LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1896. CONTENTS.-N° 214. REPLIES: Portraits of John Keats, 89-Latin Inscription welcome to me, and I determined, then and there, to purchased the whole collection-which is now carefully preserved in the Library of St. Paul's Cathedral. It comprises about a hundred volumes in folio or quarto, together with some loose sheets of manuscript matter. It may, perhaps, be of some interest to the readers of N. & Q.' if I were to give a short account of the collection, as it has never been calendered until I made the manuscript catalogue now lying before me. The most important part of the collection is the series of Returns to the Episcopal Visitation Questions. Many of these were in loose sheets, just as they came from the various rectors and vicars, filled up in the hand of the clergyman himself, and therefore forming an exceedingly valuable mass of material for the inner history of these two great dioceses in the first half of the eighteenth century. These separate returns are now bound into volumes; and there are in all thirty-one Players-"Halifax Law," 92-"The lungs of London". NOTES ON BOOKS:-Wheatley's 'Pepys's Diary'-Shel- Fotes. EDMUND GIBSON, BISHOP OF LONDON. In the spring of 1889 I received one day a visit from a stranger, who brought with him two or three volumes which he desired to submit to me for inspection. They formed, he said, a portion of a large mass of books and papers which had lain for years in four trunks in the wine-cellar of a firm of merchants in the City of London, by whom they had been given to his father, who was in the employ of the firm, to be disposed of as waste paper. One of the trunks contained also some clothes-an embroidered waistcoat, a pair of kneebreeches, and other articles of apparel which he did not particularly specify. Before disposing of the books and papers in the proposed manner, it occurred to him that he might as well show them to one or two people, in order to ascertain whether they were of any interest, and, if so, whether they might not be sold to greater advantage. With this object he brought to me some specimens of his stock. The very first volume which I handled was, to me at least, of high interest, for it was composed of the original Returns by Clergymen of the Diocese of Lincoln to Visitation Questions issued to them by their Bishop. Bishop Gibson, I ought to say, was Bishop of Lincoln from 1715-16, to 1723, and then Bishop of London from 1723 to 1748. The other specimen volumes were also very in Bishop Gibson's own time. They comprise Returns for Visitations in the Diocese of Lincoln in 1717, 1718, 1720, and 1721; and similar Returns for the Diocese of London for the Visitations of 1723, 1727, 1738, 1741, 1742, and 1747. In addition to these are two volumes of Returns relating to the Stipends of Curates and to other interesting matters in 1736. In the Antiquary for December, 1894, I have given a short account of these Returns, from which it will be seen that Passing rich on forty pounds a year was no poetical exaggeration. I tabulated the Returns relating to eighty-six curates, and (disregarding fees, which were very small, and, in some cases, taking no account of residences) I arrived at the conclusion that these gentlemen received in actual money an average amount of 321. 6s. each. The highest amount was 801., the lowest 10l., with fees in addition. It is right to say that in this particular case the value of the living was only 30%.; but the incumbent had other livings also. The Returns as to non-residence are also very curious. One or two rectors excuse their nonresidence on account of "the unwholesome air of that fenny country"; but these gentlemen had been so good as to place resident curates in these ill-favoured parishes; from which circumstance we are, of course, to infer that the air which was unhealthy for rectors was quite good enough for curates. But I do not desire to recapitulate what has already been written in the Antiquary. The gem of the collection was contained in a sort of commonplace book, manufactured very inexpensively by taking a quarto sermon preached before the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and disembowelling it-cutting away, that is to say, all the printed matter, and using the inner margins of clean paper as guards to which to affix the multifarious contents of the little volume. Here were to be seen-O joyful sight !—the original Vow made by King Charles I. at Oxford on 13 April, 1646, in which he promises to return to the Church the property of which it had been unjustly deprived, should it please God to restore him to his throne. It is signed in the king's own delicate hand. With it is a copy of the vow in the autograph of Archbishop Sheldon, by whom the original had been secretly preserved. And in addition to this treasure is the draft of a letter from Charles I. to his Queen Henrietta Maria, dated 3 Dec., 1644, in the king's writing, with many interlineations and corrections. A full account of these documents, with a facsimile of the Vow, will be found in the Archæologia of the Society of Antiquaries, vol. liii. These are, of course, the prizes of the collection; but there are also three or four of the bishop's letter-books, containing original letters received by him from the prelates of his day. These documents are not, indeed, of very high interest, for they are often only letters of thanks acknowledging the receipt of some charge or pamphlet which Bishop Gibson had sent to them. Amongst these are letters from Archbishop Wake, Bishops White Kennett of Peterborough, Waddington of Chichester, Hough of Worcester, Reynolds of Lincoln, Claggett of St. David's, Thos. Sherlock of Salisbury, Stillingfleet of Worcester, and many others. Another volume contains letters to and from Bishop Gibson and Lord Carteret, the Duke of Newcastle, Lord Townshend, and Sir Robert Walpole. Many manuscript volumes are filled with the various collections of the bishop-commonplace books, theological and historical; collections for his famous 'Codex'; collections for his edition of Camden's 'Britannia'; collections for the history of Convocation-testifying to the bishop's indomitable industry. The handwriting, though small, is clear and legible. It is not necessary to particularize the miscellaneous volumes which complete the series, as they are scarcely of sufficient general interest to merit a detailed account. I may, however, mention a fine folio volume of the Book of Common Prayer, printed in London in 1687, with notes in Bishop Gibson's hand. I may say that I was induced to prepare this paper partly in consequence of an inquiry as to the present possessor of the private papers and correspondence of Bishop Gibson inserted in a recent issue of N. & Q.' by MR. W. H. ABBOTT (8th S. viii. 487), and partly in reply to certain inquiries lately addressed to me by persons now residing in America. Very few of the papers in my custody come under the category of private correspondence; they are, for the most part, official, historical, or literary. But I am able to give a few details as to the Gibson family, which may be of use to the inquirers. A kindly lady correspondent of N. & Q.' has sent me the following list of children of Bishop Gibson who were alive in 1745, taken from a trial in Chancery of that date. These were: Mary Gibson (widow of Thomas Gibson); Rev. Edmund Gibeon; George Gibson, Esq.; Rev. William Gibson (sinecure rector of Llanfer); Robert Gibson, Esq.; Elizabeth Tyrwhitt (widow of the Rev. Robert Tyrwhitt, D.D.); Jane Gibson; Anne, wife of Rev. Christopher Wilson; to which list of names is added that of Margaret Gibson (deceased). The Dictionary of National Biography' says that the bishop was the son of Edmund Gibson, of Knipe, Bampton, Westmoreland, by his wife Jane Langbarne, and that he was baptized at Bampton, 19 Dec., 1669; adding that he was nephew and heir to Thomas Gibson, M.D., who died 16 July, 1722, aged seventy-five. But in one of the bishop's commonplace books is pasted what appears to be a copy of the register of his own baptism :— 1669, December the 16 was Edmond sone to Edmond Teste Tho. Knott. Maii 4to 1694. Gibson baptiz'd. Burgus Sci. Albani in Com. Hertford. J Memorand. quod ad curiam Maioris et Ald'iorum Burgi predicti Tent. in Communi Aula ejusdem Burgi die Mercurii (scilt.) decimo die Junii Anno Regni D'ni nostri Georgii Dei gratia Magnæ Brittaniæ ffranciæ et Hib'niæ Regis fidei Defensor, et decimo annoque D'ni 1724, Edmundus in Divina permissione Dominus Episcopus London admissus fuit et jurat liber Burgensis Burgi p'dicti, Tempore Joh'is Marshall Armigeri Majoris Burgi illiue. Edm. Aylward, N. Co'is ib'm. There seems good reason to believe, though I am not aware that there is absolute proof of the statement, that the bishop married Margaret Bettesworth, sister of John Bettesworth, Dean of the Arches from 1710 until 1751; and by her he had twelve children. A short notice of those who survived the bishop has been already given. But Faulkner, in his Historical and Topo graphical Account of Fulham,' printed in 1813, says that the bishop "married the sister of the wife of Dr. Bettesworth, Dean of the Arches, who died suddenly in her chair, Dec. 28, 1741." It does not seem to have occurred to this writer to examine the evidence afforded by the prelate's tomb. Bishop Gibson is buried in a vault in Fulham Churchyard, with this inscription: "Edmundus Gibson | Londinensis Episcopus | obiit 6° Sept. Anno Dom. 1748 | Etat. 79" (see Faulkner's 'Fulham"). In the nave, on the north wall, is a long inscription to his memory, printed in extenso by Faulkner, who, though he gives the bishop's coat of arms- Azure, three storks rising argent-does not say that this coat is surcharged with his wife's arms. By the courtesy of Mr. Bellasis I have seen a drawing of the coat in the library at Heralds' College. The lady's arms are a lion rampant (the colours are not indicated). Now, the arms of Betsworth, as given in Burke's Encyclopædia of Heraldry,' are, Azure, a lion rampant per fess gules and argent. From this it may be gathered with certainty that the bishop's wife was herself a Bettesworth and an heiress, and so, in all probability, the sister, and not the wife's sister, of the Dean of Arches. It is, of course, possible that the dean may have married a Bettesworth. Faulkner goes on to say that 'two of his sons were educated at Eton, and one died while a student at Clare Hall, Cambridge, and was buried in St. Edward's Church there." The Dr. Christopher Wilson who married Anne Gibson was "Fellow of Catharine Hall, Cambridge, and afterwards Prebendary of Westminster and St. Paul's and Rector of Halstead, in Essex. In 1783 he was advanced to the bishopric of Bristol; died in 1792, and was buried at Fulham." The same authority states that the bishop's uncle, Dr. Thomas Gibson, was physician-general to the army, and that he married Anne, a daughter of Richard Cromwell (Faulkner, p. 243, referring to Noble's 'Life of Cromwell,' i. 193). There is a short but interesting account of this Dr. Gibson in Dr. Munk's 'Roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London' (i. 387), where it is said that Anne was Richard Cromwell's youngest daughter, and that she died 7 Dec., 1727, her husband having died 16 July, 1722. In Lysons's Environs' (vol. ii. part i. p. 252) it is stated that the Rev. Dr. Edmund Gibson (son of the bishop) was buried at Fulham, 21 April, 1771; George Gibson, his grandson, in 1782; and several other members of the family are also there interred. The Rev. Dr. William Gibson, another son of the bishop, was married to Martha Loveday, a minor, in 1721, as may be seen in a Loveday pedigree in Heralds' College. The bishop's son, George Gibson, was receiver to several successive Bishops of London, and some of his accounts occur amongst these Gibson papers. I have in my custody the Bishop's Letters of Orders. He was ordained deacon by John Hough, Bishop of Oxford, on 19 May, 1694; and priest by Thomas Spratt, Bishop of Rochester, 30 May, 1697. And I have also his admission "in Officium Prælectoris in Ecclesia Parochiali Sancti Martini in Campis in Comitatu Middlesexiæ," by Henry Compton, Bishop of London, dated 30 March, 1705. I think that the bishop died at Bath on 6 Sept., 1748. To these details I am able to add, from the books in my charge, the following particulars of the children of Thomas Gibson and Mary his wife, which are authenticated by the father's signature, and may be of value to some of my American querists. Children of Thomas and Mary Gibson: Margaret, born 12 Oct., 1735, died 11 May, 1744; Eliza, born 25 Jan., 1737, died 14 March, 1766; Mary, born 19 March, 1738, died 25 Jan., 1739; Edmund, born 3 April, 1740; Jenny, born 20 Feb., 1740, died 24 July, 1777; Ann, born 8 Sept., 1742. The apparent difficulty as to the dates of the fourth and fifth entries will be solved by remembering that the year began in March. The Edmund of the above table married, on 5 Feb., 1765, Miss Mary Ann Gastine, who was born 21 Feb., 1744. They had issue: Children of Edmund and Mary Ann Gibson : Mary Ann, born 20 April, 1766, died 29 Jan., 1767; Jane, born 6 Aug., 1767, died 9 May, 1769; Frances, born 5 March, 1769; Elizabeth, born 25 March, 1772; Maria, born 25 Nov., 1773; Rebekah, born 27 Feb., 1776, died 29 April, 1779. Frances, the third in this table, married the Rev. Nicholas Isaac Hill, on 16 March, 1790. "Mary Ann Gibson, the beloved wife of the aforesaid Edmund Gibson, and truly excellent mother of these six poor children, died 27 May, 1779." Edmund Gibson married, as his second wife, on 19 Sept., 1786, Miss Ann Savage, who was born 9 Jan., 1750. They had issue: Edmund, born 1 June, 1782, died 30 April, 1783. Here the record ends; and here must end this desultory paper. W. SPARROW SIMPSON. THE 'GUARDIAN' JUBILEE.-The 21st of January, 1846, may well be regarded as a red-letter day in the annals of the English press, as being the birthday of two such papers as the Daily News and the Guardian. The Guardian last Wednesday week gave a special supplement to commemorate its anniversary, and, as in the case of the Daily News, we have been invited to take a peep behind the veil which usually preserves the anonymity of the editorial "we." This supplement opens with an account of the origin of the Guardian, and states that it was suggested by the ominous notices that followed the reception into the Roman Catholic Church of two distinguished converts-the Rev. J. B. Morris, well known to newspaper renders of that day under the initials N. E. S., and the Rev. J. Spencer Northcote, subsequently preacher of Oscott College. "For it was the secession of Newman which really gave birth to the Guardian. That startling incident-foreshadowed though it had been to the inner circle which knew him intimately fell like a thunderbolt on the outer world, and shook to its foundations the edifice of the Church revival." The early days of the Guardian, like those of most papers, were days of anxiety and hard struggle. There were only a few founders-Rogers (not yet Lord Blachford, but a leading official in the Colonial Office), James Mozley, Church, Mountague Bernard, and Thomas and Arthur Haddan. They were totally inexperienced in the handling of a newspaper, and invited James Holmes, the printer of the Athenæum, to take a share in the new venture and to print the paper. This, however, he declined. In July, 1846, its fortunes became so desperate that it was on the point of being added to the long list of dead journals, when, curiously enough, the paper which had been started to sustain a Church revival was saved from an early death by its appreciation of physical science. A review, in March, by Church, of The Vestiges of Creation,' had previously attracted the notice of Prof. Owen, and in October a vindication of Le Verrier's claim to the first public announcement of the new planet Neptune drew a grateful letter from the astronomer, caused the Guardian to be quoted in the Daily News, and thus brought it into general notice. Among the Guardian's contributors may be mentioned Manning, Henry Wilberforce, Lord Chief Justice Coleridge, Henry Coleridge, Beresford Hope, Chretien (of Oriel), Freeman (the historian), Mackarness, and Stafford Northcote, while he was private secretary to Mr. Gladstone. Its chief success is due to the indomitable energy and perseverance of Martin Richard Sharp, who, on 1 July, 1846, succeeded John Fullagar as publisher, in addition to which he took an active part in its direction, afterwards becoming editor, and so continued until his retirement in 1883. The first number of the Guardian was of the same size as the Saturday Review. It contained only sixteen pages, and was published at its present price of sixpence. On 29 April, 1846, the paper was enlarged, and has so continued. It is of interest to note the position taken by the Guardian on some leading questions. One of the first public events with which it had to deal was when Cardinal Wiseman announced the reconstitution of the Roman Catholic Church in England by the assignment of local titles to its prelates. The Guardian took the same line as Mr. Gladstone, 66 and opposed Lord John Russell's Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, pointing out the futility of the Papal Bull, and entirely refusing to be a party to any penal legislation against it. The rapid development of physical science, and its effect on theology and the Bible narrative, caused "alarm and "uncompromising opposition" to many. 'These impulses were never shared by the Guardian. It pleaded from the first for an open mind and a fair consideration." As regards the "Higher Criticism," it endeavoured to show that the direction in which this 'science' also 'is pointing' is one that may be used to help instead of hinder faith." On the question of national education the paper has given "a general support to Mr. Forster's Bill of 1870 in its original form, which, while it insisted on a Conscience Clause, left to the local managers the power of regulating the religious instruction. On the other hotly disputed points, both of which have since been acceptednamely, free education and compulsory attendance while we supported the Bill in its refusal to abolish the small fees paid by the parents, we only claimed for the managers of voluntary schools that they should have the same power of compelling attendance which was given to the School Boards." A word of praise should be accorded to the careful printing and handsome appearance of the jubilee number. Both paper and type are excellent. It may be well to note that there is no truth in the statement that Mr. Gladstone is, or ever has been, connected with the Guardian, although he has been a constant reader almost from its commencement. JOHN C. FRANCIS. TRILBY. This name seems to have been introduced into France by Charles Nodier in a nouvelle entitled 'Trilby; ou, le Lutin d'Argail,* published in 1822. In or about 1821 Nodier had travelled in Scotland (his account of his journey appeared in 1821), and it was then that the first idea of Trilby' came up in his mind. The preface to it begins with, "Le sujet de cette nouvelle est tiré d'une préface ou d'une note des romans de Sir Walter Scott, je ne sais pas lequel." He does not say, however, that he borrowed the name of Trilby from Sir Walter Scott, but, if he did not, he probably heard it in Scotland, as there are few Frenchmen now, and there were many fewer then, capable of inventing such a thoroughly English-sounding name as Trilby. I have not succeeded in finding the name in Sir W. Scott, but I am not remarkable for patience, and it may well be there in some novel published before 1821. Trilby, as the sub-title indicates, was one of *This spelling is no mistake of Nodier's. He has with the spelling of other Scotch names, simply, as he tells written "Argail pour Argyle" and has taken liberties us in his preface, "pour éviter de ridicules équivoques de prononciation, ou des consonnances désagréables." those little house sprites which are still believed in in some parts of Germany, and which in Ch. Nodier's time were, he tells us, commonly believed in in Scotland also, as, indeed, for aught I know, they may be still. Trilby had attached himself particularly to the house of a fisherman, for the very good reason that he had fallen in love with Jeannie, the fisherman's wife. He showed his affection by milking the cows the first thing in the morning and by performing all sorts of household duties. He was, in fact, Jeannie's little henchman (if my derivation of this last word is correct), and a most sweet and attentive little fellow. But I do not write this note for the purpose of recounting Nodier's tale, which covers more than fifty closely printed pages; I write simply for the purpose of inquiring why Mr. Du Maurier has chosen to give the name of a male sprite to the heroine of his famous novel. The name Trilby, it is true, is not infrequently given in France to a horse or a dog; but here again we meet with the same difficulty, for it is always a male horse and a male dog that receives this name. Of this I have assured myself by inquiry among French friends. I can only conclude, therefore, that Mr. Du Maurier called his heroine Trilby because he wished to portray in her a being who had in her all the qualities of Nodier's Trilby,* and who, though erratic and Bohemian (and so sprite-like), was yet vivacious, tender, loving, and devoted. F. CHANCE. Sydenham Hill, patience of his helpmeet was completely exhausted, and, Ebberston Vicarage, York. MISS PRIDEAUX, ACTRESS. —A brief memoir of this lady was published in 'The Secret History of the Green Room' (third edition, 1793, i. 223), which, in a still more condensed form, has been copied other collections of dramatic biography. Her into The Thespian Dictionary,' and probably father, John Prideaux, was the son of Sir John Prideaux, Bart., of Netherton Hall, co. Devon, by his wife the Hon. Anne Vaughan, eldest daughter of John, Viscount Lisburne, by Lady Mallet Wilmot, daughter of John, Earl of Rochester, from whom his great-granddaughter may have inherited some of her Bohemian tendencies. John Prideaux, after serving for some years in the Foot Guards, was appointed colonel of the 55th Regiment, and was sent, with the rank of brigadier-general, to North America in 1758. He was accidentally killed at Niagara on 19 July, 1759. By his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Rolt, of Sacombe Park, Herts, and sister of Sir Edmund Bayntun Rolt, Bart., of Spye Park, Wilts, he left a youthful family, consisting of two daughters and three sons, the eldest of whom succeeded bis grandfather in the baronetcy in 1766. Of the two daughters, which was the actress. The family tradition is Elizabeth Constantia and Maria, I am not sure that the widowed mother was a worldly, heartless, extravagant woman, and the children were left very much to shift for themselves. Miss Prideaux found a home in the house of Mr. Edward Chichester, of Northover, co. Somerset, who had married her aunt, Elizabeth Prideaux, and chiefly resided in one of the houses in Upper East Hayes, almost opposite Grosvenor Place, Walcot, Bath. This gentleman is said in 'The Secret History' to have been "remarkable only for his great fortune and parsimony." While residing at Bath, Miss Prideaux accidentally made the acquaintance of Mrs. Abington, "who flattered her abilities, and prevailed on her to attempt the stage, to which she was previously much disposed, as well from inclination as from a wish of freeing herself from a If the following, from the 'Cyclopædia of Lite-disagreeable dependence." The Bath Theatre had rary and Scientific Anecdote (Richard Griffin & Co.) be correct, he must have been a man of indomitable pluck : ROBERT AINSWORTH.-In 'N. & Q,,' 2nd S. ix. 395, I find the following: "Lastly, Ainsworth, whose annotations were published in 1618." Am I wrong in supposing this statement to contain an anachronism; or were there two men of the same surname writing in two distinct centuries, and treating on words and lexicography? Robert Ainsworth was born near Manchester in 1660, and about 1714 he is said to have been begun to make collections for his 'Latin Dictionary,' which was published in 1736. Herne ('Reliquiæ Hernianæ,' ed. Bliss, vol. iii. p. 151) says: "I was told yesterday, by a gentleman of Brazen-nose College, that Mr. Aynsworth hath finished and printed his Dictionary, but that 'tis not yet published." There are other references in Hearne to Ainsworth and his dictionary. "When Mr. Ainsworth was engaged in the laborious work of his Dictionary of the Latin language, his wife made heavy complaints at enjoying so little of his society. When he had reached the letter S of his work, the * A sprite, after all, even though represented as a male, evokes but very slightly the idea of sex, been rebuilt, with many improvements, by Mr. John Palmer, and in the season of 1787-8 was under the management of the lessee, Mr. William Wyatt Dimond. I am informed by Mr. R. E. M. Peach, whose knowledge of Bath and its history is unsurpassed, that Miss Prideaux made her debut in the early part of October as Miss Alscrip in Burgoyne's Heiress,' and that on the 17th of the same month she made her second and last |