[FOUNDATION OF SEE OF ABERDEEN.]

nuncios suos per provinciam de Fyf et Fothrithi, et convocavit hominum multitudinem in unum locum, scilicet Constantinum Comitem de Fyf, virum discretum et facundum, cum satrapys et satellitibus et exercitu de Fyf, et Macbeath thaynetum de Falleland, et primicerios et duces et lūnarcas exercitus Episcopi, et Soen ducem ...... cum familia sua. Et tunc temporis fuerunt duces exercitus Episcopi Budadh et Slogadadhe. Et hii omnes sunt testes hujus altercacionis et dissensionis. Tantem fuit compromissum in tres viros legales et idoneos, scilicet Constantinum Comitem de Fyf magnum judicem in Scocia, et Dufgal filium Mocche qui fuit senex justus et venerabilis, et Meldoinneth filium Machedath judicem bonum et discretum. Set iste Dufgal primo pronunciavit sentenciam pro monachis, id est, Keledeis, et contra protervitatem et calumpniam Roberti Burgonensis; quia alii judices detulerunt Dufgal propter sui senectutem et juris periciam. Et ita fuit decisum istud negocium sentencionaliter et per juramentum. Isti sunt clerici qui juraverunt super finibus ville de Kyrkenes, Duftah sacerdos et abbas, et Sarran filius Sodelne, et Eugenius monachus, et Douinalde nepos Leod, et Morrehat vir venerande senectutis et Hiberniensis, et Cathan senex. Et sic victus fuit predictus R. coram omnibus. [pp. 117, 118.]

a Robert Burguin occurs in early charters of King David. Lochore, which is in Ballingry parish, S.W. of Kirkness, is supposed to have been Robert's property. Reeves, Culdees, P. 129.

b Fife and Kinross, the old deaneries of which were those of Fyf and Fothri (Reg. Prior. S. Andr., pp. 32, 33, quoted by Reeves). e Thane Toisech or Toiseach, of Falkland.

=

d Lunarcas (conjecturally) liminarcas: for which see Du Cange (Reeves).

e The Bishop, of whose army these two were the captains, must have been Robert, elected A.D. 1124, although not consecrated until A.D. 1128. Constantine Earl of Fife died between A.D. 1124 and A.D. 1139; according to Sibbald (Hist. of Fife, p. 95), in A.D. 1129; and was succeeded by Duncan.

A.D. 1125(?). Foundation of the See of Aberdeen by David
King of the Scots".

REG. ABERDON.—Quedam de Pontificum Successione, etc.—Malcolmus Kennedi Scotorum Rex Murthtlakense templum constituit cathedrale, ac reuerendum patrem Beanum pontificem primum in eodem preficere iussit anno a Christo nato quinto super milesimum. Quo defuncto, in eius locum Deuortius pontifex creatus est. Cui Cormachus. Cui Nectanus, qui per illustrissimum principem Dauidem, Scotorum Regem et Macolmo Canmoir et Margarita eius sanctissima coniuge

[LEGATINE COUNCIL OF ROXBURGH.]

genitum, ad Aberdoniam seu uetus oppidum eiusdem translatus est anno salutiferi partus quinto et uigesimo supra centesimum et milesimum. [II. 246, 247.]

a This extract is from a memorandum of at earliest the 15th century, and is scarcely trustworthy for particulars. Correct however A.D. 1005 into A.D. 1063 (see above under the latter year), and four Episcopates at Mort

lach between A.D. 1063 and A.D. 1125 become probable enough. Nor can there be reasonable doubt of the general truth of the statement itself. See also below under A.D. 1131 (p. 218), and A.D. 1136, and A.D. 1157.

A.D. 1125. Legatine Council at Roxburgh under Cardinal John of Crema.

SIM. DUN., ad an. 1125.-Super Scotia quoque regnum idem Johannes legati suscepit officium, Apostolico super hoc Regi ipsius gentis has literas mittente-[Twysden, 252.]

(A.D. 1125, April 13. Lateran. Pope Honorius II. to David
King of the Scots.)

our legate, com

York and the

Receive Car- HONORIUS EPISCOPUS SERVUS SERVORUM DEI, dilecto filio dinal John as David illustri Scotorum Regi, salutem et Apostolicam benemissioned to in- dictionem. Oportet devotos et humiles beati Petri disquire into the dispute between cipulos, quæ ad honorem sanctæ Romanæ Ecclesiæ specThurstin Abp. of tare cognoverint, attentius operari. Unde nobilitati Scottish Bishops. tuæ rogando mandamus, ut dilectum filium nostrum Cause your Bi- Johannem Cardinalem, cui vices nostras in partibus illis shops to attend his council. commisimus, reverenter suscipias et honores. Episcopos etiam terræ tuæ, cum ab eo vocati fuerint, ad concilium suum facies convenire. Controversiam quæ inter Thurstanum Eboracensem Archiepiscopum et Episcopos terræ tuæ diu agitata est, eidem legato

diligentius indagandam discutiendamque committimus. Finalem vero sententiam Apostolicæ sedis judicio reservamus. Dat. Laterani Idibus Aprilis.

*** Hac auctoritate Johannes prædictus, circuiens Angliam, etiam ad Regem Scotorum David pervenit apud fluvium Twedam qui Northymbriam et Loidam disterminat, in loco qui Rocesburh nominatur; ubi officio legationis peracto, rediens ad Lundoniam, &c. [Twysd. as above; W., I. 407: so also briefly the Chron. de Mailros.]

[CAUSE OF YORK AGAINST SCOTTISH BISHOPS AT THE COURT OF ROME.]

A.D. 1125, Dec. 9. Lateran. Pope Honorius II. to S[igurd]
King of Norwaya.

Restore Ralph,

HONORIUS EPISCOPUS SERVUS SERVORUM DEI, dilecto in consecrated Bi- Christo filio S[igurdo] illustri Norwegiæ Regi, salutem et

shop of Orkney

bishop of York,

by the Arch- Apostolicam benedictionem. Auribus nostris intimatum to his see, and est, quod venerabilis frater noster Thomas Ebor. Archieject the in- episcopus Radulphum Orcheneia Episcopum consecravit. truded Bishop. Postmodum vero, sicut accepimus, alius est ibidem intrusus. Cæterum Episcopalem cathedram aut unus optinebit aut nullus. Ideoque per præsentia scripta nobilitati tuæ mandamus, quatinus prænominato Radulpho sedem Episcopalem, Orcheneiam videlicet, cum parochia et cæteris pertinentiis suis, tanquam proprio illius loci Episcopo et pastore, restituas; et de cætero sollicitudo custodiat, ne ob hoc Dei iram incurrat. Datum Laterani Vo. idus Decembris. [Reg. Ebor., P. I. fol. 49, and in Dugd., Mon. VI. iii. p. 1186, no. xliv.]

a William, a Northman Bishop, became Bishop of the Orkneys A.D. 1102, if the date is trustworthy, and died A.D. 1168. He was succeeded by a second William, also a Northman, who died A.D. 1188. See above, pp. 167, 190. Sigurd, Eistein, and Olaf, three sons of Magnus Barefoot, appear by Johnstone's list (Antiq. Celto-Scand.) to have succeeded their father on the throne of Norway A.D. 1103-1126. Honorius became

Pope Dec. 21, A.D. 1124.—“ Radulphus, quoniam nec principis terræ nec cleri nec plebis electione vel assensu fuerat ordinatus, ab omnibus refutatus, et in loco pontificis a nemine susceptus est. Hic, quia nullius Episcopus urbis erat, modo Eboracensi modo Dunhelmensi adhærens, ab eis sustentabatur, et vicarius utriusque in Episcopalibus ministeriis habebatur" (Contin. Flor. Wig. II. 89).

A.D. 1125, Christmas. Thurstin Archbishop of York prosecutes his claim over the Scottish Bishops at the Papal Court". [See the quotation from Stubbs, above on p. 23.]

a The assertion of the York Chronicler, that the Church of S. Andrew was even at that period seeking to be made a metropolitan see,, and to obtain a pall,- -a measure unpalatable to the other Scottish Bishops themselves, staved off for two centuries and a half by the device of a Conservator Bishop in A.D. 1225, and not finally accomplished until A.D. 1472, -is proved to be correct by the Leg. S. Andr., assigned to A.D. 1165 (in Ussher, Antiq. Brit. Eccl. Op. VI. 189, and Skene, 140), affirming

that King Hungus founded S. Andrew's, "ut sit caput et mater omnium Ecclesiarum que sunt in regno Pictorum (Scottorum, Ussher)." And more precisely still in the longer form of the document in Ussher-"Ex hac itaque civitate Archiepiscopatus esse debet totius Scotiæ, ubi Apostolica sedes est; nec absque consilio seniorum istius loci ullus Episcopus in Scotia debet ordinari: hæc est Roma secunda a prima : &c.”— the document being plainly written at S. Andrew's itself.

[CHARTER OF ROBERT OF S. ANDREW'S TO COLDINGHAM.]

A.D. 1126, Christmas. Thurstin's cause again renewed, and deferred,

at Rome.

STUBBS, Actt. Pontiff. Ebor.-Adveniente natali Domini Thurstinus Archiepiscopus venit ad curiam Regis, inde ad diem inter ipsum et Johannem statutum Romam profecturus; sed ibi in tanta solempnitate propter Cantuariensem Archiepiscopum nec crucem sibi præferre nec ad Regem coronandum manum mittere permissus est. Unde in crastinum natalis Domini recedens a Windesour Lundonium venit, ibi Regem expectans et ad iter se præparans. Quo quinto die Rex cum Rege Scotorum adveniens, quadam concordiæ provisione inter ipsum Archiepiscopum et Episcopos Scotia, consensu quoque Regis David, persuasit ei quatinus iter suum ad præsens differens ipse legatos Romam mitteret, petentes ex parte Regis et sua super hac causa dare sibi inducias usque ad alteram quadragesimam, et interim inter eos concordandi licentiam. Quibus ita concessis Archiepiscopus Romam misit et has inducias impetravit. [Twysd. 1719, 1720. See also above, p. 26.]

A.D. 1127, July 17. Roxburgh. Charter of Robert Bishop of S. Andrew's (elect), granting freedom from aids, cain, or convetha, payable to the Bishops of S. Andrew's, to the Priory of Coldingham, then a cell of Durham.

Omnibus sancte matris Ecclesie fidelibus clericis et laicis tam presentibus quam futuris, RODBERTUS DEI GRATIA SANCTI ANDREE EPISCOPUS, salutem. Notum sit uobis omnibus, quod nos coram domino nostro Rege Dauid et Turstino Archiepiscopo Eboracensi et Rannulfo Dunelmensi Episcopo, Johanne Episcopo Glascuensi, et Gaufrido Abbate Sancti Albani, et aliis multis personis, conuocauimus Algarum Priorem Sancti Cvthberti de Dunelmo ante hostium ecclesie Sancti Johannis Ewangeliste in Rokesburc, ibique quantum ad Episcopalem auctoritatem pertinet, presentis carte attestatione et munimine clamauimus, concessimus, et confirmauimus, Ecclesiam de Coldingham liberam et quietam in perpetuum, tam a nobis quam a successoribus nostris, ab omni calumpnia, consuetudine, cana, uel cuneuethe, atque ab omni seruitio quod ad nos pertinet uel ad successores nostros. Quare uolumus et Episcopali auctoritate confirmamus, quatinus Ecclesia de Collingham et omnes ecclesie uel capelle que amodo canonice ad

[CONSECRATION OF ROBERT OF S. ANDREW'S AT YORK.]

Hec

Ecclesiam Sancti Cvthberti pertinuerint, libere et quiete sint in perpetuum ab omni Episcopali auxilio, cana, et coneuethe, ita ut liberiores et quietiores sint quam alique alie ecclesie abbatiarum que fuerint in Lothoneio. Et prohibemus, ne aliquis amodo Episcopus, Archidiaconus, uel Decanus, aliquam omnino ulterius consuetudinem uel auxilium ab eis exigat, nisi forte gratis dare uoluerint. omnia fecimus prece et consilio domini Regis Dauid, et predictorum Episcoporum fratrum nostrorum, pro amore Sancti Cvthberti et fraternitate Dunelmensium monachorum, XVI. kalendas Augusti in festo Sancti Kenelmi martyris, anno ab Incarnatione Domini McCOXX VIJO: Testibus presentibus, Rodberto fratre meo, Blahano presbitero de Litun, Aldulfo presbitero de Aldehāstoc, Henrico presbitero de Leinhale, Orm presbitero de Edenham, et Johanne presbitero de Ledgardeswde, Godwino dapifero, Godwino camerario meo, et Balsan, cum multis aliis personis religiosis tam clericorum quam laicorum. [Raine's North Durham, Append. p. 81; Nation. MSS. of Scotland, P. I. no. 27.]

a Convetb, seems to be synonymous with the right of refection, or the Irish coigny; i. e. the right of being hospitably entertained at

the cost of his dependents, enjoyed by the lord when he pleased to visit them. See Stuart, Pref. to Book of Deer, p. lxxxviii. note.

A.D. 1128. York. Consecration of Robert Bishop of S. Andrew's by Thurstin Archbishop of York, but with rights on both sides reserved.

I. CONTIN. FLOR. WIG., ad an. 1128.-Thurstanus Eboracensis Archiepiscopus Rotbertum, quem Alexander Rex Scottiæ Ecclesiæ Sancti Andreæ intruserat, petente David fratre ac successore Alexandri, in Episcopum Eboraci consecravit; in quo officio Rannulfum Dunholmensem Episcopum et quendam Radulfum ad Orcadas insulas jam olim in Episcopum ordinatum sibi adjutores asciverat. . . . . Ab his itaque Rotbertus consecratus, nullam ut dicitur professionem de quavis subjectione vel obedientia Ecclesiæ Eboracensi aut ejus pontifici facere permissus a Scottis est, licet Eboracensis canonicus erat. [ed. Thorpe, II. 89.]