[RULE OF S. COLUMBA.] dia nedta do bit oc do timtereċt, do saetar mesraigti bid cosmail act is inill. Commus fo ryir nach aili bescnaidh bys craibdec. Mynma erlam fri derccmartrai. Mynma fossaid feidil fri ban martrai. Dilgad o cride da gaċ aen nduine. Aurnaigti gréssach ar in muintir dod cosich. Lére gabala ecnairce, amail bid saincarai irisech dyit ceċ marb irisech. Imna anmai issyssam. Do coitcynd figell on trat co araile fo a ryir nyich nach aile. Tri torbai isind lóa, .i. ernaigti, ocus lubair, ocus legenn. Ind lubair do fodail a trí, .i. do torba fadyin, ocus do torba do luicc do nyoch bus fir toise do; araill do cuitigh ina mbratar; araill do gor ina cobnessam, .i. rob do foircytal no scribynd, no uaim netaigh, no cecip torbai olcyna ar na beter indespa, ut Dominus ait, Non apparebis ante Me uacuus Ceċ ní ina urd chóir; nemo enim coronabitur nisi qui legitime certauerit. Secem derce ria cech ret. Ni hairbertha bit o biud combad guirt. gious, not tale-telling man, who is to attend continually on thee, with moderate labour of course, but always ready. Yield submission to every rule that is of devotion. A mind prepared for red martyrdom. A mind fortified and steadfast for white martyrdom c. Forgiveness from the heart to every one. Constant prayers for those who trouble thee. Fervour in singing the office for the dead, as if every faithful dead was a particular friend of thine. Hymns for soulsd to be sung standing. Let thy vigils be constant from eve to eve, under the direction of another person. Three labours in the day, viz., prayers, work, and reading. The work to be divided into three parts, viz., thine own work, and the work of thy place, as regards its real wants; secondly, thy share of the brethren's [work]; lastly, to help the neighbours, viz. by instruction or writing, or sewing garments, or whatever labour they may be in want of, ut Dominus ait, "Non apparebis ante Me vacuus." Everything in its proper order; Nemo enim coronabitur nisi qui legitime certaverit. Follow alms-giving before all things. Take not of food till thou art hungry. [RULE OF S. COLUMBA.] Ni cotalta combad eim lat. Ni accalta combad fri toisc. Nach forcraid no sechnai do dilys proinn no do etach fuir tabair fri haircisect ina mbratar do coset, no do bochtaib olcyna. Serc Dé o uilib craídib ocus o uilib nyrtaib; Syrc do cobnyssam samail ut fadyin. Fedliged i timnaib De tria san uile namsir. Do mod ernaigti co toetsat do dera; No do mod do obair torbaig co toetsat do derai; No do mod do obair torbaiġ, no do slectanaib co thí hallus comminic manabat solma do derae. FINIT. a Printed here from Appendix D, pp. 109112, to Primate Colton's Visitation of Derry, ed. Reeves. The translation is Mr. Curry's. In the original MS. it forms one of several socalled Rules, the others being in metre; and the nature of its contents, together with the absence of evidence that S. Columba ever composed a written Rule, marks it almost certainly as a later production of some Columbite monk or hermit (see Dr. Reeves's remarks in the same Appendix, and in Add. Notes to Adamn., Sleep not till thou feelest desire. Speak not except on business. Every increase which comes to thee in lawful meals, or in wearing apparel, give it for pity to the brethren that want it, or to the poor in like manner. The love of God with all thy heart and all thy strength; The love of thy neighbour as thyself. Abide in the Testaments of God throughout all times. Thy measure of prayer shall be until thy tears come; Or thy measure of work of labour till thy tears come; Or thy measure of thy work of labour, or of thy genuflexions, until thy perspiration often comes, if thy tears are not free. FINIT. V. S. Col., pp. 336-339). b That is, an Episcopal church or city (Reeves). That is, self-mortification and ascetic practices, or bodily chastisement, as opposed to "red martyrdom," where blood is shed or the life laid down for the truth's sake (Reeves). d Or, "Hymns of names," i. e. Litanies, according to another possible rendering of the word "anmai" (Reeves). APPENDIX B. LAWS ATTRIBUTED TO KENNETH MAC ALPIN (SPURIOUS). HECT. BOETH., X. 201, ed. 1574.-KENNETHI LEGES CIVILES. legum, quæ adhuc extant, sunt hujusmodi. I. Singulis in regionibus singuli sint jurisperiti, ut ab initio est institutum. II. Horum filii a primæva ætate leges discant. III. Legum tabulas, regum magnatumque cartophylacia, soli hi servent. IV. Si horum quispiam criminis falsi convictus fuerit, furca vitam finiat, abjiciaturque insepultus. V. Furti convictum suspendito, homicidii capite truncato. VI. Mulierem capitalis criminis damnatam, aut amne submergito, aut defodito vivam. VII. Qui Dei nomen, divorumve, Regis, aut tribus suæ ducis, blasphemia læserit; ei linguam abscindito. VIII. Qui mendacii in proximi perniciem fuerit convictus, ei gladium adimito, ejusque congressum exinde devitato. IX. Capitalium insimulatos, septem spectata fide viri aut novem, undecim, tredecim, quindecim, aut numero majori, modo is impar fuerit, ex sententia judicanto. X. Latrones, grassatores, depopulatores agrorum, ferro punito. XI. Fugitivos, bardos1, otio addictos, scurras, et hujusmodi hominum genus, loris et flagro cædunto. XII. Uxor non luet mariti scelus; viro autem fraudi erit, si, eo sciente, quid uxor deliquerit. XIII. Concubinam viri eadem, cum eo, quicum delinquit, poena torqueto. XIV. Qui virginis rapuerit honorem, nisi injuriæ authorem vitiata poposcerit in virum, capitis pœnam luito. XV. Si quis alterius conjugem non invitam vitiaverit, uterque extremo afficiatur supplicio. Si vis mulieri fuerit illata, vir injurius proximo, ferro damnabitur, mulier erit innoxia. XVI. Filium, si parentibus injurius fuerit, lingua, pede, manuve, eodem privatum membro in crucem tollito, abjicitoque insepultum, XVII. Homicida, mutus, aut parenti ingratus, hæres non esto. 1 Bardi nihil hic faciunt; leg. vargos, vel vergos; ita vocarunt errones. Salmas. ap. W. [LAWS OF KENNETH MAC ALPIN.] XVIII. Præstigiatores, magos, manes invocantes, malis dæmonibus familiares, aut ab eis petentes auxilia, ad unum concremato. XIX. Semina nisi nocivis granis munda, terræ ne condito. XX. Qui sua culpa agros satiles nocivis herbis labefactari siverit, eum ob primam culpam bove uno mulctato, ob secundam decem, ob tertiam vero agris ipsis arceto. XXI. Commilitonem, amicumve prælio forte cæsum, sepelito, hostem sinito insepultum. 2 XXII. Aberrans pecus aut domino, aut furum indagatori (Tocioderach vulgus appellat), aut sacerdoti reddito; quod si triduum penes te retinueris, furti reus esto. XXIII. Qui rem proximi deperditam repererit, præconis voce denunciet inventam; alioquin furis deputetur supplicio. XXIV. Qui litigantem secum in judicio percusserit, causæ reus, pulsato homine absoluto, dicatur. XXV. Si coeuntibus bobus, quævis icta incerto percussore interierit casu, quæ earum fuerit incornuta cædis authorem judicanto. Ejus dominus, mortuo accepto animali, damnum proximo reparabit. XXVI. Si sus foetus suos ederit, lapidibus obruito, ejusque carnes ne comedito. XXVII. Suem segetes edentem, aut grunno cultum subruentem agrum, occidito impune. XXVIII. Cætera animantia, quæ nobiscum degunt, si tua læserint terræ nascentia, donec eorum dominus damnum reparaverit, te penes servato. Hæc civilia et popularia: cætera, quæ ad nos devenerunt, religiosa sunt, KENNETHI LEGES RELIGIOSE.-I. Aras, templa, divorum statuas, oratoria, sacella, sacerdotes, omnesque sacræ familiæ viros, ex animo venerator. II. Festos et solennes dies, jejunia, vigilias, et omnifarias ceremonias, quas Christo Regi et sacratissimæ Ejus militiæ decrevit humana pietas, multo honore observato. III. Lædere Christi sacerdotem dicto factove exitiale sit. IV. Agrum, quo quis forte occisus, sepultus fuerit, septennium incultum relinquito. V. Sepulchrum omne sacrum habeto, idque crucis signo adornato; quod ne pede aliquando conculces, caveto. 2 Lib. 1. Reg. Majest. cap. vi. § 8, vocatur Toscheo Derach; et notat Skenæus, barbarum esse nomen priscis Scotis et Hibernis usitatum pro serjando aut serviente curiam, qui literas citatorias mandat executioni.-W. Tossachdoir (Orig. Paroch. Scotl., II. 5) is interpreted "crowner (ib., p. 97); and see ib., p. 172, and Chalmers' Caled., I. 451 (quoted by Reeves). The office was one of high importance originally, but sank gradually into something between that of a ground-officer or bailiff and that of a sheriff's officer" (Stuart's Pref. to Book of Deer, p. lxxxi. note I, and authorities there quoted). [LAWS OF KENNETH MAC ALPIN.] VI. Defuncti funus habita facultatum ratione curato. VII. Insignis viri, aut qui de republica optime fuerit meritus, celebri, lugubri tamen, pompa funus efferto. VIII. Duos huic adhibeto equestres: alterum vita functi arma indutum ferentem insigne candido equo, alterum pulla veste velata facie nigro equo insidentem. Hic, posteaquam uterque supplicatoriam deductionem funusque antecedens ad templum venerit, retroacto equo, ad altare, dominum morte absumptum vociferans, populo in eum execrante, unde venit, celerius se conferat. Ille ad altare recto pergens gradu, deposita arma equumque offerat sacerdoti demortui insigni admoto monumento, significans eo dominum immortali vita patriaque æternæ claritatis frui. Hujusmodi ritum virorum insignium efferendi funera, parum, ut multis est visum, religiosum, posterior ætas abolevit; sacerdoti equi armorumque loco quinque sterlingicis libris in oblationem tributis. His Kennethus Rex institutis longeque pluribus, quorum partem majorem vetustas aut potius regum sanctiones abrogarunt, populum rite instructum magna fœlicitate usque ad vitæ exitum rexit. Pontificiam sedem dudum Pictorum ab Abbernethi oppido, eo ferro et igni deleto, ad templum Reguli transtulit. Exinde huic oppido Sancti Andreæ ædes nomen est factum, eosque, qui illuc per pluscula inde tempora sacrum gessere magistratum, maximos Scotorum Episcopos appellarunt. Nondum enim Scotorum regnum, uti nunc, in dioceses divisum erat; sed quivis episcoporum, quos ea ætate vitæ sanctimonia cunctis reverendos fecerat, quocunque fuisset loco, sine discrimine pontificia munera obibat. Hujusmodi Scotorum Ecclesiæ administratio ad Malcolmi tertii tempora perseveravit, quando ipse superne admonitus, uti suo referetur loco, sacrum Multhlacensem instituit magistratum. Cæterum tanta reverentia inter homines, tantaque vitæ innocentia, et erga Deum pietate, sacer divi Andreæ pontificatus ab institutione sui longa episcoporum serie ad tempus usque quo hæc commentabamur, est continuatus (sex enim supra triginta antistites, et eorum complures inter divos relatos, illic sedisse perhibent), ut nusquam gentium veræ religionis cultus, morum consentiente probitate, magis effulserit. Ad Kennethum redeo. Erant termini ejus regni post Pictos deletos Northumbria et Hirta (ea est ultima Hebridum insularum), Hibernicus hinc oceanus, et illinc Germanicus. Moritur tandem Rex omni vita illustris pituitæ exundantia apud Forteviotum, anno, quam supremum inter Scotos iniverat magistratum, vicesimo, Christi autem Domini quinquagesimo et quinto supra octingentesimum. Ejus funus celeberrima pompa in Ionam est elatum; ubi Firgusius, Hirtus, ac fortissimi quique Scotorum Reges, conditi quiescunt. Suffectus est in demortui locum Donaldus, Kennethi germanus, diverso multum a fratre ingenio. [S., I. 340-343; W., I. 179-181.] |