ern tip of Cayo Matojo (latitude 18°20′24′′ North, longitude 65°17′26′′ West); and westerly of line (2) described as beginning at the point on the west coast of Culebra above referred to (latitude 18°18′57′′ North, longitude 65°19′02′′ West), and extending due south to a point (latitude 18°16′40′′ North, longitude 65°19′02′′ West) from which Punta del Soldado light bears 85°; thence extending southwesterly at a bearing of 220° to the three-mile marine boundary.

The territorial waters of Culebra, Puerto Rico, are hereby established and reserved as a naval defensive sea area for purposes of national defense, such area to be known as "Culebra Island Naval Defensive Sea Area"; and the airspace over the said territorial waters and island is hereby set apart and reserved as a naval airspace reservation for purposes of national defense, such reservation to be known as "Culebra Island Naval Airspace Reservation".

At no time shall any person, other than persons on public vessels of the United States, enter Culebra Island Naval Defensive Sea Area, nor shall any vessel or other craft, other than public vessels of the United States, be navigated into said area, unless authorized by the Secretary of the Navy.

At no time shall any aircraft, other than public aircraft of the United States, be navigated into Culebra Island Naval Airspace Reservation, unless authorized by the Secretary of the Navy.

The provisions of the preceding paragraphs shall be enforced by the Secretary of the Navy, with the cooperation of the local law enforcement officers of the United States and of the Government of Puerto Rico, and the Secretary of the Navy is hereby authorized to prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out such provisions.

Any person violating any of the provisions of this order relating to Culebra Island Naval Defensive Sea Area shall be subject to the penalties provided by section 44 of the Criminal Code as amended (U.S.C., title 18, sec. 96), and any person violating any of the provisions of this order relating to Culebra Island Naval Airspace Reservation shall be subject to the penalties prescribed by the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 (52 Stat. 973).

This order shall take effect ninety days after date hereof. (Date: February 14, 1941)

EDITORIAL NOTE: Nothing in Executive Order 11673 shall be construed to modify in any way the Culebra Island Naval Airspace Reservation, as defined in Executive Order No. 8684, or to interfere with the authority of the Federal Aviation Administrator, under section 1202 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, 72 Stat. 800, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1522), to modify that airspace reservation.

EXECUTIVE ORDER 9586-THE PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM [AS AMENDED]

SOURCE: Executive Order 9586, 10 F.R. 8523, July 10, 1945, as amended by the following:

E.O. 10336, 17 F.R. 2957, Apr. 5, 1952; E.O. 11085, 28 F.R. 1759, Feb. 26, 1963; E.O. 11515, 35 F.R. 4543, Mar. 14, 1970.

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:

SECTION 1. Prior orders. The numbered sections of Executive Order No. 9586 of July 6, 1945, as amended by Executive Order No. 10336 of April 3, 1952, are hereby amended to read as follows:

SECTION 1. Medal established. The Medal of Freedom is hereby reestablished as the Presidential Medal of Freedom, with accompanying ribbons and appurtenances. The Presidential Medal of Freedom, hereinafter referred to as the Medal, shall be in two degrees.

SEC. 2. Award of the Medal. (a) The Medal may be awarded by the President as provided in this order to any person who has made an especially meritorious contribution to (1) the security or national interests of the United States, or (2) world peace, or (3) cultural or other significant public or private endeavors.

(b) The President may select for the award of the Medal any person recommended to the President for award of the Medal or any person selected by the President upon his own initiative.

[Paragraph (b) revised by E.O. 11515, 35 F.R. 4543, Mar. 4, 1970]

(c) The principal announcement of awards of the Medal shall normally be made annually, on or about July 4 of each year; but such awards may be made at other times, as the President may deem appropriate.

(d) Subject to the provisions of this Order, the Medal may be awarded posthumously.

EDITORIAL NOTE: E.O. 9586 was revised by E.O. 10336, which in turn was revised by E.O. 11085. The text above is contained in E.O. 11085 as amended by E.O. 11515.

EXECUTIVE ORDER 10347-PROVIDING FOR THE AFFIXING OF THE SEAL OF THE UNITED STATES TO CERTAIN PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS [AS AMENDED]

SOURCE: Executive Order 10347, 17 F.R. 3521, Apr. 22, 1952, as amended by the following:

E.O. 11354, 32 F.R. 7695, May 26, 1967; E.O. 11517, 35 F.R. 4937, Mar. 21, 1970. By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code (section 10, Public Law 248, approved October 31, 1951, 65 Stat. 713), and as President of the United States, I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of State to affix the Seal of the United States, pursuant to section 42 of title 4 of the United States Code, without any special warrant therefor, other than this order, to each document included within any of the following classes of documents when such document has been signed by the President and, in the case of any such document to which the counter-signature of the

Secretary of State is required to be affixed, has been counter-signed by the said Secretary:

1. Proclamations by the President of treaties, conventions, protocols, or other international agreements.

[Item 1 revised by E.O. 11354, 32 F.R. 7695, May 26, 1967] (Effective date: July 1, 1967)

2. Instruments of ratification of treaties.

3. Full powers to negotiate treaties and to exchange ratifications. 4. Letters of credence and recall and other communications from the President to heads of foreign governments.

5. Exequaturs issued to those foreign consular officers in the United States whose commissions bear the signature of the chief of state which they represent.

[Former item 4 deleted. Former items 5 and 6 renumbered 4 and 5, respectively, by E.O. 11517, 35 F.R. 4937, Mar. 20, 1970]

EDITORIAL NOTE: Executive Order 11517 delegated certain fugitive warrant powers to the Secretary of State formerly reserved to the President.

EXECUTIVE ORDER 10448-ESTABLISHING THE NATIONAL
DEFENSE SERVICE MEDAL [AS AMENDED]

SOURCE: Executive Order 10448, 18 F.R. 2391, Apr. 24, 1953, as amended by the following:

E.O. 11265, 31 F.R. 425, Jan. 13, 1966; E.O. 11382, 32 F.R. 16250, Nov. 29, 1968. By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States and as Commander in Chief of the armed forces of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:

1. There is hereby established the National Defense Service Medal, with suitable appurtenances. Under such regulations as the Secretaries of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, or the Secretary of Transportation with regard to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, may severally prescribe, and subject to the provisions of this Order, the National Defense Service Medal shall be awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served during any period after June 26, 1950, and before July 28, 1954, or who served during any period after December 31, 1960, which the Secretary of Defense designates as being a period for which active military service merits special recognition.

[Paragraph 1 as revised by E.O. 11265, 31 F.R. 425, Jan. 13, 1966 and amended by E.O. 11382, 32 F.R. 16250, Nov. 29, 1968]

2. The regulations prescribed by the Secretaries of the Army, Navy, and Air Force pursuant to paragraph 1 hereof shall be uniform so far as practicable and shall be approved by the Secretary of Defense. The regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation pursuant to paragraph 1 hereof shall, so far as practicable, be uniform with the regulations prescribed for the other armed forces.

3. Those persons entitled to wear the National Defense Service Medal for service after June 26, 1950, and before July 28, 1954, or for service during any designated period after December 31, 1960, are also entitled to wear a bronze star on their National Defense Service Medal ribbon for each additional period of active duty designated by the Secretary

of Defense pursuant to paragraph 1 as being a period for which active military service merits special recognition.

[Paragraph 3 as revised by E.O. 11265, 31 F.R. 425, Jan. 13, 1966 and amended by E.O. 11382, 32 F.R. 16250, Nov. 29, 1968]

4. The National Defense Service Medal may be awarded posthumously.

EXECUTIVE ORDER 10450-SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR

GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT [AS AMENDED]

SOURCE: Executive Order 10450, 18 F.R. 2489, Apr. 29, 1953, as amended by the following:

E.O. 10491, 18 F.R. 6583, Oct. 16, 1953; E.O. 10531, 19 F.R. 3069, May 28, 1954; E.O. 10548, 19 F.R. 4817, Aug. 4, 1954; E.O. 10550, 19 F.R. 4981, Aug. 7, 1954; E.O. 11605, 36 F.R. 12831, July 8, 1971.

WHEREAS the interests of the national security require that all persons privileged to be employed in the departments and agencies of the Government, shall be reliable, trustworthy, of good conduct and character, and of complete and unswerving loyalty to the United States; and

WHEREAS the American tradition that all persons should receive fair, impartial, and equitable treatment at the hands of the Government requires that all persons seeking the privilege of employment or privileged to be employed in the departments and agencies of the Government be adjudged by mutually consistent and no less than minimum standards. and procedures among the departments and agencies governing the employment and retention in employment of persons in the Federal service:

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes of the United States, including section 1753 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (5 U.S.C. 631); the Civil Service Act of 1883 (22 Stat. 403; 5 U.S.C. 632, et seq.); section 9A of the act of August 2, 1939, 53 Stat. 1148 (5 U.S.C. 118j); and the act of August 26, 1950, 64 Stat. 476 (5 U.S.C. 22–1, et seq.), and as President of the United States, and deeming such action necessary in the best interests of the national security, it is hereby ordered as follows:

SECTION 1. In addition to the departments and agencies specified in the said act of August 26, 1950, and Executive Order No. 10237 of April 26, 1951 (3 CFR, 1949–1953 Comp., p. 748), the provisions of that act shall apply to all other departments and agencies of the Government.

SEC. 2. The head of each department and agency of the Government shall be responsible for establishing and maintaining within his department or agency an effective program to insure that the employment and

retention in employment of any civilian officer or employee within the department or agency is clearly consistent with the interests of the national security.

SEC. 3. (a) The appointment of each civilian officer or employee in any department or agency of the Government shall be made subject to investigation. The scope of the investigation shall be determined in the first instance according to the degree of adverse effect the occupant of the position sought to be filled could bring about, by virtue of the nature of the position, on the national security, but in no event shall the investigation include less than a national agency check (including a check of the fingerprint files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation), and written inquiries to appropriate local low-enforcement agencies, former employers and supervisors, references, and schools attended by the person under investigation: Provided, that upon request of the head of the department or agency concerned, the Civil Service Commission may, in its discretion, authorize such less investigation as may meet the requirements of the national security with respect to per-diem, intermittent, temporary, or seasonal employees, or aliens employed outside the United States. Should there develop at any stage of investigation information indicating that the employment of any such person may not be clearly consistent with the interests of the national security, there shall be conducted with respect to such person a full field investigation, or such less investigation as shall be sufficient to enable the head of the department or agency concerned to determine whether retention of such person is clearly consistent with the interests of the national security.

(b) The head of any department or agency shall designate, or cause to be designated, any position within his department or agency the occupant of which could bring about, by virtue of the nature of the position, a material adverse effect on the national security as a sensitive position. Any position so designated shall be filled or occupied only by a person with respect to whom a full field investigation has been conducted: Provided, that a person occupying a sensitive position at the time it is designated as such may continue to occupy such position pending the completion of a full field investigation, subject to the other provisions of this order: And provided further, that in case of emergency a sensitive position may be filled for a limited period by a person with respect to whom a full field preappointment investigation has not been completed if the head of the department or agency concerned finds that such action is necessary in the national interest, which finding shall be made a part of the records of such department or agency.