8

[SEES OF THE ORKNEYS, AND OF MAN AND THE ISLES, SUBJECT TO NORWAY.] nostrum Nicolaum Albanensem Episcopum exsecutioni mandavit. Qui ad partes illas accedens, sicut a suo patre familias acceperat in mandatis, talentum sibi creditum largitus est ad usuram, et tanquam fidelis servus et prudens multiplicatum inde fructum studuit reportare. Inter cætera vero quæ illic ad laudem nominis Dei et ministerii sui commendationem implevit, juxta quod prædictus antecessor noster ei præceperat, pallium fraternitati tuæ indulsit; et ne de cætero provinciæ Norvegiæ metropolitani possit cura deesse, commissam gubernationi tuæ urbem Thrudensem ejusdem provinciæ perpetuam metropolim ordinavit, et ei Asloensem, Hammarcopiensem, Bergenensem, Stawangriensem, insulas Orcades, insulas Suthraie, insulas Islandensium, et Grenelandiæ Episcopatus, tanquam suæ metropoli perpetuis temporibus constituit subjacere, et earum Episcopatus [sic] sicut metropolitanis suis tibi tuisque successoribus obedire. Ne igitur ad violationem constitutionis illius ulli unquam liceat aspirare, nos eam auctoritate Apostolica et præsenti privilegio communimus, statuentes ut Trudensis civitas perpetuis temporibus supradictarum urbium metropolis habeatur, et earum Episcopi tam tibi quam tuis successoribus sicut metropolitanis obediant et de manu vestra consecrationis gratiam sortiantur. *** Datum Lat. per manum Rolandi sanctæ Romanæ Ecclesiæ presbyteri Cardinalis et Cancellarii, . . . Decembris, indictione III., Incarnationis Dominicæ anno MCLIIII., Pontificatus vero domini Anastasii papæ IIII. anno II. [Norges Gamle Love, ed. Keyser and Munch, vol. I. pp. 439-441.]

Nicolas Breakspear, afterwards Pope Adrian IV., legate A.D. 1148, in which year he held the "Concilium Lincopiense."

II. LIB. CENSUUM ROM. ECCL. (15th cent.), under the title Norwegia. -In Archiepiscopatu Nidrosiensi-in Episcopatu Bergensi, &c.—in Episcopatu Horchadensi,-in Episcopatu Sudereiensi alias Manensis, -&c. [Munch, Notes to Chron. Mann. p. 150, from Vatican Archivesb.]

a To this is added, "Ecclesia Sancti Columbi de hinsula Hy .ii. bisancios annuatim" (Munch): a payment made in consequence of a Bull of Pope Innocent III. Dec. 9, A.D. 1203, taking into Papal protection the Abbat and (now) Benedictine community of Hy (Munch, Chron. Mann., App. pp. 152, 153). This memorandum also in the Lib. Cens. implies that Hy was at the time reckoned to the see of Man, according at least to Norwegian views of the case (see also Reeves, ad

66

Adamn., Add. Notes, p. 412); although Irish churchmen still claimed it (Id. ib.; and below, p. 235). According to Matt. Paris (in an. 1165), the Bishop of Man was Episcopus Insularum Man et aliarum XXXI., quæ sunt inter Scotiam et Hiberniam et Angliam :" held, as he adds, by the King of the Isles of the King of Norway.

b Composed by Cencius Camerarius A.D. 1192, but with subsequent additions (Munch).

[SEE OF DUNBLANE FOUNDED.]

III. PROVINCIALE OMNIUM MUNDI ECCLESIARUM PATRIARCHALIUM, METROPOLITANARUM, ET EPISCOPALIUM (C. A.D. 1400).—Sodorensis in Noruegia et prouincia Nidrosiensi,—[and further on,] Archiepiscopus Nidrosiensis hos habet suffraganeos ... Olorchadensem uel Orkadensem, Scorensem [leg. Sodorensem] uel Insulanum, prope Scociam est. [Munch, ib. p. 151, from the Vatican Archives.]

IV. CHRON. MANN.-Post hunc (Gamaliel) Ragnaldus Norwegiensis genere Mannensem Ecclesiam gubernandam suscepit. Huic primo tertiæ Ecclesiarum Manniæ a personis concessæ fuerunt, ut deinceps liberi et omni Episcopali exactione fore potuissent. [p. 29, ed. Munch.]

Before A.D. 1155. Bishopric of Dunblane founded a.

Laurentius of Dunblane is named in the Bull of Adrian IV. of Feb. 27, A.D. 1155 (given below). He also signs a charter of Malcolm IV. which is witnessed by Ernald Bishop of S. Andrew's Nov. A.D. 1160-Sept. A.D. 1162 (Reg. de Dumferml. p. 24). If David I. founded the see, it was before A.D. 1153. In A.D. 1238 Bishop Clement of Dunblane complains, that advantage had been taken of a vacancy in the church of upwards of 100 years, to alienate the Church property, and that several Bishops appointed since that long vacancy had failed to recover it (Reg. de Aberbrothok, p. 176, and Inchaf

fray, p. xxx.). But this rather tends against
than for the supposition that diocesan Bi-
shops had existed there before the 100 years,
which is obviously a round number, and pro-
bably much exaggerated.
Gilbert Earl of
Stratherne endowed the see before A.D. 1210
(Fordun, VIII. 73, vol. I. p. 529), and proba-
bly founded it. The ordinary title of the
Bishop at first was "Episcopus Stradernensis
(Reg. de Aberbrotbok, p. 155, &c.), the see
being probably conterminous with the earldom.
See also Grub, vol. i. p. 268, note.
Chapter was Keledean (see above, p. 177).

The

A.D. 1154 or 1155, 1156. Cistercian Nunneries of Eccles (co. Berwick), and Manuel (near Linlithgow), founded respectively by Earl Cospatrick and by Malcolm IV.a

a Hoved., I. 215; Chr. de Mailros, in an. 1156: and see Spottiswood, pp. 461, 462. The

same Earl about the same period founded also a like nunnery at Coldstream (Spottisw. p. 461).

A.D. 1155, Feb. 27. Rome. Pope Adrian IV. to all the Bishops of Scotland" in specie et nominatim a ”

Submit to Roger

metropolitan.

ADRIANUS EPISCOPUS SERVUS SERVORUM DEI, venerabiof York, your libus fratribus H[erberto] Glescuensi, Cristiano Witternensi, R[oberto] Sancti Andree, La[urentio] de Dubblan., G[regorio] Dunlcheldensi, T. b Brechinensi, G[alfrido] Apperdunensi, W[illelmo]

[CLAIM OF YORK STILL ENFORCED BY THE POPE.]

Mureuensi, S[imeoni] Sancti Petri in Ross, et A[ndree] Catenessensi Episcopis, salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem. Quociens in aliqua Ecclesia, Diuina clementia disponente, talis pastor statuitur, de cuius discretione atque prudentia bonam fiduciam optinemus; tanto maiori gaudio ex hoc ipso replemur, quanto de omnium Ecclesiarum profectu cogimur existere studiosi. Et ideo venerabilem fratrem nostrum Rogerum, Archiepiscopum Eborac. et metropolitanum vestrum, debita benignitate suscepimus; et pallium, pontificalis scilicet plenitudinem potestatis, ipsi concessimus; atque circa nos aliquantum diu commorantem, sicut illum quem sincero cordis affectu speciali prerogativa diligimus, honeste tractavimus; et eum inter fratres et coepiscopos nostros, sicut decuit, carum habuimus. Ipsum itaque ad Ecclesiam suam cum gratia sedis Apostolice et litterarum nostrarum prosecucione, ducente Domino, redeuntem, fraternitati vestre attentius commendamus; presentium auctoritate precipiendo mandantes, ut eum tanquam metropolitanum vestrum diligere et honorare curetis, et debitam ei obedientiam ac reuerentiam metropolitico iure, occasione seposita, deferatis. Quod si non feceritis, et ei nolueritis obedire, scire uos uolumus, quod nos sententiam, quam idem frater noster in aliquem vestrum propter hoc canonice promulgaverit, nos, auctore Deo, ratam habebimus. Dat. Rome, apud Sanctum Petrum, III. kal. Marcii. [MS. Cott. Cleop. C. IV. 19 b, sq.; and in W., I. 481.]

a The absence of this Bull from the York Registers is remarkable.

The initial letter here is wrong. Samson was Bishop of Brechin from before A.D. 1153 (see above, p. 216), and remained so until certainly after A.D. 1171 (he signs a charter with

Simon Bishop of Moray, consecrated in that year, Chron. de Mailr.). His successor Turpin, whose name probably misled the copyist, was elected A.D. 1178. The other Bishops are correctly named.

A.D. 1157, Aug. 10. Signia. Bull of Adrian IV. to Edward Bishop of Aberdeen, confirming the rights and possessions of the See of Aberdeen and authorizing the appointment of Canons there.

REG. ABERD.-ADRIANUS EPISCOPUS SERUUS SERUORUM DEI, venerabili fratri Edwardo Abbirdonensi Episcopo eiusque successoribus canonice substituendis in perpetuum, salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem. [The Bull is of the usual form, containing a list of the possessions of the see of Aberdeen, but containing also the following clause:] Præterea monachos sive Canonicos in tua cathedrali ecclesia iuxta dispositionem tuam instituendi liberam auctoritate sedis Apostolice habeas

[POPE ALEXANDER III. TO THE CLERGY OF S. ANDREW's.]

facultatem. [And its date is:] Datum Signie per manum Rolandi sancte Romane Ecclesie presbyteri Cardinalis et Cancellarij, IIII. idus Augusti, Indictione quinta, Incarnationis Domini anno millesimo centesimo quinquagesimo septimo, Pontificatus vero domini Adriani Pape quarti anno tertio. [I. 5-7-]

* A.D. 1150, at the dedication of the church of Dunfermlin, Edward Bishop of Aberdeen is among the witnesses to a charter of King David (Reg. de Dumf. p. 8). This, and the above Bull of Adrian IV. of A.D. 1157, have hitherto been regarded as the earliest absolutely certain records of the see of Aberdeen. The deed in the Book of Deer, given above at its date, which mentions Bi

shop Nectan, now carries the certain evidence back to A.D. 1131,1132. See also under A.D. 1125. Bishop Edward "primus in eo templo canonicos instituit, quod Adrianus Pontifex Romanus ratum habuit" (Reg. Aberd., II. 247, from Bishop Gavin's Epistolare of A.D. 1527). There is no evidence anywhere, however, that these Canons supplanted Keledei.

A.D. 1159, Nov. 27. Anagnia. Pope Alexander III. to the
Archdeacon, Prior, and Clergy of S. Andrew's.

We have made

of Moray our

S. Andrew's. If

our legate.

ALEXANDER EPISCOPUS SERVUS SERVORUM DEI, dilectis William Bishop filiis Archidiacono, Priori, et vniuerso clero Ecclesie Sancti legate. Elect Andree, salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem. Petihim Bishop of tiones quas uenerabilis frater noster [Willelmus] Murenot, then whom- uensis Episcopus, et dilectus filius noster Magister Nichosoever you elect we will confirm laus, ex parte karissimi filii nostri Malcolmi Regis and make him Scottorum, super Ecclesia uestra nobis proposuerunt, leto animo a nobis fuissent effectui mancipate, si cum Deo et cum iustitia id fieri potuisset. Verum nos eidem filio nostro Regi utiliter satisfacere cupientes, ad reformationem ipsius Ecclesie et ad honorem regni eius, petitiones ipsas correximus et eas in statum redegimus meliorem. Quod enim nobis idem nuncii ex parte Regia proponebant, non poterat de iustitia ut diximus adimpleri; quia, cum Ecclesia uestra ad presens pastore sit destituta, confirmationem Ecclesie super his que postulabantur fieri nullatenus congruebat. Communicato autem fratrum nostrorum consilio, quia et ipsi Ecclesie et eidem Regi in maiorum fructum et commodum uidimus prouenire, iam dicto fratri nostro Episcopo, licet hoc ipse nullatenus postularet, legationem in toto regno memorato filio nostro Regi commisso duximus concedendam; ut ibidem que corrigenda sunt corrigat, et ea salubriter statuat que cognouerit statuenda: ita quidem ut si uos in personam eius uoluntate unanimi conueneritis, et idem Rex suum uoluerit impertiri consensum, in eadem Ecclesia Episcopus ordinetur. Et

[ERNALDUS BISHOP OF S. ANDREW'S CONSECRATED AT S. ANDREW's.] licet huiusmodi translationes absque consultatione et assensu Romani Pontificis non debeant celebrari, non tamen pro confirmatione sua eum redire ad sedem Apostolicam oportebit, set iniunctam sibi legationem et in eadem Ecclesia Pontificalis officii plenitudinem extunc libere exsequatur. Nos uero, post ordinationem ipsius, ei et memorate Ecclesie cui preerit, antiquas et rationabiles consuetudines et dignitates suas curabimus, auxiliante Domino, confirmare. Quod si in eum non poteritis conuenire, in aliam personam litteratam, idoneam, et honestam, communi uoto et unanimi uoluntate uos precipimus concordare, et eam studeatis uobis eligere in pastorem. Electam uero si nobis uolueritis presentare, eam et honeste tractabimus et quibus modis expedire uiderimus curabimus honorare. Extunc autem huius legatione cessante, ille qui confirmatus et consecratus fuerit, legationem per totum regnum iamdicti filii nostri Regis auctoritate Apostolica optinebit, et legationis officium libere in illis partibus exsequetur. Datum Anagnie, V. kalendas Decembris. [Stat. Eccles. Scot., ed. Jos. Robertson, Pref. p. xxx. note, from Denmyln MSS. 15. 1. 19, no. 2, Advoc. Libr. Edinb.]

CHRON. DE MAILROS, in an. 1159a.-Willelmus Episcopus Murauie et Nicholaus Regis Scottorum tunc temporis camerarius curiam Romanam ex parte Regis Malcolmi uisitantes, ad Papam Alexandrum Agnanie ultra Romam venerunt; ubi ab eo suscepti satis honorifice, Willelmus rediit in sequenti anno legatus regni Scottorum factus.

a See also Chron. S. Cruc. in an. 1159.

A.D. 1160, Nov. 13. Ernaldus Abbat of Kelso made Bishop of S. Andrew's and consecrated at S. Andrew's by William Bishop of Moray, Papal Legatea.

CHRON. DE MAILROS, in an. 1160.-Ernaldus Abbas de Calceo electus est ad Episcopatum Sancti Andree in Scotia, die scilicet Sancti Bricii Episcopi [Nov. 13], que hoc anno Dominica die evenit; et in sequenti die Dominica [Nov. 20], scilicet Sancti Edmundi, consecratus est apud Sanctum Andream in Scotia a Willelmo Murauensi Episcopo sedis Apostolice legato, astante Rege Malcolmo, et Episcopo, et Abbatibus, et Comitibus regni.

IB., in an. 1161.-Ernaldus Episcopus factus est legatus regni