[FIRST NORTHMAN CHRISTIAN CHIEF.]

Scotiam miserunt, et inde quemdam prægrandis ut fama ferebat eloquentiæ virum, Bernelmum nomine, magno conductum pretio in tuitionem suæ causæ contra Dunstanum adduxerunt. Conglobati ergo sub uno clericorum filii Regem atque Dunstanum apud villam quæ dicitur Kalne in quodam coenaculo consistentes reperiunt, et armati rhetore illo qui suæ victoriæ spes maxima erat, antiquæ calumniæ coram eis jurgia promunt. [Angl. S., II. 220.]—So also, before Eadmer, OSBERN., V. S. Dunstan. [ib. 112].

a Possibly an Irishman, but the Saxon name takes us rather to southern Scotland. Keledean sympathies with secular canons may perhaps have had something to do with the question (so Grub, I. 231).

Sc. the "Clerici" of Winchester at the council of Winchester, A.D. 975. But it was

hardly the "filii," after a lapse of only two
years. The commonly received history, how-
ever, of Dunstan's proceedings against the
secular clerks, rests in its details upon very
questionable evidence.
c Edgar.

A.D. 980. ANN. IV. MAG., in an. 979.-Amhlaoibh mac Siotriocca aird tigherna Gall Atha Cliatha, do dol co Hi dia oilithre a eicc innte iar pennaindy deighbheithaidhe [Amhlaeibh son of Sitric, chief lord of the foreigners of Athcliath, went to Hy on his pilgrimage; and he died there, after penance and a good life.]

This is the first evidence in the Irish annals to a Danish chief (as here, of Dublin) being a Christian (O'Donovan ad loc.).

A.D. 1003 × 1033. Grant of Malcolm II. to the Monastery of Deera. Book of DEER.-Malcoloum mac Cinathá dorat cúit rííg íbbidbín acus inpett meic gobroíg acus dá dabégb uactaír rósábard [Maelcoluim son of Kenneth gave (the) King's share in Bidbin and in Pett meic gobroig, and two davochs of upper Rosabard]. [p. 93, ed. Stuart.]

See Stuart's Book of Deer, Pref. li. b A davoch=416 Scottish acres or four ploughlands.

e Memoranda follow in the same place of two (among many) grants to the same abbey: one by Malcolm son of Malbride, Mormaer of Moray (ob. A.D. 1029), the other by

Malsnechte (ob. A.D. 1085), son of Lulach (ob. A.D. 1058), which Lulach was son of Gruoch, who married Macbeth for a second husband, and brought to him also (apparently) the mormaerdom of Moray. Consequently Moray must have reached east of the Spey at this period.

A.D. 1018. CHRON. OF THE SCOTS.-Ipse [Malcolm II.] etiam multas oblationes tam ecclesiis quam clero ea diea distribuit. [Skene, 131.]

Sc. the day of the battle of Carham; as a result of which Malcolm acquired the Lothians. The council of Perth (reckoned as a Scottish council by Innes) and the laws of Malcolm Mac Kenneth, found in Boethius, are spurious.

*

For the foundation of the see of Morthlach, wrongly (as it should seem) attributed to Malcolm II., see below under Malcolm III., A.D. 1063.

[MACBETH'S GRANT TO THE KELEDEI OF LOCHLEVEN.]

A.D. 1026. ANN. IV. MAG., in an.-Maolruanaidh Ua Maoldoraidh, tigherna Ceniuil Conaill, do dhol tar muir dia oilitre [Maelruanaidh o'Maeldoraidh, lord of Cinel Conaill, went over the sea on his pilgrimage, sc. to Hy].

A.D. 1028 × 1055. REG. PRIOR. S. ANDR.-Maldunus Episcopus Sancti Andree contulit ecclesiam de Marchinke [Markinch, near Lochleven] cum tota terra honorifice et devote Deo et Sancto Servano, et Keledeis de insula Louchleven, cum prefata libertate. [p. 116.]

A.D. 1034. ANN. ULT., in an.-Mac Nia hua Uchtan fer leighinn Cennanusa do bathadh ac tiachtain a h-Albain culebadha Coluimcille tri minna do mhinnaib Patraic tricha fer impu [Macnia o'Uchtan, ferlegin or lector of Kells, drowned when coming from Alban, and the culebadha of Columcille, and three of the reliquaries of Patrick, and thirty men with him].

a i. e. the colobium or tunic. See a full account of it in the Add. Notes to Reeves's Adamnan, PP. 321-323.

A.D. 1039 x 1054. Grant by King Macbeth to the Keledei of Lochleven".

REG. PRIOR. S. ANDR. Qualiter Mackbet filius Finlach et Gruoch dederunt Sancto Servano Kyrkenes.-Machbet filius Finlach contulit pro suffragiis orationum, et Gruoch filia Bodhe, Rex et Regina Scotorum, Kyrkenes Deo omnipotenti et Keledeis prefate insule Lochleuine, cum suis finibus et terminis. Hii enim sunt fines et termini de Kyrkenes et villule que dicitur Pethmokanne: de loco Moneloccodhan usque ad amnem qui dicitur Leuine, et hoc in latitudine. Item a pubblica strata que ducit apud Hinhirkethy, usque ad Saxum Hibernensium, et hoc in longitudine. Et dicitur Saxum Hibernensium, quia Malcolmus Rex filius Duncani concessit eis salinagium quod Scotice. dicitur Chonnane. Et uenerunt Hibernienses ad Kyrkenes ad domum cuiusdam uiri nomine Mochan, qui tunc fuit absens, et solummodo mulieres erant in domo, quas oppresserunt uiolenter Hibernienses, non tamen sine rubore et uerecundia. Rei etiam euentu ad aures prefati Mochan peruento, iter quam tocius domi festinauit, et inuenit ibi Hibernienses in eadem domo cum matre sua. Exhortacione

[MACBETH'S PILGRIMAGE TO ROME.]

etenim matri sue sepius facta, ut extra domum ueniret, que nullatenus uoluit, set Hibernienses uoluit protegere, et eis pacem dare. Quos omnes prefatus uir, in ulcionem tanti facinoris, ut oppressores mulierum et barbaros et sacrilegos, in medio flamme ignis una cum matre sua uiriliter combussit. Et ex hac causa dicitur locus ille Saxum Hiberniensium. [p. 114-]

IB. De libertate Kyrkenes collata a Rege Macbet filio Finlach et a Gruohc Regina.-Cum omni libertate collata fuit villa de Kyrkenes Deo omnipotenti et Keledeis, absque omni munere et onere et exaccione Regis et filii Regis, vicecomitis et alicuius, et sine refeccione pontis, et sine excercitu et uenacione, set pietatis intuitu et orationum suffragiis fuit Deo omnipotenti collata. [ib.]

a These records are the next in date after A.D. 955, which mention Keledei in Scotland. They are not charters, but (as usual) minutes of past grants, drawn up long after date as is plain in the case of the first by the strange story inserted in it, which dates at some time subsequent to Malcolm Canmore, son of Duncan, King A.D. 1056-1093. Kirkness is a little

south of Lochleven. And Pethmokanne, it is to be supposed, is Portmoak, close by.

Another grant by Macbeth, of the "Villa de Bolgyne, heremitis de Lochleuin," almost in identical terms with the second of those given above, is in the same Register of S. Andrew's, p. 12.

A.D. 1045. Lay (Keledean) Abbat of Dunkeld.

ANN. TIGH., in an.-Cath etir Albancho araenrian cur marbadh andsin Crinan Ab. Duincalland sochaighe maille fris .i. nae XX. laech [Battle between the Albanich on both sides, in which Crinan Abbat of Dunkeld was slain there, and many with him, viz. nine times twenty heroes].

A.D. 1050. MARIAN. SCOTUS [A.D. 1078], in an.-Rex Scotia Macbethada Romæ argentum pauperibus seminando distribuit.

[BISHOP FOTHADH II.'S GIFT TO THE KELEDEI OF LOCHLEVEN.]

c. A.D. 1055. A (Northman) Bishop of the Orkneys, sent by Adalbert Archbishop of Bremen a.

Adam. BREM., III. 70.—Preterea Thurolfum quendam posuit (Adalbertus) ad Orchadas. Illuc etiam misit Johannem in Scotia ordinatum, et alium quemdam Adalbertum cognominem suum. [p. 176, ed. Pertz.]

A.D. 1055. ANN. TIGH., in an.-Maelduin mac Gillaodran Epscop Alban Jordan Gaedel o cleircib in Christo quievit [Mallduin son of Gillaodran, Bishop of Albana, the giver of orders to the clergy, died in Christ.]

a See above under A.D. 963.

A.D. 1055 × 1059. REG. PRIOR. S. ANDR. Tuadal Episcopus Sancti Andree contulit ecclesiam de Sconỳn [Scoonie, close to Markinch] prefatis viris religiosis [sc. Keledeis] devote et integre cum omni libertate et honore pro suffragiis oracionum. [p. 116.]

1059–1093. Gift of Bishop Fothadh II. to the Keledei of Lochleven. REG. PRIOR. S. ANDR.-Modacha filius Malmýkel, uir piissime recordacionis, Episcopus Sancti Andree, cuius uita et doctrina tota regio Scotorum feliciter est illustrata, contulit Deo et Sancto Servano, et Keledeis heremitis apud insulam Louchleuen, in scola uirtutum ibidem degentibus, deuote et honorifice, cum prefatis libertatibus, ecclesiam de Hurkenedorathb. Iste sunt antique prestaciones et canones, quas prefate ecclesie soluebant antiquitus, scilicet triginta panes decoctos cum antiqua mensura farine ibi apposita, et triginta caseos quorum quilibet facit chudreme, et octo male de braseo, et derchede male et ... chedher male. [p. 117.]

a A mistake for Fothadh.

bi. e. Auchterderran, south-east of Lochleven.

[FOUNDATION OF DUNFERMLIN.]

A.D. 1063. Morthlach erected by Malcolm Canmore into an Episcopal Monastery.

REG. EPISC. ABERDON.-Anno Domini millesimo septuagesimo Malcolmus Rex Scotorum, filius Kenachi, duxit in uxorem beatam Margaretam Reginam.......Et anno regni sui sextoa fundata est sedes Episcopalis apud Morthlach, ut habetur in primo filio primi quaterni. Et processu temporis translata est sedes Episcopalis apud Aberdon b, per Dauid filium suum Regem Scocie, et dotata, ut habetur in eodem folio. [Innes in Pref. p. xvii.]

IB.-MALCOLMUS REX SCOTTORUM, omnibus probis hominibus suis, tam clericis quam laicis, salutem. Sciatis me dedisse, et hac carta mea confirmasse, Deo et Beate Marie et omnibus Sanctis, et Episcopo Beyn de Morthelach, ecclesiam de Morthelach, ut ibidem construatur sedes Episcopalis, cum terris meis de Morthelach; ecclesiam de Cloueth cum terra, ecclesiam de Dulmeth cum terra; ita libere sicut eas tenui, et in puram et perpetuam elemosynam: teste meipso apud Forfare, octauo die mensis Octobris anno regni mei sexto. [p. 3.]

a Malcolm was crowned April 25, A.D. 1057. The first of the two extracts above given depends partly upon conjectural readings of Mr. Cosmo Innes; but the reference in it is, beyond dispute, to Malcolm Canmore (see Innes, Pref.).

b A.D. 1137 is the date of King David's charter, but the see was probably translated A.D. 1125. See below, under the year.

That Malcolm III, and not (as Fordun, IV. 44, affirms) Malcolm II., founded Mortlach, see C. Innes' Pref. to Chartul. of Aberdeen, pp. xi-xviii. But the charter above given is, as it stands, of very questionable character. The foundation was apparently of an episcopal monastery, rather than of

an episcopal see; a diocese with jurisdiction over it not existing until David transferred the see to Aberdeen. Mortlach is in Banffshire, not far from the mouth of the river Spey. Cloveth, now Clova, was a small monastery dependent upon Mortlach. The original foundation of Mortlach is assigned to S. Moloc or Moluag of Lismore in Argyllshire; just as the neighbouring Celtic monastery of Turriff (close to the river Deveron, in Aberdeenshire, but on the borders of Banff) is assigned to S. Congan, who also began his Scottish labours in Argyllshire. See above, p. 107; and Stuart's Book of Deer, Pref. cxxxiv. sq.

A.D. 1065. ANN. IV. MAG., in an. - Dubhtach Albanach, ard anmchara Ereann Alban, decc i n-Ard Macha [Dubhtach of Alban, chief anmcharaa of Ireland and Alba, died at Armagh].

a

"Confessarius," or spiritual director.

Dr. Reeves (Add. Notes to Adamn., p. 401) wishes to identify him with S. Duthac of Ross,

usually dated in the 13th century, and commemorated in Brev. Aberd. Pars Hyem., fol. 66.

A.D. 1070. Foundation of Dunfermlina, upon Queen Margaret's marriage.

EXCERPTA E SCRIPTIS TURGOTI, No. IV.-Nuptiæ quidem factæ sunt non procul a sinu maris quo applicuit, et magnifice celebratæ, anno Domino millesimo septuagesimo, loco qui dicitur Dumfermelyn,