by the liberality of friends at Göttingen, for his own pecuniary resources did not furnish him the means of a university residence. He cultivated poetry, and Greek literature with a high degree of success. He attended

Heyne's lectures, but as the latter did not approve of the proceedings of the club of poets, the Hainbund, to which the former belonged, he excited the displeasure of Voss, even at that early period. Their subsequent disagreement is well known. On being compelled to leave Otterndorf, a town near the mouth of the Elbe, on account of ill health, Voss removed to Eutin, in Holstein, in 1782, where he continued as rector of a gymnasium till 1802. At this time the feeble state of his health again made it necessary for him to resign his charge, and he retired to private life in Jena. In 1805, he was invited by the duke of Baden to Heidelberg, where he was supported by a pension of 1000 florins till his death, in 1826. Neither his great literary merits, nor his personal vanity and irritability can be denied.

P. 123. F. A. WOLF was born in Haynrode, near Nordhausen, in Prussia, in 1769. He was at first educated by his father, who was well qualified for the office of teacher. On the father's removal to Nordhausen, young Wolf was sent to the gymnasium of that place, where he made great proficiency in his studies, more, however, by his own diligence than by means of public instruction. After he entered the university of Göttingen, he pursued the same method of private study, paying but little regard even to Heyne's lectures. In 1774, he was assistant teacher for a time in the gymnasium of Ilfeld, and soon afterwards rector in Osterode, in the Hartz Mountains. The next year, 1782, he accepted an invitation to Halle, where he laid the foundation of his literary fame, and continued to teach with the greatest applause till the suspension of the university by Napoleon, in 1806. In the following year he was invited to Berlin, and after the new Berlin university was founded and organized, according to his own views, in part, but chiefly according to those of the minister, von Humboldt, he was appointed a professor in it. But he never submitted to what now appeared to him the drudgery of ordinary duties; and at length, after several disputes with the ministry and with the other professors, he retired altogether from his public labors. In consequence of his declining health, he set out, by medical advice, on a journey to the south of France, and died at Marseilles, in 1824.-Kraft.

P. 124. In respect to your argument, etc.-Several of Wyttenbach's letters indicate, that he was of the same opinion with Ruhnken. Boissonade, in the preface to his Homer, published in 1823, says to the same effect, "I have read the Prolegomena of that great critic, in which are evinced extensive reading, uncommon research, and great power of language. But while I admire the production, it fails to carry conviction to my mind." The reasoning of Wolf was hypothetical, founded on the general analogy of the progress of knowledge and of the arts in other nations. Professor George William Nitzsch, of Kiel, has taken up the subject in a very different way, in several elaborate Programms and in the preface to the second volume of his notes on the Odyssey, where he has pursued the investigation historically, and carried his searching criticism to the minutest details, and thereby produced a strong re-action in Germany, so that some writers speak of Wolf's views on this point as already "antiquated," -a convenient word to designate the rapid revolutions which sometimes take place in that country.

P. 125. SPALDING.-This is George L. Spalding, of Berlin, son of John J. Spalding, of the same place, one of the most celebrated theologians and classical German writers of the eighteenth century. George L. Spalding was born in 1762, in Barth, a small Prussian town, on the Baltic, where his father was then preacher. He studied in the Berlin gymnasium, which was under the charge of the celebrated Büsching. He then studied in Göttingen and Halle. The fortune of his father enabled young Spalding to continue his studies two years after leaving the universities, and to travel in Germany, Switzerland, France, England and Holland. He was made professor in one of the gymnasia of Berlin, in 1787; and in 1792 he married a rich widow, much older than himself, with whom he lived a very happy domestic life, showing a special regard to his step-son, as if to repay the tender love with which a step-mother had watched over his early years. A Leipsic bookseller wished him to revise the text of Quintilian for a new edition, a work which it was supposed would occupy him but a few years. Upon further study, however, it appeared that the text of his author required a more thorough revision, and that he needed more helps than

were at hand. Thus the edition of Quintilian became the labor of his life, and he finally died at the end of nineteen years, leaving the work still unfinished. On Gedike's death, the place of rector was offered him, but he declined it, that he might enjoy the more leisure for his Quintilian. In 1805, he made a journey to Italy, to collate a Florentine manuscript of his author. Towards the close of his life, he was, in spite of his unwillingness, attached, as counsellor, to the ministry of public instruction. He died very suddenly of apoplexy in 1811. In his character there was a singular mixture of sweetness and irritability. His excitable nature is manifested even in his notes to Quintilian, where he sometimes thoroughly chastises other commentators for their blunders. Spalding wrote but little, but the first three volumes of Quintilian, especially the third, will preserve his name. The fourth volume was edited by Buttmann; and a fifth, a supplementary volume, by Zumpt, to which Bonnel has an admirable lexicon of Quintilian in a sixth volume. Few editions of the classics can boast of such talent and learning as this of Quintilian.

P. 127. Wyttenbach alludes to Horace, Odes 3, 7, 21, and to Propertius, lib. 5, eleg. 11, v. 1 and 6.

Terms of agreement, etc.—It would seem from a pretty extensive correspondence, that the Oxford gentlemen were not remarkably liberal in their dealings with Wyttenbach. He refers, more than once, to their reducing the size of the type, as if to lessen the editor's pay. He applied for a certain sum, to meet the expense of extra copying, which their haste required, that the press might not be stopped, in case of any accident occasioned by the war, but that a duplicate might be on hand; and they granted him half the sum, for which, however, there may possibly have been a sufficient reason. It was afterwards agreed, that, for the Annotations, in a reduced type, Wyttenbach should receive a greater sum than a guinea a sheet, or eight quarto pages. But the delegates finally made a new proposal, namely, to pay three hundred guineas for the remainder of the work, without regard to the number of pages, "which conditions," says Wyttenbach, "I accepted, though at a sacrifice, that the work might not be delayed any longer."

P. 129. GAISFORD.-In order to understand the tone of Wyttenbach's first letter to Gaisford, it will be necessary to bear in mind, that the latter was but a youth, about nineteen years old, and known only through his own letter, while the former was at the height of his reputation, being at that time fifty-eight years old.

P. 132. VILLOISON was of a noble family, and was born at Corbeil, near Paris, in 1750. He pursued his studies in the university of Paris with such success, that he took the master's degree at the age of fifteen. In his essays, he always gained the Greek prize, except once, and then he failed only in consequence of his teacher's ignorance; for having a bad Greek text given him to translate into Latin, he first corrected it, and then made his translation, a procedure which the professor did not comprehend, and therefore could not approve. At the age of nineteen, he had read all the Latin, and many of the Greek classics, marking and illustrating the difficult passages. He then studied the Arabic, Syriac, and Hebrew, without a teacher. The Academy of Inscriptions made a special exception to its rules, in order to receive him as a member, before he had reached the proper age. His edition of the Lexicon of Apollonius, prepared when he was but twenty-two years old, was received with great applause. In 1775, at the age of twenty-five, he travelled in Germany and Holland, and formed literary acquaintances, both in Weimar and in Leyden, which continued unbroken till his death. Sent by the government to Venice in 1781, he employed his four years' residence there, in examining the manuscripts in the library of St. Mark, and in the society of learned men, particularly that of the distinguished Morelli. He discovered a manuscript of the Iliad, with valuable scholia, and this circumstance led him to hope that he might find a similar one of the Odyssey, in some part of Greece. He therefore returned to Paris, to prepare to travel in the East. It was during these preparations, that he undertook, by request, to superintend the printing of Sainte Croix's work, on the Mysteries of the Ancients. Without consulting the author, he took the liberty to make innumerable alterations, and even inserted a dissertation of 120 pages, of a contrary tendency to