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Crown 8vo. pp. 620, cloth, Persian morocco back, CLASSICAL and FOREIGN London 12, Warwick-lane, E.C. LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 29, 1896. Garnons-Jewish Commentaries on Old Testament Her of Lude, and another of Graham of Orchill. CONTENT S.—N° 218. NOTES:-Wanderings of Strowan Robertson, 161-Yule of Saxon Days, 162-Anglo-Saxon Piant-names, 163-A House for Weddings-Cardinal Manning's Year of Birth, 164 Marriage of Clergy-A "Subject Index"-Storey's Gate: Birdcage Walk, 165 Cruces in Translation-Canard-Sir for seven years after the ruin of the prince's cause, As above stated, Strowan skulked in Scotland W. Young-"Our only General "-Sir J. W. Hayes, 166. QUERIES:-The Owl of Andoain - "Anders wandering, like him, from place to place. Looking University Heraldry Office-Inscribed Fonts-Genealogical Oxford to the number of places he was in, no fewer than 157, -Portrait of Paley-Hall Marks on Pewter-Milton's it is wonderful how he escaped, more particularly Mother-J. S. Orr, 167-" Facing the music"-Apedaile- as the search after him was not allowed to drop. Flambards of Harrow-Rev. Cuthbert Allanson-Brans- In a letter of Lady Gask of 26 April, 1753, refercomb-Author Wanted-Italian Proverb-Adam Buck-ring to the arrest of Dr. Cameron, the brother of Arbuthnot, 168-Napoleon and his Illnesses-Jas. Town- Lochiel, and the last who suffered for the Stuart ley, M.A.-Madame de Ligne-Authors Wanted, 169. REPLIES:-Sin-eater, 169-Bream's Buildings-Col. Stuart, London. Great search has been made for Dunc. cause, she says: Doctor Cameron was carried to 170-"The lass that loves a sailor"-Changes in Country and others"; the Dunc. here mentioned being Life, 171-Dr. Johnson and Gwaenynog-Oving-R. Roxby -Odin or Woden-Visiting Cards-François Casanova, 172 Strowan. -J. Sanger-Battle of Killiecrankie-Witham-Swinnerton-Art Biography-Liverpool, 173-Flat-irons-Brehon The following, copied from a note-book in the Laws, 174-Culpeper "Twilight of Plate"-True Date of bandwriting of his son and successor in Strowan, First Easter, 175-Movable Types-Sir Thos. Bond-Har-will be read with interest. Many of his hidingrest Custom-Chaplains to George III.-Double-barrelled Guns, 176-Grace Curran - Author Wanted, 177-Sir T. places were the residences of the followers and Sewell-Hampton Court-Bishop Gibson, 178-Major sufferers in the rising, and how he evaded appreJeremy Lock, 179. hension in his wanderings seems even more surprising than the escape of the young Ascanius himself: NOTES ON BOOKS:-Firth's 'Journal of Joachim Hane Botes. 66 Copied from a shatter'd paper, of D. Robertson, late of Strowan. My different Quarters in Scotland from April 16, 1746, till July 30th, 1753, that I sail'd for Zeland. Dalmigarry, Dalwhiny, Etridge, Gordonhall, Killiehuntly, Ballinrich, John Glass's, Rynabroich, Balnespick's, Castle-Grant, Boat of Liddich, Fochaber, Portsoy, THE WANDERINGS OF STROWAN ROBERTSON Roseharty, Achieres, Kinninmond, Crichy, Kintore, AFTER CULLODEN. Duncan Robertson, of Drumachin, was an ardent family had to live in exile for thirty-nine years. Strowan was intimately connected with the principal Jacobite families of Scotland. He married one of the eight daughters of the second Lord Nairne. One of her sisters was the wife of Lord Strathallan, another of Lord Dunmore, Another of Oliphant of Gask, another of Robertson Pitodrie, Lord Forbes's, Bridge of Achlossen, Cromarr, cauld's Fidler's, Smith in Miltoun, Allan-choich, BoatBrakely, Abergeldy, Lary, Cluny in Braemar, Innerman's of Castletown, Lamond's in Glencluny, Dalmore, Inney, Craigfadrig, Shealing in Glenfeshy, Lechois Sheal, Felare Sheal, Skoiltan Sheal, Hill near Skoiltan, Camechoire Sheal, Lynterevy, Wm. Robertson's in GlenGlelochesy, Spittle Angus Morris, Spittle John Murray's, farnat, Finlay Farquharson's, Corredoin, Hill near Tombui, Soillary, Kirkmichael, Miltown Innercrosky, the Miller's, Balnacraigs, Donald' Og's Barn, Angus in Baron Reids, Sanders Rae's, Tullichcurran, Kendrogin, Mac-Coul's, Dalcharny, Straloch's, Mackstinny's, Fraser Fordu, Susan Robertson's, Mrs. Robertson Balnacraig's, Benegloe, Thomas Beg's, Glencromby, Achalenie, Kinaldie, Gresich Carid, Kirktown of Strowan, Ballnuan Barn, Croft-cromby, Balluan Minister's, Lude, Gardener's, Kinrory, Orchil-beg, Fascaly, Gardener's, Funcastle, Miltown Funcastle, Frenich, Foss, Kynachan, Bohespick, Cary, Donaldbaan's Barn, Kinloch Ranach, Leragan, Lynevreck, Aulich, Drumglascigh, Teinacuile, Inchbrecky, Abercarny, Fowlis, Logy-almond, Gask, Miggerny, Mulineonan, Coisheville, Kirktown Weem, Machany, Orchil, Condie, Newtown, Rind, Nairne, Lohock, Colly John Foggo's, Colly Neil Stewarts, John Loan-head, Stob-hall, Kinclevin Stewart's, Meikleour Thomas, Willy Menzies, Priestown, Stanley, Taymount, House, Meikleour Town, Mill of Ratray, Coupar Angus, Brechin, Fordun, Ardblair, Kinloch, Balcairn, Easter Gourdy. Wester Gourdy, Kincairny, Stentown, sheal, Glen Derby, Lonbuan Lochgarry, Inver, Comm. Ja Bissets at Cairnies, Dungartle, Slockenhole, CraigBissets, Kinnaird, Killechangy, Portnacraig, Edra deynat, Buchlivy, Killern, Bridge of Ardoch, Mills of Auchterarder. THE YULE OF SAXON DAYS. (Continued from p. 104.) The Christian name of the first foot is also of importance, for the Christian name of the first person you see of the opposite sex on New Year's Day will be the name of your husband or wife. Nor must we forget the Lincolnshire rhyme (for in this county the Danish element largely predominated): Take out and then take in, Bad luck will begin ; Take in and then take out, Good luck will go about. One more curious custom throws light upon the significance attached to ivy. If the serving-man refused to fetch it in for the maidens' decorations, they were authorized by custom to seize a certain portion of his attire and nail it up by the highway. Like the knight deprived of his spurs, he was held to have forfeited his manhood. Never was there greater carnage in this island, When they conquered the Welsh, What have we in the graphic picture of the "stranger seated at his own fireside" but an allusion to the Yule too plain to be misunder stood? The chiefs of the North will lament in their councils confirms the double character which attached to the feast of Thor. In the Thing the chiefs of the North will lament their defeat, by the fireside it will not be related: a negative proof that it was the custom of the sea-kings to fight their battles o'er again, and narrate the wild tales of daring and adventure with which their lives abounded, whilst the Yule-log blazed. Even on the sheltered hearth the Yule-log was never less than four feet long, that the end which rested on the hearth and was not burning might form a warm seat for the little children of the family, as they listened wide-eyed to the spiritstirring war-song and the thrilling tale, until their In the north of England hunting the owl was the traditionary amusement for Christmas after-young hearts glowed with keen desire to emulate noon. There is a striking allusion to the Yule in the old war-song commemorating the battle of Brunanburb, "the great battle as it was called, when Ethelstane defeated Olaf, the last Danish King of Northumbria and a worshipper of Odin. I give the translation in modern English from Thierry's' History of the Conquest of England by the Normans': The Day of the Great Battle. King Ethelstane, the chief of chiefs, The giver of collars to the brave, And his brother the illustrious Edmond, Have fought at Brunanburh with the edge of the sword, They have cloven the wall of shields, They have struck down the warriors of renown, The race of the Scots, And the men of the ships. Olaf has fled, followed by few, And has wept upon the waves; the daring deeds and share the dangers which their sires had braved. What these weird tales might be who now can tell?— What he can brave who, born and nursed Of strife and death is hourly breaking, His fever'd hand must grasp in waking. According to the Yulinga Saga, although the fiercest kings of the sea, or the kings of the battle, never slept beneath a roof, and never drained the bowl on the sheltered hearth, yet it is evident that wherever the family existed, there the feast of Thor was kept beneath the sheltering roof of home. The dark pine forest was always at hand, and the arm which could wield the battleaxe could swing the woodman's axe with equal precision. If the sea-king or the still more savage war-king. The stranger when seated at his own fireside surrounded or Viking, felt a longing for wife and child, he had by his family Will not relate this battle, For in it his kinsmen have fallen, From it his friends have not returned; The chiefs of the north will lament in their councils, King Ethelstane and his brother Edmond but to choose his oë or his holm and fell the trees around him to build his dwelling stead, after the fashion of the log-built sæters which still mark the resting-places on the steep Norwegian mountains. From the high-water marks left upon the rocks on the Baltic coast, we know that there has been a sinking of the water and a rising of the land to so great an extent that in the days we are considering the whole of Scandinavia must have been penetrated by huge arms of the icy Baltic, The black raven with his pointed beak and the croaking giving it the appearance of a number of islands of toad, And the eagle hungering after white flesh, And the greedy kite, And the wild wolf of the woods. different forms and sizes, called respectively the "land," the "oë," and the "holm "; and it seems as if each freeman dwelt apart on his own islet. There is an old Danish ballad, 'The Elfin Grey,' translated from the Kæmpe Viser,' first published in 1591, evidently belonging to the days of the sea-king. Its quaint stanzas show us the Northmen at home, and beneath its elfin story we recognize the pagan rover and the Christian bondman, for amongst the rich spoils these dreaded pirates carried off there were long chains of men and women who became their slaves. Sometimes these poor creatures would renounce their Christian baptism, and swear, on the body of the horse offered to Odin, to worship the gods of the North, and join the band of their captors, like Hastings (said to be the son of a French villein), the adversary of Alfred the Great. Those who remained Christians became the bonders on the Norwegian farms, to till the land they might not leave without permission. The evil ways of the Berserkers at home-the fiercest of the Vikingsmight well appear demoniac in their estimation. The elfin grey of this curious ballad is obviously one of a band of Vikings, as he finally became a king in England. The husbande or bonder and the elves or Vikings had both retreated to the Wester Haf to winter : There ligge a wold in Wester Haf, There a husbande means to bigg, He taks wi' him baith hound and cock, The longer he means to stay, The wild deer in the shaws that are May sairly rue the day. (The wild deer and does i' the shaw out.) He's hew'd the beech, and he's fell'd the aik, And grim in mood was the gruesome Elf, (The wild deer and does i' the shaw out.) Syne speer'd the Elf in the knock that bade, Crean'd as an immert sma; "It a here is come a Christian man ; I'll fley him or he ga." (The wild deer and does i' the shaw out.) Very characteristic is the contempt of the elves, who dwelt in the knock or hill, for the Christian man. In provincial English we contrast the Christian and the brute; in Norway it is the Christian and the demon. In the firsten Elf who sneers at the bonder we recognize the leader and king, who has discovered his bonder assuming the rights of a freeborn man without his leave:It's up syne started the firsten Elf, And glowr'd about sae grim, "It's we'll awa to the husbande's house, And hold a court on him. (The wild deer and does i' the shaw out.) ANGLO-SAXON PLANT-NAMES.-Our ancestors had a curious habit of connecting the names of plants with those of various well-known animals. Our present habits are so different that many moderns are wholly unable to understand this. To them such names as fox-glove and hare-bell* seem entirely senseless, and many efforts, more ingenious than well directed, have been made to evade the evidence. Yet it is easily understood. The names are simply childish, and such as children would be pleased with. A child only wants a pretty name, and is glad to connect a plant with a more or less familiar animal. This explains the whole matter, and it is the reverse of scientific to deny a fact merely because we dislike or contemn it. This is not the way to understand the workings of the human mind, on which true etymology often throws much unexpected light. The right way to get at the truth of the matter is to be humble-to look at the evidence and try to learn from it. A teachable mind may gather much instruction from things which others regard as unworthy of any serious notice. It will be understood that I can produce my evidence; but it is tedious from its quantity. I * Not found in A.-S., but spelt harebelle in the fifteenth century. therefore refer readers to the glossary in the third by such names as the following: fox-docken, foxvolume of Cockayne's Anglo-Saxon Leechdoms,' fingers (Digitalis purpurea), fox-geranium, foxwhere the plant-names and references are given in grass, fox-rose, fox's brush, fox's claws, foxtail, full. Cockayne includes some names, such as foxtailed asparagus, foxtail grass. crane's-bill, which are not found in Anglo-Saxon or Middle English, but appear in early-printed herbals. These I pass over, and mention only such as are actually found in Anglo-Saxon or Early English. The following are examples. WALTER W. SKEAT. A HOUSE FOR WEDDINGS.-While recently perusing an old topographical work called the English Traveller' (London, 1746), my attention was arrested by a curious item in the article descriptive of Hertfordshire. In this, reference is made to a place called Braughing, a name now unrecognizable to me (I do not find it in such modern works as I have at hand). This village, we learn, boasted of a church, a "handsome building" with "a ring of five good bells." And habited by poor families, which was given, with all sorte near the churchyard is an old house, at present inof furniture, for weddings. They brought hither their provisions, and had a large kitchen, with a caldron, large spits and a dripping-pan, a large room for merriment, a lodging-room, with a bride-bed and good linen; some of which furniture was in being a few years ago.” This information is, I think, interesting enough to be embalmed in 'N. & Q. A house for weddings appears to be altogether a novelty in these days, but evidently such things were occasionally necessary in the good old times. I should much like to know whether these so-called "weddinghouses" obtained elsewhere. Briddes nest, bird's-nest, wild carrot; briddes tunge, Stellaria holostea; kattes minte, cat-mint; cicena mete, chicken-meat, chickweed; cockes fot, cock's foot, columbine; cocks hedys, cock's heads, melilot; colts foot, colt's foot; cow-rattle; cuslyppe, cu-sloppe, cowslip; cronesanke, crane's shank (Polygonum persicaria); crowe-pil, crowbill (Erodium moschatum); crowsope, crow-soap, latherwort; dog-fennel; efor -fearn, ever-fern (everboar), polypody; eofor-throtu, ever-throat, boar-throat, carline thistle; foxes clute, fox's clote, bur-dock; foxes fot, fox's foot (Sparganium simplex); foxes glofa, fox's glove; fugeles leac, fowl's leek; fugeles bean, fowl's bean, vetch; fugeles wise, larkspur; gauk-pintel, cuckoo-pintle (Arum maculatum); geaces sūre, cuckoo-sorrel; gate-trēow, goat-tree, cornel; haran hyge, hare's foot trefoil; haran wyrt, hare's wort; haran sprecel, (now) viper's bugloss; heorot-berge, hartberries, buckthorn-berries; heorot-brembel, hartbramble, buckthorn; heort clafre, hart- clover, medic; hind-berien, hind-berries, raspberries; hindbrer, hind-briar, raspberry plant; hind-halethe, CARDINAL MANNING'S YEAR OF BIRTH. water agrimony (named from the hind); hors-elene, In the first volume of his recent 'Life of Cardinal horse-elecampane; hors- thistel, horse - thistle, Manning,' Mr. Purcell maintains that he was born chicory; hound-berry; hundes cwelcan, berries of 15 July, 1807, and not 1808. In some correthe wayfaring tree; hundes heafod, hound's-head, spondence I had with the Cardinal about fifteen snapdragon; hundes tunge, hound's tongue; larkes fote, lark's foot, larkspur; lus-sēd, louse - seed, own birth as 15 July, 1808, and I have the note years ago, as to his pedigree, he wrote down his translating Gk. úλdiov; mūs-ēare, mouse-ear; now in his own handwriting. But Mr. Purcell næderwyrt, nadder-wort, adder-wort; oxes eye, ox-admits that the Cardinal "in his 'Diaries and eye; oxan slyppe, oxlip; oxna lib, ox-heal, hellebore; hrafnes fot, raven's foot; hrafnes leac, raven's leek, orchis; wulfes camb, wolf's comb; wulfes fist, lycoperdon; wulfes-tasl, wolf's teasle. Even this list is incomplete. I observe the omission of the following words, all of which are in the index to Wülker's 'Glossaries': lambes-cerse, lamb's cress; hors-minte, horse-mint; hundes rose, hound's rose, dog-rose; hundes fynkelle, hound's fennel; and there are probably more of them. Observe, further, that the above list contains only such names as had the luck to be recorded. The real number must have been very much greater. Thus, in connexion with the fox, we find, in Britten and Holland's excellent work on plant-names, that the Anglo-Saxon foxes clate, foxes fōt, and foxes glōfa are to be supplemented *Cockayne omits harebelle, hare-bell, which occurs in Wülker's Glossaries,' col. 715, 1. 7. C. P. HALE ["Braughing, a parish in Hertfordshire, 4,300 acres, pop. 1,246" (Imperial Gazetteer,' ed. 1873).] Journals,' in recording his birthday, always described the date as 15 July, 1808" (vol. i. Note A, p. 693); that the same error " is repeated in his letters to Robert Wilberforce; that in the Catholic Directory' the date was given, year after year, to the end, 15 July, 1808; that the same date was inscribed on his coffin and engraved on his tombstone, also, that at his matriculation at Balliol, in 1827, his age was entered as eighteen. All this evidence Mr. Purcell rejects, because Mr. Richmond, R.A., thought he was born in the same year as the Cardinal; and chiefly because, in a letter dated 1 Feb., 1832 (i. 693), Manning says, "I am by six months only qualified to take Orders." Mr. Purcell says, "The canonical age for taking orders is twenty-four." This is wrong. In the English Church the age is twenty-three. Manning was twenty-three years and six months old in February, 1832, and therefore was born in 1808. He would surely have known if he had |