[GRANTS OF SCOTTISH KINGS TO DURHAM AND TO COLDINGHAM.] A.D. 1093 x 1107. Grant to the Keledei of Lochleven by Ethelred son of Malcolm and Margaret, “Abbas de Dunkellden, et insuper Comes de Fyf" (Reg. Prior. S. Andr. 115, 116). A.D. 1094. Grant of Duncan King of Scotland to Durhama. Carta Dunecani filij Regis Malcolomb, de Tyningham, Aldeham, Scuchale, Cnole, Hather-wyk, et seruicio de Brokesmuth, dat. Sancto Cuthberto cum soca et saca. EGO DUNECANUS, FILIUS REGIS MALCOLUMB, CONSTANS HEREDITARIE REX SCOTIE, dedi in elemosina Sancto Cuthberto et suis seruitoribus Tiningeham, Aldeham, Scuchale, Cnolle, Hatheruuich, et de Broccesmuthe omne seruitium quod inde habuit Fodanus Episcopusb: et hec dedi in tali quietantia cum saca et soca, qualem unquam meliorem habuit Sanctus Cuthbertus ab illis de quibus tenet suas elemosinas. Et hoc dedi pro me ipso et pro anima patris mei et pro fratribus meis et pro uxore mea et pro infantibus meis. Et quoniam uolui quod istud donum stabile esset Sancto Cuthberto, feci quod fratres mei concesserunt. Qui autem istud uoluerit destruere, uel ministris Sancti Cuthberti aliquid inde auferre, maledictionem Dei et Sancti Cuthberti et meam habeat. Amen. A.D. 1097 or 1098. Foundation of the Priory of Coldingham as a cell of Durham by Edgar King of the Scotsa. Carta Edgari de Suinton in dotem Ecclesie de Coldingham. EADGAR REX SCOTTORUM, omnibus per regnum suum Scottis et Anglis, salutem. Sciatis me ad dedicationem uenisse ecclesie Sancte Marie apud Coldingaham, que quidem dedicatio ad Dei laudem et ad meum placitum grata omnibus et accepta honorabiliter est adimpleta. Et ego eidem ecclesie super altare obtuli in dotem et donaui uillam [KING MAGNUS OF NORWAY CONQUERS HY.] totam Swintun cum diuisis, sicut Liulf habuit; liberam et quietam inperpetuum habendam ab omni calumpnia, et ad uoluntatem monachorum Sancti Cuthberti disponendam; pro animabus patris et matris mee, et pro salute anime mee, et fratrum et sororum mearum. Donaui etiam monachis XXIIII. animalia ad restaurandam illam eandem terram. Et constitui eandem pacem in Coldingaham eundo et redeundo et ibidem manendo, que seruatur in Eiland et in Northāb. Insuper etiam statui hominibus in Coldingamscire, sicut ipsi elegerunt et in manu mea firmauerunt, ut unoquoque anno de unaquaque carruca dimidiam marcam argenti monachis persoluant. Testibus Elfw', Oter, et Thor Longus, et Ælfric pincerna, et Algaro presbitero, et Osberno presbitero, et Cnute Carl S., et Ogga, et Lesing, et Swein UlfkiH S., et Ligulf de Bebbanburce, et Uhtred Eilaues sune, et Uuiæt hwite, et Tigerne. [Raine's North Durham, Append. p. 2.] The Saxon nunnery that previously existed at Coldingham (Bæd. H. E., IV. 19, 25) had been destroyed by the Danes, and, like the Saxon Melrose, had ceased to exist. Other grants of King Edgar to Durham are given by Raine (ib.). Among the rest are the wellknown two, which speak of the kingdom of Scotland, as well as of Lothian, as held of William of England by Edgar. The later in date of the two is commonly affirmed to be a forgery. And Raine's arguments for the earlier fail to establish any distinction in its favour, as compared with the other. The important words are " Edgarus filius Malcolmi Regis Scottorum totam terram de Lodoneio et regnum Scotie dono domini mei Willelmi Anglo rum Regis et paterna bereditate possidens, consilio prædicti domini Regis W. et fidelium meorum," in the first of the two: and in the second, "Edgarus Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, &c., Sciatis nos ex licentia Willelmi Regis Anglie superioris domini regni Scotia." See also Anderson's Diplomata Scotia. The Pref. to the National MSS. of Scotland, Part I. pp. xiii-xx., holds the former of the two to be genuine, but simply to admit that Edgar holds Lothian of the English crown; which certainly is not the true extent of the words as they stand. b Islandshire and Northumbria; see Raine's North Durbam. A.D. 1097. SNORRO, in an.-Magnus Rex Norvegia a classem suam appulit ad insulam sanctam; ubi omnibus hominibus necnon omnium incolarum bonis pacem concessit et securitatem. Perhibent eum templum Columbæ minus aperuisse, ingressumque non esse Regem; sed obserata mox janua, edixisse ne quis adeo esset audax, ut in ædem istam sacram introiret: cui mandato postea obtemperatum fuit. [ap. Johnstone, Antiq. Celto-Scand. p. 252.] a Hy would henceforth have been claimed as belonging to the see of Man and the Isles. While the Irish Columbite body would also still regard it as properly belonging to them. It ceased to be Norwegian, and became part of the dominion of Somerled, A.D. 1156 (Chron. Mann.). And in A.D. 1164 (see below under that year) Irish Church people are found again in connection with it. For upwards of half a century from A.D. 1097, with the exception of the obit of an abbat A.D. 1099, it is not mentioned in the Irish Annals (Reeves, Adamn., Add. Notes, p. 410). [POPE PASCHAL II. DECLARES SCOTLAND SUBJECT TO THE SEE OF YORK.] A.D. 1101. Pope Paschal II. to the Bishops of Scotland, Suffragans of York. PASCHALIS EPISCOPUS SERVUS SERVORUM DEI, venerabilibus fratribus Eborac. Metropolis suffraganeis per Scotiam, salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem. Noscat dilectio vestra venerabilem fratrem nostrum Gerarduma Herefordensem quondam Episcopum in Eborac. metropolim per omnipotentis Dei gratiam nos promovisse; cui ex Apostolice sedis liberalitate palleum privilegiumque concessimus. Unde mandamus precipientes, ut ei deinceps tanquam vestro Archiepiscopo debitam obedientiam exhibeatis. [Reg. Alb. Ebor., P. I. fol. 50; and in Dugd., VI., P. III. p. 1187, no. liv.] Translated to the see of York on the Epiphany, A.D. 1101. There had been no Bishop at S. Andrew's since A.D. 1093, when Fothadh II. died. Nor was there any diocesan Bishop at all in Scotland in A.D. 1101 (unless possibly in Dunkeld and Moray), although there may perhaps have been one in Glasgow. But both Eadmer (see below, p. 171) and the A.D. 1101 × 1108 (prob. 1101). Roger Bishop of the Orkneys consecrated at Torka. STUBBS, Actt. Pontiff. Ebor.-Ipse [Gerardus Arch. Ebor.] etiam Rogerum Rodolfi successorem Orcadensium ordinavit Episcopum, accepta ab eo prius professione, quæ sic incipit, Ego Rogerus Orchadensis Ecclesiæ sanctæ nunc ordinandus Episcopus, &c. [Twysd. 1710.] a "Fuit Vilhelmus primus Orcadum Episcopus annos sexaginta sex" (Vita S. Magni). And this William died A.D. 1168 (Ann. Isl.). With him, and therefore (if these dates can be trusted) A.D. 1102, begins a line of Northman diocesan Bishops of Orkney, apparently continuous (v. Torfæus, Hist. Orchad.), and lasting into the 15th century, and indeed as long as the Orkneys continued to belong to Norway. The contemporary York Bishops, so long as they were continued, viz. the above-named Roger and the second Ralph (A.D. 1109 × 1114 to after 1144), were obviously not asked for, and not received, by the Earls and people of the Orkneys. Roger went there (see Anselm's letter to Haco, above given): Ralph II. apparently did not even do that. A.D. 1102 (?). Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury to Haco Earl of the Aid, and be Orkneysa. ANSELMUS GRATIA DEI ARCHIEPISCOPUS CANTUARIsubject to, the ENSIS, Haconi Comiti Orcadensium, salutem et benedicBishop that has tionem Dei. Audio quia propter indigentiam doctorum, been minus quam expedit, populus qui sub vestra potestate est, cognoscat et colat Christianam religionem. Sed gaudeo quia, you. sent to [RIVAL BISHOPS OF THE ORKNEYS.] referente Episcopo quem nunc per gratiam Dei habetis, didici quia prudentia vestra libenter suscipit verbum Dei, et consilium quod pertinet ad salutem. Hac igitur fiducia mitto strenuitati vestræ litteras monitionis meæ, quatenus se studiose committat prædicationi et doctrinæ ejusdem Episcopi; et quantum in vobis est studeatis ut populus vester hoc ipsum faciat. Nihil enim facere potestis unde magis remissionem peccatorum et vitæ æternæ gloriam adipisci valeatis, quam si populum vestrum ad cultum Christianæ religionis, monendo, et quibuscunque modis potestis, vobiscum attrahatis. Quod efficaciter, Deo dante, implere poteritis, si, quemadmodum supra dixi vobis, vos devota et sancta humilitate et pura voluntate Episcopo vestro subditis. Si vos consilio nostro et exhortationi, Deo inspirante, acquiescere volueritis, oro Deum omnipotentem, ut ipsa vos et totum populum vestrum Sua gratia dirigat et protegat, et Suam benedictionem et absolutionem et orationes humilitatis meæ ex corde vobis mando. Omnipotens Deus sic vos faciat vivere in hoc sæculo, ut in futuro jungamini beato angelorum consortio. Amen. [Epist. IV. 92: also, from MS. Cott. Claud. A. XI. 1576, in Stevenson's notes to the Scala Chronica, pp. 234, 235.] a The Bishop on whose behalf this letter was sent, was almost certainly Roger, consecrated between A.D. 1101 and A.D. 1108. And as Anselm was in exile A.D. 1103-1106, and the letter was written shortly after Roger's consecration although after the receipt of letters from him from the Orkneys, the time before the exile seems a slightly more likely date for it than the time after. Haco died A.D. 1110 according to Johnstone's dates, Antiq. CeltoScand. A Bishop of the Orkneys in connection with York is mentioned by Eadmer (as quoted on p. 171) in reference to A.D. 1108 or 1109, but without naming him. A.D. 1104. SIM. DUN., Hist. Contin. in an." Corpus Sancti Cuthberti Episcopi, ob quorundam incredulitatem abbatum, pontificante Rannulfo Episcopo, ostensum est; et a Radulfo Sagiensi abbate, postmodum Hrofensi Episcopo" et deinde Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo, "et a fratribus Dunelmensis Ecclesiæ, certo indicio incorruptum inventum est," et ita flexilibus artubus, ut magis dormienti quam mortuo similis videretur, "præsente Alexandro Comite, postea Scottorum Rege," et multis aliis, post annos depositionis suæ CCCC. et XVIIJ., et V. menses, et XIJ. dies, qui est annus quintus Henrici Regis, et Episcopatus Ranulfi sextus. [ed. Hinde, pp. 105, 106.] The words marked as quotations are from Flor. Wig. Hoveden also (1. 162) repeats them from Sim. Dun., and a little more fully; in that he adds, before "certo indicio," the words "cum capite Sancti Oswaldi Regis et Martyris, Sanctique Bedæ, multorumque sanctorum reliquiis.' [ARCHBISHOP ANSELM TO ALEXANDER KING OF THE SCOTS.] A D. 1107. CHRON. OF PICTS AND SCOTS.-Edgar Dunedina et sepultus in Dumferline. This and Queen Margaret's death in Edinburgh Castle A.D. 1093, seem the earliest [Skene, 175.] ... • mortuus in mention of Dunedin in connection with Scottish royalty. A.D. 1107. Alexander King of the Scots to Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury: [asking his prayers for his brother Edgar: v. Anselm's letter printed below.] Edgar, Alexander's brother and predecessor, died January 8, A.D. 1107 (Sim. Dun., Twysd. 230). A.D. 1107. Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury to Alexander King of the Scots. Congratulates Alexandro gratia Dei Scotorum Regi, ANSELMUS SERVUS him on his ECCLESIÆ CANTUARIENSIS, salutem, et fideles orationes, et accession. benedictionem Dei, et suam, quantum valet. Gratias agimus Deo, et gaudemus ego et tota congregatio Ecclesiæ Christi Cantuariensis, quia Deus vos in regnum paternum hæreditario jure post fratrem vestrum sublimavit, et quia vos moribus dignis regno decoravit. Pro fratre vestro, qui sancte vivendo meruit ut de hac vita bono fine misericordia Dei transiret, sicut pro dilecto dilectore nostro, secundum petitionem vestram, oramus et orabimus ut Deus animæ illius gloriæ Suæ cum electis Suis gaudium æternum tribuat, et æternam beatitudinem concedat. Scio quia celsitudo vestra meum amat et desiderat consilium. In primis igitur oro Deum ut Ipse vos Sancti Sui Spiritus gratia sic dirigat, et in omnibus actibus vestris consilium attribuat, ut ad regnum cœleste post hanc vitam vos perducat. Nostrum autem consilium est ut timorem Dei et bonos ac religiosos mores, quos in adolescentia et ab infantia cœpistis habere, Ipso adjuvante a Quo accepistis, studeatis tenere. Tunc enim bene Reges regnant cum secundum voluntatem Dei vivunt, et serviunt Ei in timore; et cum super seipsos regnant, nec se vitiis subjiciunt, sed illorum importunitatem constanti fortitudine superant. Non enim repugnant in Rege virtutum constantia et fortitudo regia. Quidam enim Reges, sicut David, et sancte vixerunt, et populum sibi commissum cum rigore justitiæ et pietatis mansuetudine, secundum quod res exigit, rexerunt. Sic vos exhibere ut mali vos timeant et boni vos diligant, et ut vita vestra semper Deo placeat, semper mens vestra vindictam malorum et præmium bonorum post hanc vitam memoria retineat. Omnipotens Deus vos et omnes actiones vestras |