[LIVES OF SCOTTISH SAINTS.] 7. S. Finani, Episcopi (of Lindisfarne, A.D. 651-661, also sent from Hy): from the Brev. Aberd. and Bada, in Actt. SS. Feb. 17, vol. III. p. 21. See also Colgan, I. 357; and Hardy, as above, 259. 8. S. Adomnani or Adamnani, Abbatis (of Hy, A.D. 679-704; see above, p. 135): an Irish Life, of which an extract is in Skene, Chron. 408, 409, from MS. Brussels No. 5101-4. See also Actt. SS. Sept. 23, vol. VI. p. 642; Mabillon, Actt., SS. Ben. Sæc. III., IV. 452, ed. Venet. ; and Hardy, as above, 388. 9. S. Bonifacii, Episcopi (preached among the Picts in the time of Nectan about the beginning of the 8th century [see above, p. 116, note a], but his legend, which makes him Pope after Gregory the Great, and also end as Bishop of Rosemarkie, dates his death about the earlier half of the 7th century probably he was in reality an Irishman, viz. S. Cuiritin or Queretinus [Reeves, Culdees, p. 45]): in Brev. Aberd. Pars Hyem. Prop. SS. fol. lxx., printed also in Skene, Chron. 421-423. See also Actt. SS. March 16, vol. II. p. 449. 10. S. Blaithmaici, Martyris et Abbatis (of Hy, but not abbat, probably president or prior under the joint Abbat of Kells and Hy, martyred A.D. 825 by the Danes, Ann. Ult.): auct. Walafrid. Strabon. Abb. Augiensi (i. e. of the Irish abbey of Reichenau, beginning of 9th century), in hexameter verse; in Colgan, I. 128; Messingham, Florileg., &c., pp. 399–402; Canisius, Lectt. Antiq., II. ii. 201; Actt. SS. Jan. 19, vol. II. p. 236; Mabillon, Actt. SS. Ben. Sac. III., IV. 439; Pinkerton, Vitæ, &c. 459; and see Hardy, as above, 497. 11. S. Reguli (Rule), Episcopi (a Greek from Patras, brought S. Andrew's relics to Pictland, where he preached the Gospel; in the 4th century according to his legend, but probably in the 8th century if at all: see above, p. 117; and Joseph Robertson, in Quarterly Review, LXXXV. p. 110: Dr. Reeves [Culdees, p. 34] identifies him conjecturally with S. Riaghail of Muic-inis in Ireland): Historia Beati Reguli et Fundationis Eccles. S. Andrea, from the Reg. of S. Andrew's, in App. VII. to Pinkerton's Enquiry, pp. 456 sq. Also, Qualiter Acciderit quod Memoria S. Andreæ Apostoli amplius in Regione Pictorum, quæ nunc Scotia dicitur, quam in cæteris Regionibus sit, &c., in Pinkerton, ib., App. XII. pp. 496 sq., and Ussher, De Antiq. Brit. Eccl., VI. 187-190. See also Actt. SS. Oct. 17, vol. VIII. pp. 175-180; and Skene, Chron. 138, 183, 375 12. S. Indrechti, Martyris et Abbatis (of Hy, A.D. [before] 849-854, went to Ireland with S. Columba's relics A.D. 849 [Ann. Ult.], martyred by Saxons on his way to Rome A.D. 854 [Ann. Innisf.]): legend written by W. Malm., still in MS., abridged in Capgrave, N. L. A. 188; and Actt. SS. Feb. 5, vol. I. p. 689; which misdates the martyrdom as in the time of [LIVES OF SCOTTISH SAINTS.] Ina of Wessex and therefore about A.D. 689, and locates it near Glastonbury, and makes Indrecht merely the son of an Irish King, and also to have been returning from Rome, but which probably is meant to refer to the Abbat of Hy. See also Hardy, as above, 338. To these are to be added the legends in the Brev. Aberdon., as e, g. of S. Baldred of East Lothian (7th century), S. Cainnech (Albanice Kenneth, who belongs rather to Ireland), S. Constantine (of Cornwall; see above in vol. I. pp. 120, 157), S. Drostan (Actt. SS. July 11, vol. III. pp. 198–200), S.Fergus, S. Kessog, S. Modanus (Actt. SS. Feb. 4, vol. I. p. 498), S. Molocus or Molonacus (Moluoc, or Lughaidh, of Lismore in Argyll, ob. A.D. 592), &c. A full list of Scottish Saints will be found in Bishop Forbes's Kalendars of Scottish Saints. The great majority of those whose names occur in connection with Scotland, belong rather to Ireland, both by their birth and by their principal labours. PERIOD THE THIRD. FROM THE PRIMACY OF DUNKELD, A.D. 849–906 (?), AND THAT OF S. ANDREW'S FROM THE LATTER YEAR TO THE CONSECRATION OF TURGOT TO S. ANDREW'S, A.D. 1109. A.D. 849-1109. [A.D. 849-(about) A.D. 906. Primacy at Dunkeld instead of Hy during the first four A.D. 906. Council of Scone. Primacy transferred to S. Andrew's about this time. c. A.D. 1000. The Orkneys converted to Christianity. A.D. 1018. Laodonia ceded to Malcolm II. King of Scotia (Sim. Dun., Hist. Dun., and transferred accordingly, ecclesiastically, from the see of Durham to A.D. 1050. Pilgrimage of Macbeth King of Scotland to Rome. A.D. 1063. Foundation of Morthlach as an Episcopal monastery (afterwards the see of Aberdeen). A.D. 1070× 1093. Fothadh, chief Bishop of Alban, said to have professed subjection to York. A.D. 1070× 1089. Reforms of Queen Margaret. A.D. 1097. Hy as well as the Isles subject to Norway, and therefore under the Bishop of A.D. 1109. Consecration of Turgot at York to the see of S. Andrew's.] According to Wallingford (p. 544) and Roger of Wendover (I. 416), Kenneth II., by gift of Eadgar and therefore A.D. 971 × 975, acquired at least part of Laodonia. And in that case, Malcolm II. either pushed on the boundary so as to include Teviotdale and the Merse (so Palgrave), or recovered the whole district after an intermediate loss of it (so Freeman). In either case, the ecclesiastica jurisdiction of S. Andrew's did not at any time include Teviotdale, which remained subject to Durham until about A.D. 1100, and was then seized by Glasgow (see above, pp. 12, 15). See the whole (political) case stated at length in Freeman, Norman Conquest, I. 575 sq. A.D. 854. Martyrdom (so called) of Indrecht Abbat of Hy. ANN. INNISF., in an. 854. Indrechtaig hua [grandson] Finechta, Abbas lae, hi mardochoid oc dul do Roim Saxanu [martyred on his journey to Rome by the Saxons].-ANN. ULT., in an. 854. Heres [PRIMATES AT DUNKELD.] Columbe Cille sapiens optimus 4 Id. Marcii apud Saxones martiri Zatura. a See also O'Donovan, Annals of Ireland, Three Fragments, &c., p. 127, Dubl. 1860; and above, p. 139. One Diarmaid was killed with him (O'Donovan, ib.). A.D. 860 × 863. Council (so called) of Forteviot under Donald King of Pictavia b. CHRON. PICT.-Dunevaldus frater ejus [sc. Kinadii] tenuit idem regnum [sc. Pictaviam] IIII. annis. In hujus tempore jura ac leges regni Edi filii Ecdach fecerunt Goedeli cum Rege suo in Fothiurthabaicth. [Skene, Chron. 8.] A.D. 865, 873. Primates, Abbats of Dunkeld, and Bishopsa. ANN. ULT., in an. 865. Ceallach mac Aillello Abbas Cilledara et Abbas la dormivit in regione Pictorum . . . . Tuathal mac Artguso primus Episcopus Fortrenn et Abbas Duincaillenn dormivit.—IB., in 873. Flaithbertach mac Murcertaigh Princeps Duincaillden obiit. ANN. ULT., in an. 878.-Scrin Coluimcille et aminna olchena du thiachtain do cum n-Erenn for teicheadh ria Gallaibh [the shrine of Columcille and all his reliquaries were brought to Erin in refuge from the Galls]. A.D. 878 x 896. King Cyric's (or Grig's) gift of "liberty to the Scottish Church a" primus CHRON. PICT.-Grig Mac Dungal XII. annis regnavit, et mortuus est in Dundurn b, et sepultus est in Iona insula. Hic dedit libertatem Ecclesie Scoticane, que sub servitute erat usque . [COUNCIL OF SCONE.] ad illud tempus ex consuetudine et more Pictorum. [Skene, Chron. 151; also, from Reg. S. Andr., ib. 174, and in Innes, Critical Essay, 801, 802.] a Various explanations have been suggested of this enigmatical "gift" of King Cyric. Joseph Robertson (Stat. Eccl. Scot., Pref. xix., and so also Mr. Stuart, Pref. to Book of Deer, pp. xcii-c) endorses a supposition of Mr. Skene's, that it means freedom from lay services, comparing the letter of Boniface to Cuthbert A.D. 745, the well-known but obscure gifts of Ethelwulf A.D. 854, the laws of the Northumbrian priests c. A.D. 950, the charters in the Book of Deer, &c. Mr. Skene, in the Pref. to his Chronicles, interprets it (less probably) of a restoration of influence to the Scottish or Columbite clergy; quoting an earlier Pictish Chronicle (ib. 8) to the effect that the Picts were "destroyed" by Kenneth Mac Alpin, "quia illi non solum Domini missam ac præceptum spreverunt, sed et in jure equitatis aliis equiparari noluerunt;" and adducing the legend of S. Adrian or Odran, founder of the abbey of May, who came with a band of clergy to Fifeshire, as probably referring to some such revolution. The 13thcentury Chron. of Picts and Scots (Skene, 204), also specifies the "servitude" to be "dez lays as usages de Picys." Robertson's Early Scotl., following Pinkerton and Chalmers, connects the matter with the transfer of the primacy from Dunkeld to S. Andrew's; which certainly took place about this period, but probably either in, or just prior to, A.D. 906, and which is connected with the parallel transfer of the civil capital from Forteviot to Scone. That there was a council on the subject, and that it was held at Forfar, rests solely upon Boethius (X. p. 209); who gives also a series of privileges granted by it to the clergy, beginning with an exemption of all "sacerdotes a tributo et regiis (ut dicunt) exactionibus, militiaque," also from the jurisdiction of the civil law courts, with a jurisdiction of their own in causes of faith, marriage, wills, &c., and ending with imposing an oath upon every King of Scotland at his coronation, to protect the liberties, &c. of the Church: all of which appears to have no better foundation than the one obscure sentence in the Chronicle. b Formerly identified with Durrisdeer or Dunadeer in the Garioch, alleged to have been the capital city of the Picts in that district, viz. of the northern Picts (Chalmers, Caledonia, III. 7, p. 383, note I), but the Prophecy of Berchan (in Skene, Chron. 98) seems to prove (as Mr. Skene says) that it was really Dundurn (Dun d'Earn) on Loch Earn near S. Fillan's (Skene, Pref. cxxxvi, n.). A.D. 906a. Council of Scone, under Constantine son of Aodh, King, and Cellach, Bishop, of Albano. CHRON. PICT.-In VI. anno Constantinus Rex [filius Edii] et Cellachus Episcopus leges disciplinasque fidei atque jura ecclesiarum et ewangeliorumqued pariter cum Scottis in Colle credulitatis prope regali civitati Scoan devoverunt custodiri. Ab hoc die collis hoc meruit nomen, id est, Collis credulitatis. [Skene, Chron. 8; W., I. 204.] a The date depends on that of the beginning of Constantine's reign; and Donald his predecessor died A.D. 900 (Ann. Ult.). On the other hand, the oldest Pict. Chron. makes him resign the throne ten years before his death (Skene, Chron. 10-he died in the tenth year of his successor's reign), the later Chronicles however reducing this to five: and the Chron. of Scots and Picts (13th century), and indeed all the Pictish Chronicles, give forty years as the length of his reign, while the Ann. Ult. themselves date his death A.D. 952, thus making his reign begin A.D. 903, and the council of Scone date A.D. 909. It does not seem, however, that there was any interval between Donald's death and Constantine's accession. And the date from the Irish annals is probably the more trustworthy. The forty years is probably a round number only. b"Oppidum Fother occisum est. a gentibus," in the reign of Donald, i. e. before A.D. 900 and in the third year of Constantine, i. e. A.D. 903, "Normanni prædaverunt Duncalden" (Chron. in Skene, 9). As the result |