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[CHRISTIAN INSCRIBED OR OTHER STONES IN SCOTTISH AND BRITISH CUMBRIA.] cross filled with scroll ornaments; all very inferior in execution. (Stuart, ib., p. 34.)

iv. There are some fragments of crosses also, of uncertain date, at Friars Carse, parish of Dunscore, and at Glencairn, both co. Dumfries; and at Mansfield, co. Ayr. (Stuart, ib., p. 67.)

Crosses with interlaced work are also mentioned, as

v. At Muncaster, close to Ravenglass,

vi. At Beckermet St. Brigits,

vii. At Rockcliffe, .

viii. At Lanercost,

co. Cumberland. (Lysons, Cumberl. p. cii.)

Other monumental stones are recorded also as having been destroyed at comparatively recent dates: as e. g. at Rutherglen, on the Clyde, a cross ornamented with various figures, on the top of Crieshill, destroyed in the time of Charles I. And throughout (English) Cumberland, generally, there is scarcely a church, in or near which some portions of ancient crosses may not be seen, not mentioned by Stuart or Lysons; the former of whom only professes to give specimens of Saxon work in Northumbria, &c., by way of contrast with the Scottish and Pictish stones.

APPENDIX B.

BISHOPRIC OF CANDIDA CASA OR WHITHERNE, AS SUBJECT

ECCLESIASTICALLY TO YORK.

A.D. 1188-1472.

A.D. 1188. March 13, Lateran, Bull of Pope Clement III., declaring the freedom from York of the Scottish sees by name, but omitting Galloway (see above, p. 50).

JOHN, A.D. 1189-1209.

A.D. 1189. Sept. 17, Pipewell, John Bishop of Candida Casa, consecrated by John Archbishop of Dublin, Fulmar Archbishop of Treves, and Concord Bishop of Enachdune (Hoveden, Brompton), makes his profession to Geoffrey Archbishop Elect of York (Reg. Ebor. a); and immediately after at the same place, as "suffraganeus Eboracensis Ecclesiæ," ordains Geoffrey to the priesthood, Fulmar of Treves assisting (Diceto): A.D. 1194, March 30, was at a council under Richard I. at Nottingham (Hoveden, III. 240): A.D. 1195, March, consecrates chrism etc. in York diocese, as "suffraganeus et officialis" of York, at York and at Southwell (Hoveden, III. 286): A.D. 1189 x 1206, is one of the judges appointed to decide a right of patronage claimed by the see of Glasgow (Reg. Glasg. p. 72): A.D. 1206, becomes a monk of Holyrood (Fordun): and A.D. 1209, dies (Chron. de Mailros).

a A Profession of John elect of Candida Casa to Will. York, mentioned in Hutton's

Extracts from the York Register, must be a mistake.

WALTER, A.D. 1209-1235.

A.D. 1209. Walter, chamberlain to Alan Lord of Galloway, consecrated Bishop of Candida Casa (Chron. de Mailros): A.D. 1214, Nov. 2, and Dec. 11, the Bishop of Candida Casa receives pay from the "custodes" of the see of York for taking charge of the spiritualties of York diocese during the vacancy (Rot. Claus. pp. 173, 181)a; gave the church of Sembry to Dryburgh Abbey (Keith); witnesses a grant to Melrose in the reign of Alexander II., A.D. 1214–1235 (Lib. de Melr., I. 181); and A.D. 1235, dies (Chron. de Mailros).

Pope Innocent III., A.D. 1216, names only Durham and Carlisle as suffragans of York (Reg. Ebor., MS. Lansd. 402, and in Dugd. Mon. VI. P. iii. p. 1185, n. 38). The same Pope, A.D. 1203, writes to the Archbishop of

York, that in releasing Bernard Archbishop of Ragusa from that see, he permits him to act as Bishop in Carlisle, but "absque usu pallii" (Decret. Greg. IX. lib. 1. tit. ix. c. 9).

[BISHOPRIC OF CANDIDA CASA OR WHITHERNE.]

GILBERT, A.D. 1235-1253

A.D. 1235. Feb. 25 (1st Sunday in Lent), Gilbert monk of Melrose and master of the novices, once Abbat of Glenluce (dioc. Cand. Cas.), elected Bishop of Candida Casa by the clergy and people of the diocese, convent of Whitherne excepted; and March 11 ("Oculi mei," 3rd Sunday in Lent), Odo canon of Whitherne, once Abbat of Deretonsal [Dercongal], elected by the prior and canons of Whitherne (Chron. de Mailros): letters of the said prior and canons, declaring the election of Odo "on the 3rd Sunday in Lent; "of Alexander King of Scotland to the archdeacon and clergy of Galway, at Newbottle, April 23, assenting to Gilbert's election; and to Walter Archbishop of York, at Cadyow (Hamilton), May 20, requiring him not to consecrate Odo;-commission of Walter Archbishop of York, to certain judges, to determine the case upon June 4 at York ;-letters of prior and canons of Whitherne excusing their absence from York July 5 on account of the war, and sending a proctor (Lansd. MS. 402, from York Registers) a: Gilbert consecrated at York by Archbishop Walter Sept. 2b (Chron. de Mailros). A.D. 1239, May 31, indulgence granted by Gilbert Bishop of Candida Casa of 20 years, to altars of S. John Baptist, S. Mary, and S. Cuthbert; and A.D. 1245, Oct. 1, at "Wermue" [Wearmouth], to all giving alms to Finchale; and A.D. 1246, March 7, at Durham, for sustentation of lights at Finchale; and A.D. 1248, Oct. 28, also for lights (Finchale Priory, Surtees Soc. pp. 169, 172, 175, 177). A.D. 1253, dies (Chron. de Mailros, and Lanercost).

a The same Registers contain a declaration, by the prior and canons, of the names and designations of the canons who voted for Odo; scil. of the prior himself (Dunetanus), of sixteen canons who were priests (among them,

one

"vices gerens" of [apparently] the prior, an ex-prior, a sub-prior, a treasurer, a "provisor," and a chanter), of three canons who were deacons, and of two who were acolytes.

bA.D. 1235. Bishop of Galloway and Abbat of Melrose and Patrick Earl of Dunbar attempt to mediate between the Scotch King and Thomas claiming to be Lord of Galloway (Fordun, IX. 49; Robertson, E. S., II. 27).

A.D. 1243. July 30, a cause of the abbey of Dundrennan is referred to various judges, and among the rest to the Dean of York and others (Theiner, pp. 41, 42).

See vacant, A.D. 1253, 1254.

A.D. 1253, 1254. Henry elected (it does not appear by whom), but his election objected to by Henry Baliol of Barnard Castle, who claimed to nominate to the see in right of his wife Devorguilla, daughter and heiress of the Lord of Galloway, as against Alexander III. King of Scotland, who claimed the patronage as King (Chron. de Mailros, and Lanercost). A.D. 1257. April 3, Lateran, Pope Alexander IV. to the Prior of Kelso, Glasg. dioc., and to the Archdeacon of Tweeddale, S. Andr. dioc., appointing them to decide an appeal to the Pope by the dean of the church "de Wikecono [Kirkcowan?]," against the rector of the church "de Insula [Inch]," both

[BISHOPRIC OF CANDIDA CASA OR WHITHERNE.]

"in dioc. Candidæ Case," against a decision of the subdean of York; and speaking of "Archiepiscopi Ebor. loci metropolitani, ad quem de antiqua et approbata et hactenus pacifice observata consuetudine hujusmodi causarum cognitio pertinet in supradicta diocesi ;"-the cause having begun three years before, scil. in 1254, “vacante sede Candidæ Casæ quæ tunc pastore carebat" (Theiner, pp. 75, 76).

HENRY, 1255-1293.

A.D. 1255. Feb. 7 ("7 Idus Feb.," Chron. Lanercost), at S. Agatha, Richmond, co. York, Henry Bishop of Candida Casa consecrated with Thomas Bishop of Carlisle, by Walter Archbishop of Yorka and Walter Bishop of Durham (Chron. de Mailros, and Lanercost, and Wikes); Feb. 11 ("the morrow of S. Scholastica"), Henry, " Abbas S. Crucis," elected Bishop of Candida Casa "in majori ecclesia Ebor. 1254" (A.D. 1255 N.S.), "in presentia Steph. de...., magistri R. Pepyn subdecani,” etc., and Feb. 24, "anno 40" (sc. of Abp. Gray's archiepiscopate, sc. 1255), confirmed (Reg. Gray, Rot. Minor. no. 252b). A.D. 1255, he is mentioned in the Lib. de Dunfermline. And he also granted a confirmation of various churches to Dryburgh (Cart. de Dryb.). A.D. 1260. April 18 ("die S. Oswyni "), Tynemouth, Henry Bishop of Candida Casa grants an indulgence for the church of Finchale (Finch. Priory, p. 179). Same year, Nov. 16, Westminster, he is one of those appointed to escort to Scotland the child of Alexander King of Scotland, about to be born in England, in case anything should happen to Alexander himself (Rym., I. 402). A.D. 1263 x 1266. Feb. 24, Fynchale, he grants an indulgence for the church of Fynchale; and A.D. 1277, "Wardele," another "pro luminari" (Finch. Priory, pp. 182, 186). A.D. 1277. Aug. 24, Cawood, Walter Archbishop of York grants a church to Henry Bishop of Candida Casa on account of the poverty of his see, confirmed by Dean and Chapter of York A.D. 1277, Sept. 8; letter also of Dungal Prior of Whitherne and his convent on the subject, A.D. 1279, June 25; and memorandum respecting the confirmation of the grant by the Pope, mentioning the privilege granted to the King of Scotland, that "Scots should not go out of the kingdom for judgment" (Reg. Giffard). A.D. 1281. May, Henry Bishop of Candida Casa has a licence from the Archbishop of York to consecrate a chapel at Loweswater in the parish of S. Bees (Wickwaine's Reg., b. 21 a; and in Hutton MSS. Harl. 6970). A.D. 1282 Nov. 8, Cawood, "Instrumentum Publicum super professione domini H. Episcopi Candida Casæ facta domino W[illmo Wickwaine]," drawn up by a notary and solemnly witnessed; in which Bishop Henry states, among other things, that "suffraganeum et subditum vestrum et Ecclesiæ Eborac. in omnibus iuribus metropoliticis me et Ecclesiam meam esse, et prædecessores meos

[BISHOPRIC OF CANDIDA CASA OR WHITHERNE.]

66

(Reg.

fuisse ab antiquissimis temporibus, publice profiteor et recognosco c" Wickw. in Lansd. 402, fol. 75, 76). A.D. 1283. Feb. 5, Scone, at the Scottish Parliament held to swear allegiance to the young Queen Margaret, the Bishop of Galway ("Galwathiensis") was appointed among the other Scottish Bishops to enforce obedience by spiritual penalties (Acts of Parl. of Scotl., I. 82). A.D. 1284. Jan. 9, York, H. Whitherne joins in consecrating Anthony Bek to the see of Durham (Reg. Wickw., &c.). A.D. 1286. Sept. 9, "Extildesham" (Hexham), Henry Bishop of Candida Casa professes obedience to John (Romanus) Archbishop of York, in identical terms with his profession in 1282 to William Wickwaine (Reg. Joh. Rom., 99; and in Lansd. 402, fol. 76 b, &c.): and same year, Sept. 10, an indulgence of forty days is granted by the Archbishop for contributing to the rebuilding of the church of Candida Casa, burnt with fire (Reg. Joh. Rom. in Hutton, Harl. 6970). A.D. 1287 (2nd year of Joh. Rom.), a letter of the Archbishop to Bishop Henry excuses him from the annual visit to York promised in his profession, on account of his old age, but promises that if he does come versus partes nostras," he shall have some churches to consecrate, " quod in emolumentum aliquid vobis cedet" (Reg. Joh. Rom., ib.): and accordingly, same year, Aug. 17, Henry Bishop of Candida Casa has a commission to consecrate the churches of Oswaldskirk and Edstone (ib.). And A.D. 1287, Archbishop Romanus writes to Mr. G. de Vezano, desiring him to grant more time to Henry Bishop of Whitherne, to pay a debt of 80 marks, in consequence of his poverty (Historical Papers, &c., from Northern Registers, 88). A.D. 1290. March 14, “Henry Evesque de Gauway" is present at a Scotch Parliament of Queen Margaret held at "Briggeham," which assents to the intended. marriage of young Prince Edward with Margaret (Acts of Parl. of Scotl., I. 85, and Hist. Doc. Scotl., I. 129). A.D. 1291. Aug. 4, Letters of Protection from Edward I. for "H. Candida Casa Episcopus, in Hibernia," the Bishop having sent ships to Ireland for provisions (Hist. Doc. Scotl., I. 218:—a like document for the Abbat and Convent of Dundraynan for five years, A.D. 1292, July 11, ib. 327). And same year, Oct. 16 ("sixth year" of Joh. Romanus' archiepiscopate), the Bishop has a commission from the Archbishop to perform all duties which require the imposition of episcopal hands in the province of York, "ipso Archiepiscopo in remotis agente" (Reg. Joh. Rom.); Romanus having gone to Rome about his dispute with Bishop Bek of Durham. A.D. 1292. June 5, Norham, he is chosen as one of Baliol's friends in the dispute between him and Bruce respecting the succession (Rym., I. 767). A.D. 1293. Nov. 1, being at the time "cruce signatus," he dies (Chron. de Lanercost). And in Archbishop Romanus' Register are various acts of his officials during the vacancy ensuing upon Bishop Henry's death.

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