Protect

the

Anselm has sent

to Scotland at

[CONSECRATION OF TURGOT TO S. ANDREW's.]

nulli alii quam Suæ piæ dispositioni committat. De brethren, whom fratribus nostris quos in Scotiam secundum voluntatem fratris vestri, qui de labore hujus vitæ, sicut credimus, ad King Edgar's requiem transivit, misimus, benignitatem vestram rogare necesse non putavimus, quia bonam voluntatem vestram non ignoramus. [Epist. III. 132.]

request.

A.D. 1107 x 1124. Foundation and endowment of a parish church in the parish of Edenham (near Kelso in Roxburghshire) by Thor the Long and King Edgar.

Domino meo karissimo Davidi Comiti, THOR OMNINO SUUS, salutem. Sciatis, domine mi, quod Eadgarus Rex frater uester dedit mihi Ednaham desertam, quam ego suo auxilio et mea pecunia inhabitaui, et ecclesiam a fundamentis fabricaui, quam frater uester Rex in honorem Sancti Cuthberti fecit dedicari, et una carucata terre eam dotauit. Hanc eandem ecclesiam, pro anima ejusdem domini mei Regis Eadgari, et patris et matris uestre, et pro salute uestra, et Regis Alexandri, et Mathildis Regine, Sancto predicto et Monachis eius dedi. Vnde uos precor, sicut dominum meum karissimum, ut pro animabus parentum uestrorum, et pro salute uiuorum, hanc donationem Sancto Cuthberto et Monachis sibi in perpetuo seruituris, concedatis. [National MSS. of Scotland, Part I. No. XIV. p. 11.]

A.D. 1107, June 20, Turgot Prior of Durham elected, and A.D. 1109, Aug. 1, consecrated, to the see of S. Andrew's by Thomas II. Archbishop of York, with reservation of the rights of both sees in respect to the question of the primacy of York over Scotland.

1. FLOR. WIG., in an.—Ipso eodem die (sc. in kalendis Augusti, die Dominica) Turgodum, Dunholmensem Priorem, ad Episcopatum Sancti Andreæ de Scottia, qui dicitur Cenrimunt, consecravit. [II. 6o.]

II. SIM. DUN., Hist. Reg. Angl. in an. 1074.-Anno Episcopatus Ranulfi [of Durham, A.D. 1099] VIII., impetrante Alexandro Rege Scottorum, ab Henrico Rege Anglorum assumitur [Turgotus] ad Episcopatum Ecclesia Sancti Andreæ in Scotia: in qua est sedes primatis totius gentis Scottorum. Sed per annum et eo amplius dilata est ejus ordinatio propter dissensiones Eboracensis Ecclesiæ atque Ecclesiæ Sancti Andreæ Scotia. Illa namque ordinationem et subjectionem primatis Scottorum sibi ex quodam quasi jure exigit, ista

[CONSECRATION OF TURGOT TO S. ANDREW'S.]

vero e diverso affirmat ex nullo antiquitatis vel consuetudinis jure aliquid se debere. Sed ne diutius pastore [viduata] vacillaret Ecclesia, rogatus a Rege Scottorum Rex Henricus præcepit, ut Eboracensis Archiepiscopus Thomas junior hunc sine ulla subjectionis exactione consecraret, salva utriusque Ecclesiæ auctoritatea, ut postea, ubi et quando et a quibus ratio exigeretur, debitus finis controversiam utriusque partis dirimeret. Veniens ergo sic consecratus Scotiam, &c. [ed. Hinde, I. 96.]

ID., ib. in an. 1107.-Turgotus, Dunelmensis Ecclesiæ Prior, ad Episcopatum Scottorum eligitur. [16. 106.]

ID., ib. in an. 1109.-Ipso eodem die [scil. 3 kal. Aug. die Dominica®] Turgotum Dunelmensem Priorem ad Episcopatum Sancti Andreæ de Scotia qui dicitur Cenrimunt [Thomas Eboracensis Archiepiscopus] consecravit. [Ib., Twysd. 232.]

a Stubbs, the York chronicler of the 14th century, alleges that Turgot professed subjection to York, and this without mention of any reservation. His statement also is verbatim that of the Digby MS. 140, which could not have been composed much later than the time of Simeon himself. But it is the statement in both cases of a partizan of York, and can scarcely outweigh the more probable assertion of Simeon in the text.

b Simeon (Twysd. 207, 237) reckons Turgot's episcopate as lasting precisely 8 years 2 months and 10 days, and dates his death, twice over, in A.D. 1115. Consequently he must have been elected as early as at least the

middle of A.D. 1107; which agrees with the
year given by Simeon in the text.
And King
Alexander, writing to Ralph of Canterbury,
dates his death Aug. 31: which, if assumed to
be (as it clearly was) in A.D. 1115, gives
June 20, A.D. 1107, for the precise day of his
election.

Aug. 1, A.D. 1109, was a Sunday: July 30 was not. The number "iii" is more likely to be miswritten than the day of the week. And probably the words " in kalendis" in Flor. Wig., have been changed by copyists or by a misprint into "iii kal." in Simeon. It stands "in kalendis" in Hoveden also (I. 167), and in the Chron. de Mailros.

III. EADMER, Hist. Nov. IV.—Inter hæc [A.D. 1108] electus est ab Alexandro Rege Scotia et clero et populo monachus quidam Dunelmensis, nomine Turgodus, ad Episcopatum Sancti Andreæ de Scotia. Cujus consecratio dum ultra quam expediret demoraretur, tum propterea quia Thomas Eboracensis Ecclesiæ antistes electus necdum fuerat consecratus, tum propter quædam alia quæ longum est enarrare, Ranulfus Dunelmensis Episcopus proposuit eundem electum in præsentia ipsius Thomæ apud Eboracam consecrare, associatis sibi Episcopis Scotiæ et Orcadarum insularum. Verum quia id præter consensum et auctoritatem Cantuariensis Episcopi rite fieri non posse sciebat, mandavit ei de negotio per militem quendam, et ut ejus consilio et concessione sacraretur, deprecatus est. scripsit ei epistolam hanc:

Ad quæ

ANSELMUS ARCHIEPISCOPUS CANTUARIE Ranulfo Episcopo Dunelmensi salutem. Mandastis mihi per quendam militem, Scollandum nomine,

[CONSECRATION OF TURGOT TO S. ANDREW's.]

quod volebatis ut electus Episcopus Ecclesiæ Sancti Andreæ de Scotia sacraretur, et hoc volebatis fieri meo consilio et mea concessione. Sed hoc nec debet nec potest canonice fieri ab eodem electo Archiepiscopo, nec ab alio per illum, priusquam ipse fiat Archiepiscopus canonica consecratione. Quapropter nec consulo nec concedo, immo interdico, ne fiat ante consecrationem ejusdem electi Archiepiscopi, nisi a me, si forte hoc necessitas exegerit. Vale.

Post hæc Anselmus, considerans Thomam Episcopalem suam benedictionem non ita expetere sicut debebat, scriptam hanc epistolam ei direxit:

ANSELMUS ARCHIEPISCOPUS CANTUARIENSIS amico suo Thoma, electo Archiepiscopo Ecclesia Eboracensi, salutem. * *** Præterea audivi quod vos priusquam consecremini facere vultis ut electus Episcopus Sancti Andreæ de Scotia apud Eboracam consecretur. Quod nec vos facere debetis, nec ego concedo, sed omnino interdico ne fiat, aut de illo aut de aliqua persona quæ in regimen animarum debet provehi ab Archiepiscopo Eboracensi, quia non pertinet ad vos dare vel concedere alicui regimen aut curam animarum, quia nondum accepistis. Valete.

Ad illam scripta est epistola hæc :

Dilectissimo patri et venerabili domino Anselmo, sancte Cantuariensis Ecclesia Archiepiscopo, THOMAS EBORACE METROPOLI ELECTUS, licet indignus, salutem et amicæ fidelitatis obsequium.

* * * * * De electo Episcopo Sancti Andreæ de Scotia, quod audistis, rumores sunt quibus credere non oportet. Facile est ergo interdici, quod ut fieret non a me excogitatum est. * * * * [ed. Selden, pp. 97, 98.]

IV. STUBBS, Actt. Pontif. Ebor.- Accepto igitur pallio Archiepiscopus [Thomas II.] missam celebravit, et Turgotum, qui fuerat Prior Dunelmensis Ecclesiæ, Episcopum Sancti Andreæ de Scotia præsenti Cardinalia consecravit. Qui ei professionem fecit et scriptam tradidit, quæ sic incipit, Ego Turgotus Scotorum Episcopus, &c. [Twysd. 1713. And also the Bodl. MS. Digby 140.]

a Cardinal Ulric, sent by the Pope with the pall for Archbishop Thomas.

A.D. 1109. ANN. ULT., in an.-Oengus hua Donnallan, prim Anmchara samhtha Coluimcille [Oengus o'Donnallan, chief confessor of the community of Columcille.]

APPENDIX A.

CHIEF BISHOPS OF ALBAN OR OF THE SCOTS", (before) A.D. 896–1109.

[A.D. 849-(before) 896, Primacy probably in the Bishop-Abbats of Dunkeld: see above, p. 143.]

1. CELLACH, (before) A.D. 896-(before) A.D. 942: Bishop in the time of King Cyric (Fordun, IV. 17), who died A.D. 896; "the Bishop," as Constantine was "the King," viz. of the Scots, at the Council of Scone A.D. 906 (Chron. Pict., Skene, 8); called "Bishop of Kilreymonth," i. e. S. Andrew's, by Fordun (as above), who wrongly puts Fothadh before instead of after him ("primus ut reperi," speaking of Fothadh; but the Pictish Chronicle making Cellach Bishop in A.D. 906, and the Ann. IV. Mag. dating Fothadh's death A.D. 962, prove Wintoun right in reversing the order).

2. FOTHADH I., (before) A.D. 942-962: "son of Bran, scribe and Bishop of the islands of Alba” (Ann. IV. Mag., in an. 961); received the isle of Lochleven by a "precarian" grant from the Keledei there, A.D. 942 (see above, p. 147); expelled eight years before his death by King Indulf, therefore A.D. 954; died A.D. 962 (Ann. IV. Mag.). The silver case for the Gospels preserved at S. Andrew's was inscribed with a Latin couplet with his name as "Scottis summus Episcopus" (Legend. S. Andr. in Skene, 190, Fordun, &c.).

3. MAELBRIGID I. (Chron. Pict.), MALISIUS I. (Fordun, Wintoun), A.D. 962-970; a disciple of S. Duthac, according to Fordun (Suppl. VI. 24), who foretold that he would be "Episcopus Scottorum;" Bishop eight years (Fordun, ib.); "Maelbrigid Episcopus pausavit, Cellach filius Ferdalaig regnavit," in the reign of King Culen (killed A.D. 970), (Chron. Pict., Skene, 10).

4. CELLACH II., A.D. 970-995; "filius Ferdlager, qui fuit primus qui adivit Romam pro confirmatione, et post confirmationem vixit XXV. annis" (Fordun, Suppl. VI. 24).

5. MAELMOR Or MALMORE.

6. MALISIUS II., probably MAELBRIGID II.

[CHIEF BISHOPS Of alban, a.d. 896-1109.]

A.D. 995-1025; the latter date being determined by the joint duration of the next two episcopates (of Alwyn and Malduin), viz. 30 years, together with the known date of Malduin's death, viz. A.D. 1055. Wintoun places Malisius II. before Maelmor. There is no evidence to determine which order is the correct one. 7. ALWYN, A.D. 1025-1028, Bishop three years (Fordun, Wintoun). 8. MALDUIN, A.D. 1028-1055: "son of Gilla-Odran, Bishop of Alban (Epscob Albain), giver of orders to the clergy" (Ann. Tigh., in an. 1055); Bishop 27 years (Wintoun); gave Markinch to the Keledei of Lochleven (Reg. Prior. S. Andr. 116); died A.D. 1055 (Ann. Tigh., in an.).

9. TUATHAL, TUTHALD (in Fordun), A.D. 1055-1059; Bishop four years (Fordun): gave Scoonie to the Keledei of Lochleven (Reg. Prior S. Andr. 116).

10. FOTHADH II. (miscalled Foderoch, by Stubbs, Actt. Pontiff. Ebor., and Modach, in Reg. Prior. S. Andr. 117), A.D. 1059-1093: "Ardepscob Albain" (Ann. Ult., in an. 1093); "filius Malmykel" (Reg. Prior. S. Andr. 117); gave Auchterderran to the Keledei of Lochleven (ib.); alleged by Stubbs (as above) to have professed subjection and acted as suffragan, A.D. 1072 × 1093, to Thomas I. Archbishop of York; died A.D. 1093 (Ann. Ul!., in an.). The last Celtic Primate.

[Interregnum, A.D. 1093-1109: filled by Fordun (Suppl. VI. 24) with the names of Gregorius, Cathre, Edmar, and Godric, who all "obierunt electi." Wintoun omits them. And the first and third look like a confusion with Gregory, who witnessed the Scone charter of A.D. 1115, and who was probably Bishop of Moray, and with Eadmer, respectively. Pope Paschal's letter of A.D. 1101 (see above) names no one.]

II. TURGOT, a Saxon by birth, and Prior of Durham, elected June 20, A.D. 1107, consecrated Aug. 1, A.D. 1109, at York, with reservation of the rights of either see, as "Bishop of S. Andrew's" (the delay being mainly due to disputes between the Archbishops of Canterbury and York), died A.D. 1115. See above, pp. 170-172.

For their proper title, see above, p. 148, note *.