the revolution in 1470 the governor of Ca lais put the garrison into his livery. King Edward on his return "swore deeply," it is said, "and took the sacrament on it, that he

came not to disturb king Henry, but only "to recover his own inheritance;" and for the more show thereof wore an ostrich feather, prince Edward's livery. King Henry IV. had a fox-tail dependent for his device. An eagle and padlock was that of John of Gaunt; a falcon and fetterlock, of Edmund duke of York, and of his son Edward IV, whose quibbling motto in French was a witticism without delicacy ". A portcullis was the cognizance of the illegitimate branch of Beaufort, which king Henry VII, who descended from it, first inserted among the emblems of the crown, as heir of the royal line of Lancaster. Devices were admitted as ornaments by the architects, and still appear on various buildings of that age. But to return to public affairs:

SECT. IV. QUEEN Margaret landed at Weymouth on the day fatal to Warwick. She received a total overthrow near Tewks

u

Walpole.

x Walpole, Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i.

bury

bury on the 4th of May 1471. Prince Ed ward was conveyed to the tent of the conqueror, who smiting him on the face with his gauntlet, he was hurried away, and a dagger plunged into his bosom. Henry, composed as innocent, was murthered in the Tower". His queen succeeded to his prison; but was permitted to return to her native country in 1475, where she survived until 1482. ward was crowned again, and now enjoyed the throne without a rival.

Ed

SECT. V. THE situation of Waynflete at the beginning of this extraordinary revolution must have been full of anxiety and danger. He is likely to have partaken largely in the general joy of the Lancastrians, on seeing Henry at liberty and in possession of the diadem. This pleasure was soon succeeded by the terrible carnage at Barnet and Tewksbury, and by deep affliction for the loss of prince Edward, whose spirit, joined to the heroism of the queen his mother, had banished the despair of a future restoration of his family. The pitiable end

y Duck, V. Chich. p. 48.

Baker, Rapin, and other historians.

of

of the harmless Henry completed the tragedy, and we may believe that no one sorrowed more at its catastrophe than Waynflete. It should seem, however, that his zeal had been temperate, and his demeanor governed by discretion, since Edward, so. early as the 30th of May in the same year, about a month before king Henry was put to death, granted a free and absolute pardon to him, in company of seven other prelates; probably admitting the obvious plea of gratitude, and of ancient connexion, as a reasonable excuse for his conduct.

SECT. VI. THE heavens at this æra of public confusion and discord seem to have been subject to disorder, as well as the minds of men, and to have shed a malign influence on the land. Waynflete, regarding physical calamity as a punishment of sins calling for repentance, ordered in 1464 (8th February) processions and litanies in his diocese, to obtain a wholesome temperature of

See a

a Dr. Heylin's poem, entitled " Wainflete's Memorial," consists of one hundred and sixty stanzas, each of nine verses. specimen in the Appendix, N° XVIII.

b Rymer, t. xi. p. 711.

the

the air, with a kindly season for the cattle and fruits of the earth, and to avert the reigning mortality and pestilence: also in 1467 (9th October) to procure the cessation of a fatal distemper which raged in the borough of Southwark and its vicinity, among innocents and children who had scarcely attained to the use of reason; on account, it was feared, of the iniquities of their fathers also in 1470, when the country was afflicted in an uncommon degree by various kinds of disturbances, and by bad air and tempests. Edward was then in arms against the Scots, and one suffrage was for the prosperity and success of his expedition.

SECT. VII. THE bishop, until he was made chancellor, had held frequent general ordinations, excepting a few instances, in person, at various places in his diocese; in the chapels of his manors of Merwell, of Southwark, of Waltham, of Esher, of his palace of Wolvesey, in the collegiate church of St. Elizabeth by Wynton, and in his cathedral. He was then prevented from continuing them in the same manner, by multiplicity of business, and a constant attend

ance

ance on the court. It appears from his Register that he held four ordinations in 1457, the year after he was made lord chancellor; one at the conventual church of Mottesfont in April, and one at Rumsey in September, 1458; and in the chapel of his manor of South Waltham in September 1480. During the above interval, and afterwards, his suffragan, William bishop of Sidon, a monk of the order of St. Austin, (who was appointed to the same office by the archbishop of Canterbury in 1468,) performed that duty for him almost uninterruptedly; for the last time on the 20th of May 1486. The whole diocese had experienced the diligence of their bishop in spiritual matters, and especially the religious houses, which abounded. His paternal care was exerted to reform their abuses, and to restore them, if possible, to their primitive purity. When the civil tempest was abated, he resumed his wonted attention to these affairs. In particular, he had begun an inquisition into the state, the morals, life, and conversation of the abbat and regulars of the monastery of St. Peter de Hyde near Winchester; which he continued by commissions in 1469, a variety of

arduous