deems proper, for the payment of such costs and damages as may be incurred or suffered by any party who is found to have been wrongfully enjoined or restrained. No such security shall be required of the United States or of an officer or agency thereof.

(d) FORM AND SCOPE OF INJUNCTION OR RESTRAINING ORDER. Every order granting an injunction and every restraining order shall set forth the reasons for its issuance; shall be specific in terms; shall describe in reasonable detail, and not by reference to the complaint or other document, the act or acts sought to be restrained; and is binding only upon the parties to the action, their officers, agents, servants, employees, and attorneys, and upon those persons in active concert or participation with them who receive actual notice of the order by personal service or otherwise.

(e) EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE; INTERPLEADER; CONSTITUTIONAL CASES. These rules do not modify the Act of October 15, 1914, c. 323, §§ 1 and 20 (38 Stat. 730), U. S. C., Title 29, §§ 52 and 53, or the Act of March 23, 1932, c. 90 (47 Stat. 70), U. S. C.,Title 29, c. 6, relating to temporary restraining orders and preliminary injunctions in actions affecting employer and employee; or the provisions of Section 24 (26) of the Judicial Code as amended, U. S. C., Title 28, § 41 (26), relating to preliminary injunctions in actions of interpleader or in the nature of interpleader; or the Act of August 24, 1937, c. 754, § 3, relating to actions to enjoin the enforcement of acts of Congress.

Rule 66. Receivers. The practice in the administration of estates by receivers or by other similar officers appointed by the court shall be in accordance with the practice heretofore followed in

the courts of the United States or as provided in rules promulgated by the district courts, but all appeals in receivership proceedings are subject to these rules.

Rule 67. Deposit in Court. In an action in which any part of the relief sought is a judgment for a sum of money or the disposition of a sum of money or the disposition of any other thing capable of delivery, a party, upon notice to every other party, and by leave of court, may deposit with the court all or any part of such sum or thing. Money paid into court under this rule shall be deposited and withdrawn in accordance with the provisions of Sections 995 and 996, Revised Statutes, as amended, U. S. C., Title 28, §§ 851, 852; the Act of June 26, 1934, c. 756, § 23 (48 Stat. 1236), U. S. C., Title 31, § 725v; or any like statute.

Rule 68. Offer of Judgment. At any time more than 10 days before the trial begins, a party defending against a claim may serve upon the adverse party an offer to allow judgment to be taken against him for the money or property or to the effect specified in his offer, with costs then accrued. If within 10 days after the service of the offer the adverse party serves written notice that the offer is accepted, either party may then file the offer and notice of acceptance together with proof of service thereof and thereupon the clerk shall enter judgment. If the offer is not so accepted it shall be deemed withdrawn and evidence thereof is not admissible. If the adverse party fails to obtain a judgment more favorable than that offered, he shall not recover costs in the district court from the time of the offer but shall pay costs from that time.

Rule 69. Execution.

(a) IN GENERAL. Process to enforce a judgment for the payment of money shall be a writ of execution, unless the court directs otherwise. The procedure on execution, in proceedings supplementary to and in aid of a judgment, and in proceedings on and in aid of execution shall be in accordance with the practice and procedure of the state in which the district court is held, existing at the time the remedy is sought, except that any statute of the United States governs to the extent that it is applicable. In aid of the judgment or execution, the judgment creditor or his successor in interest when that interest appears of record, may examine any person, including the judgment debtor, in the manner provided in these rules for taking depositions or in the manner provided by the practice of the state in which the district court is held.

(b) AGAINST CERTAIN PUBLIC OFFICERS. When a judgment has been entered against a collector or other officer of revenue under the circumstances stated in Section 989, Revised Statutes, U. S. C., Title 28, §842, or against an officer of Congress in an action mentioned in the Act of March 3, 1875, c. 130, §8 (18 Stat. 401), U. S. C., Title 2, §118, and when the court has given the certificate of probable cause for his act as provided in those statutes, execution shall not issue against the officer or his property but the final judgment shall be satisfied as provided in such statutes.

Rule 70. Judgment for Specific Acts; Vesting Title. If a judgment directs a party to execute a conveyance of land or to deliver deeds or other documents or to perform any other specific act and the party fails to comply within the time specified, the

court may direct the act to be done at the cost of the disobedient party by some other person appointed by the court and the act when so done has like effect as if done by the party. On application of the party entitled to performance, the clerk shall issue a writ of attachment or sequestration against the property of the disobedient party to compel obedience to the judgment. The court may also in proper cases adjudge the party in contempt. If real or personal property is within the district, the court in lieu of directing a conveyance thereof may enter a judgment divesting the title of any party and vesting it in others and such judgment has the effect of a conveyance executed in due form of law. When any order or judgment is for the delivery of possession, the party in whose favor it is entered is entitled to a writ of execution or assistance upon application to the clerk.

Rule 71. Process in Behalf of and Against Persons Not Parties. When an order is made in favor of a person who is not a party to the action, he may enforce obedience to the order by the same process as if he were a party; and, when obedience to an order may be lawfully enforced against a person who is not a party, he is liable to the same process for enforcing obedience to the order as if he were a party.

IX. APPEALS

Rule 72. Appeal from a District Court to the Supreme Court. When an appeal is permitted by law from a district court to the Supreme Court of the United States, an appeal shall be taken by petition for appeal accompanied by an assignment of errors. The appeal shall be allowed, a citation issued, a jurisdictional statement filed, a bond on appeal and supersedeas bond taken, and the record on appeal made and certified as prescribed by law and the Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States governing such an appeal.

Rule 73. Appeal to a Circuit Court of Appeals.

(a) How TAKEN. When an appeal is permitted by law from a district court to a circuit court of appeals and within the time prescribed, a party may appeal from a judgment by filing with the district court a notice of appeal. Failure of the appellant to take any of the further steps to secure the review of the judgment appealed from does not affect the validity of the appeal, but is ground only for such remedies as are specified in this rule or, when no remedy is specified, for such action as the appellate court deems appropriate, which may include dismissal of the appeal.

(b) NOTICE OF APPEAL. The notice of appeal shall specify the parties taking the appeal; shall designate the judgment or part thereof appealed from; and shall name the court to which the appeal is taken. Notification of the filing of the notice of appeal shall be given by the clerk by mailing copies thereof to all the parties to the judgment other than