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EGYPT. Dette publique. See COMMISSION.

Egypt. See articles on Egypt in the Encyclopædia Britannica Encyclopædia Londinensis The English EncyclopædiaNew Cyclopædia-Dictionary of Arts and Sciences-The British Encyclopædia-The Edinburgh Encyclopædia―The Imperial Encyclopædia-Encyclopædia MetropolitanaEncyclopædia Edinensis - Encyclopædia Perthensis The London Encyclopædia-The Penny Cyclopædia - The Popular Encyclopedia; or, "Conversations Lexicon "The English Cyclopædia, conducted by Charles Knight-Encyclopædia Americana-Encyclopédie; ou Dictionnaire raisonné-Encyclopédie Méthodique - Encyclopédie des Gens du Monde Encyclopédie du XIX° siècle -Conversations Lexicon-Deutsche Encyclopädie oder allgemeines Real-Wörterbuch aller Kunste und Wissenschaften-Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste Enciclopedia Española - Biblical Cyclopædia (Eadie)—Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature (Kitto)-Dictionary of the Bible (Dr. W. Smith's: Article Egypt, by R. Stuart Poole, LL.D., of the British Museum).

Articles reprinted from The Times newspaper, 1883; and The Times Register of Events, 1884, 1885.

Index to The Times newspaper; headings Egypt, etc. [By Samuel Palmer.]

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The Graphic, vol. 26, 1882, pp, 242, 466, 530; also vol. for 1883, 1884, 1885.

The Illustrated London News, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885; and other newspapers.

Egypt, a descriptive poem. See SALT (Henry).

Egypt after the War. The Saturday Review, vol. 56, 1883, p. 835.

Egypt, Ancient and Modern. The Saturday Review, vol. 20, 1865, p. 733.

Egypt and France. The Graphic, vol. 26, p. 122.

Egypt and Syria, Caravan Route between. Translated from the German by Dr. Hesse Wartegg. London, 1881. 8°.

Egypt and the Soudan. See NILE.

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Egypt in 1883. Foreign paragraphs in The Spectator, vol. 56, 1883: Army, satisfactory account of, p. 1366-Baker, General, starts for Suakim, p. 1646 Baring, Major E., to be Consul-General, p. 661; interviewed by Standard correspondent, p. 1238; and the European colony, p. 1303-Cholera in, increase of, pp. 854, 886; spread of, p. 950; decline of, pp. 982, 1046; Dr. J. M. Lownds upon, p. 1047; not Asiatic cholera, p. 1079Colvin, Sir A., to be Finance Adviser, p. 70; condition of Egypt very bad, pp. 1174, 1605— Control, the dual, at an end, pp. 37, 70; baseness of French proposition, p. 37-Dufferin, Lord, not to return to Egypt, p. 471-England, rage of the Paris press against, p. 853 -Forrest, Mr. D., on the "Short-sight" of Egyptians, p. 246-Indemnity, to be paid, p. 246-Ismail, ex-Khedive, p. 821-James, Mr. F. L., on the Arab tribes, p. 1646—Pall Mall Gazette and the occupation, p. 1681Palmer, Professor, pension to his family, p. 38-Peasantry, indebtedness of, p. 277Prisons, crowded state of, pp. 1175, 1302Suleiman Sami, execution of, p. 757-Sultan intriguing in, p. 726.-War, cost of, to England, p. 309-Wood, Sir E., on forming an Egyptian army, p. 1302.

Egypt in 1884. Foreign paragraphs in The Spectator, vol. 57, 1884: Assiout, Mutiny of a Turkish battalion at, p. 934-Baker Pasha's movements, p. 141-Conference on Finance proposed, p. 537; the asserted intentions of the British Government, p. 1565-Franco's, Mr., letter in the Daily News, p. 902-Gordon, Gen., at Cairo, p. 105; his letter to the Mudir of Dongola, p. 1030 Northbrook, Lord, on the army, p. 1331; his Report on the Finances, p. 1534-Nubar Pasha, p. 473; on himself, p. 538-Rowsell, Mr., on the Land

tax, p. 731-Sinking Fund, The, suppression of, p. 1121; protest against, by the Powers, p. 1254 Suez Canal, proposal to lease it

to the British Government, p. 271; M. de Lesseps' triumph in connection with, p. 697.

EGYPT. Egypt, bound and unbound, in 1881. Edinburgh Review, vol. 153, p. 336.

Egypt under Ismail Pasha. See JERROLD (W. B.).

Egypt [with "Asia," "Cintra," and other poems]. [London, 1810?] 16o.

Égypte. Tribunaux mixtes.-Procès Papadopoulo. Oppression des Fellahs et protection consulaire. Paris. 8°.

[CONTENTS: Supplément du droit (gazette des tribunaux égyptiens mixtes)-Tribunaux Mixte du Caire-Justice sommaire-Jugement 57-A. Salam Awad C. Costandi Papadopoulo-B. Youssef Abou Cassab-C. Costandi Papadopoulo C. 1° Salam Awad. 2° Youssef Abou Cassab. 3° Sanad Kafaghi -C. Constandi Papadopoulo-D. Salam Awad, Youssef Abou Cassab et Sanad Kafaghi-C. Constandi Papadopoulo-Extraits des pièces du procèsSystème de spoliation-Violences dont furent victimes -Salam Awad-Youssef Abou Cassab-Mohammed Barakat-Hussein Hachiche-Abdel Salam El Ouaer (Cheik)-L'Omda-Papadopoulo usurier-Whitworth frères-C. Aly Massan, Aly el Nagui, Moafi Mohammed, Moustapha el Bassioumi et Aly el Bassioumi, fellahs.]

Egypten. Seine politische Bedeutung für Oesterreich-Ungarn und Deutschland. 8o. pp. 81. Wien, 1882.

Campagne

Étude militaire sur l'Égypte. des Anglais en 1882. pp. 32. Paris et Limoges [printed], 1883. 16°.

[Part of the "Petite Bibliothèque de l'Armée Française."]

[CONTENTS: Importance de l'Egypte Géographie de l'Egypte Hydrographie-Orographie-ClimatAgriculture et Industrie-Population-Système de défense de l'Egypte Principales causes 'du mouvement national en Egypte Etude stratégique du Delta Concentration des forces-Commencement des hostilités-Les Anglais changent la base de leurs opérations-Bataille de Kassassim-Bataille de Telel-Kebir.]

Evacuation of Egypt. The Spectator, vol. 56, 1883, p. 1337.

History. - Syriæ, Palestinæ, Arabiæ, Ægypti, Schondiæ, Holmiæ historia, variis auctoribus antiquis, Strabone, Plinio, Antonio, Josepho, divo Hieronymo, et Joan. Leon Arab grammatico, locupletata. Argentorati, 1532. fol.

The History of the Year: a complete Narrative of the Events of the immediate past, full, popular, and accurate.

London (Cassell), 1883, etc. 8°.

Institut d'Égypte.

Paris, an VIII., XI. (1799, 1803.) 8o.

VOL. I.

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[CONTENTS: Arrivée en Egypte-AdministrationArmée-Religion-Les Européens en Egypte-Les habitants-Le pays-Le Canal de Suez.]

Letters from Egypt. The Academy, vol. 25, 1884, pp. 51, 84.

Lettres sur la Palestine, la Syrie, l'Égypte, etc. Traduites de l'Anglais. Paris, 1820. 8°. Life in Ancient Egypt-3000 years ago. Sharpe's London Magazine, vol. 26, p. 8.

Manners and Customs of Modern Egypt. Eclectic Review, vol. 66, p. 345.

Maps. See ADMIRALTY and GEOGRAPHY.

Meine Schicksale in Syrien, Aegypten, und Arabien. Erfurt, 1810. 8°.

Modern Egypt. American Quarterly Review, vol. 6, p. 50; Foreign Quarterly Review, vol. 7, p. 307; Fraser's Magazine, vol. 21, p. 319; Littell's Museum of Foreign Literature, vol. 10, p. 97; Penny Magazine, vol. 5, p. 427; Quarterly Review, vol. 30, p. 481; Southern Review, new series, vol. 19, p. 407; Westminster Review, vol. 6, p. 158.

Modern Egypt and Modern Egyptians. Edinburgh Review, vol. 65, p. 146.

My Window in Egypt. Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, vol. 33, p. 97.

News from Egypt up to July 11, 1884. The Spectator, vol. 57, 1884, p. 907. Occupation of Egypt. The Spectator, vol. 56, 1883, p. 1016.

Pachas. See SULTANS. Histoire abrégée.

Parliamentary Papers on Egypt. Political article. The Saturday Review, vol. 55, 1883, p. 227.

Photographs of the Country and its Monuments. See BONFILS (F.). Albums photographiques des Monuments et des Sites les plus célèbres de l'Orient. (Égypte, 50 planches; Nubie, 50 planches.)

EGYPT. Political Articles on Egypt. The Saturday Review, vol. 53, 1882, pp. 3, 63, 126, 162, 192, 315, 381, 583, 615, 649, 681, 716, 749, 783; vol. 54, 1882, pp. 1, 33, 163, 455, 489, 521, 555, 588, 620, 652, 683, 840; vol. 55, 1883, pp. 34, 97, 129, 294, 582, 750; vol. 56, 1883, pp. 161, 453, 554, 681, 815; vol. 57, 1884, pp. 65, 99, 131, 235, 266, 329, 361, 395, 428, 464, 496, 525, 559, 593, 663; vol. 58, 1884, pp. 39, 73, 102, 132, 197, 235, 300, 331, 365, 389, 425, 455, 517, 551, 579, 615, 682, 712, 743, 771, 797.

Politics. See The Saturday Review, 1884, pp. 39, 73, 102, 132, 197, 235, 300, 331, 365, 389, 425, 455, 517, 551, 579, 615, 682, 712, 743, 771, 797.

Some Observations on Egypt. The Builder, vol. 19, p. 118.

The Egypt of the Past. The Builder, vol. 41, p. 533.

-The Egyptian Chaos. The Saturday Review, vol. 57, 1884, p. 1.

The Egyptian Policy of the Government, Meeting to condemn. Illustration in The Graphic, 1884, vol. 29, p. 173.

The English Occupation. The Spectator, vol. 56, 1883, p. 1013.

The Fall of Nineveh, Tyre, and Egypt. [1835?] 12o.

The Guidance of Egypt. Political article. The Saturday Review, vol. 55, 1883, p. 390.

The Hour in Egypt. The Spectator, vol. 56, 1883, p. 827.

The Latest Plan for Egypt. The Spectator, vol. 56, 1883, p. 73.

The New Departure in Egypt. The Spectator, vol. 57, 1884, p. 41.

The Situation in Egypt. The Spectator, vol. 56, 1883, p. 1608.

The State of Egypt. The Saturday Review, vol. 58, 1884, p. 3.

The Triumphs of the Cross; or Penitent of Egypt. [A poem] in eight books. Birmingham, 1786. 8°.

Then and Now in Egypt. vol. 26, 1882, p. 99.

The Graphic,

Two Books on Egypt. Macmillan's Magazine, No. 290, Dec. 1883.

Ueber die jetzigen Bewohner Aegyptens, übersetzt aus: Missionary Register, Mai, 1832. Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes, Berlin, 1832, pp. 307, 308.

Ueber die neueste Kunde von Aegypten, verglichen mit der älern. Geographische Ephemeriden, Bd. xxiv., 1807, pp. 171, 249. Upper Egypt. Notes from Upper Egypt. The Athenæum, vol. 23, 1883, p. 210.

EGYPT. Upper Egypt, Sketches of. The Illustrated London News, vol. 84, 1884, p. 120.

War, 1882, etc. Retrospect. See TIMES, The. Western Influence in Egypt. North British Review, vol. 29, p. 149; Eclectic Magazine, vol. 45, p. 433.

EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND. The Academy, vol. 23, 1883, p. 426b; vol. 24, p. 15 ("Naville on Pithom-Succoth "); vol. 25, 1884, pp. 155, 192, 210, 249, 320, 392, 422, 428, 446; vol. 26, 1884, pp. 34, 66, 112, 191, 277, 311, 383.

Publications. 1. NAVILLE (E.). The Store City of Pithom, and the Route of the Exodus. 13 plates and 2 maps. 1885. 4o.—II. PETRIE (W. M. F.). Tanis. Pt. 1. 1883-84. 19 plates and plans. 1885. 4°.-III. Naucratis. 1884-5.-IV. Goshen. 1884-5.-v. Tanis. Pt. 2. (In preparation, 1885.)

EGYPTIAN. The Egyptian Card Castle. The Saturday Review, vol. 56, 1883, p. 647.

Egyptian Facts and Fancies. The Saturday Review, vol. 56, 1883, p. 592.

The New Egyptian Frontier. The Graphic, vol. 31, 1885, p. 482.

-The Egyptian Gazette. (English.) Published at Alexandria.

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Tirée des

Histoire ou Vie de Sethos. monumens. Anecdotes de l'ancienne Égypte. Traduite d'un manuscrit Grec. 2 vol. Amsterdam, 1732. 8o.

How I became an Egyptian. Dublin University Magazine, vol. 46, p. 610; Living Age, vol. 48, p. 97.

Egyptian Martyr: a Tale. Temple Bar, vol. 48, p. 258.

Egyptian Method. Suggestions for the application of the Egyptian Method to modern history; illustrated by examples. London, 1862. 8°.

Egyptian Notes. The Athenæum, vol. 23, 1883, p. 335.

Egyptian Patriot (The). Newspaper, in English and Arabic, published at Paris. No. 1, Sept. 29th, 1883. 4°. (Lithographed. Abou-Naddara, Editor; G. Lefebre, Gérant.)

The Egyptian. By the Author of "The Jew." London, 1845. 16°.

EGYPTIAN QUESTION. La question Égyptienne. pp. 39. Paris, 1881. 8°. -La question Égyptienne devant la nation.

Pas d'intervention. Par un officier de l'armée française. pp. 32. Paris (Marpon), 1882. 8°. [CONTENTS: Avant-propos. 1. La Mer RougeCanal de Suez-Port-Saïd et Suez-Importance du Commerce et de la Navigation de Port-Saïd. Politique de l'Angleterre dans la Mer Arabique depuis la fin du siècle dernier. III. Côtés vulnérables de l'Empire des Indes. IV. L'Intervention au point de vue militaire-Conclusion.]

II.

Plain Words on the Egyptian Question. pp. 20. London (National Press Agency),

[1882?] 8°.

[The point of view-The facts of the case-Conclusions.]

Egypt and the Egyptian Question. The Athenæum, Oct. 27, 1884; The Academy, Nov. 10, 1884; Edinburgh Review, Jan. 1884; British Quarterly Review, Jan. 1, 1884; Nation, Jan. 1884; Harper's Monthly Magazine, Feb. 1884.

See SUEZ CANAL AND EASTERN QUESTIONS. EGYPTIAN RED BOOK. The Egyptian Red Book. Illustrated. pp. 30. Edinburgh and London (Blackwood), 1885. 8°. [A satire; twelve page cartoons, with frontispiece and tailpiece, and portrait of General Gordon, accompanied by annotated entries from the Blue Books and Hansard's Parliamentary Debates, Sept. 1882 to 26 Jan. 1885. Frontispiece: The Egyptian Puzzle. Cartoons: The never-victorious army-The sleeping beauties-The military authorities - The Egyptian expedition-The three graves-The mummy government-The pious editur-Abandoned-Rescue and retire-The Nile picnic-Neither rescue nor retireMelencolia. Kicked out.]

EGYPTIANS. Among the Egyptians. Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, vol. 42, p. 635. Égyptiens et des Grecs. 2 vol. Plates. Paris, 1809-21. 8°.

The Ancient Egyptians. Church Quarterly Review.

Turks, Spaniards, and Egyptians. Tinsley's Magazine, vol. 19, p. 141.

See INDIANS. Expositione degli insonii secondo la interpretatione de Indy . . . et Egyptii, etc. 1546. 8°.

EGYPTIAN SITUATION.

The Egyptian

Situation. The Saturday Review, vol. 54, 1882, p. 423.

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EHRENBERG (CHRISTIAN GOTTFRIED). Beitrag zur Charakteristik der libyschen Wüste. Abhandlungen der Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physicalische Klasse, 1830, p. 84.

Der Nil und die Landbildung im Delta. Monatsbericht der Berlin. Gesellschaft für Erdkunde, IX., 1852, p. 32.

Die Akalephen des Rothen Meeres und der Organismus der Medusen der Ostsee erläutert und auf Systematik angewandt. Ein Vortrag gehalten in der Königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften am 18. Juni 1835. Mit 8 colorirten Kupfertafeln in fol. und 1 Tab. (Naturreich des Menschen, oder das Reich der willensfreien beseelten Naturkörper) in fol. Berlin (Dümmler), 1836. 4o.

Die Corallenthiere des Rothen Meeres physiologisch untersucht und systematisch verzeichnet. Eine in der Königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften am 3. März 1831 vorgelesene Abhandlung mit einigen Zusätzen gedruckt im Dec. und Jan. 1834.

Berlin (Dümmler), 1834. 4°. Mit 1 Tab. fol.

Ueber den Cynocephalus und den Sphinx der Aegypter, und über das Wechselverhältniss des Affen und Menschen. Mit 4 Tafeln. Aus den Abhandlungen der Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin (Dümmler), 1834. 4°.

Ueber die Natur und Bildung der Coralleninseln und Corallenbänke im Rothen Meere. Eine in der Königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften am 22. März 1832 gelesene, im Februar 1834 revidirte und gedruckte Abhandlung. Berlin (Dümmler), 1834. 4°.

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and HEMPRICH (FRIEDRICH WILHELM). Naturgeschichtliche Reisen durch Nord-Africa und West-Asien in den Jahren 1820-25. Historischer Theil: Reisen in Aegypten, Libyen, Nubien und Dongula. 1 Bd. 1 Abtheilung. Mit 1 Landkarte und 1 colorirten Ansicht des Libischen Wüsten-Abfalles. Berlin (Mittler), 1828. 4°.

Symbolae physicae, seu icones et descriptiones Mammalium, Avium, Insectorum et animalium evertebrat., quae ex itinere per Africam borealem et Asiam occidentalem studio novae aut illustr. redierunt. Auch unter dem Titel: Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam, Aegyptum, Ñubiam, Dongolam, Syriam, Arabiam et Habessiniam, annis MDCCCXX.-MDCCCXV. redierunt. Berolini (Reimer), 1829-1845. fol.

...

1. Mammalia. Decas I. II. (10 illuminirte Kupfertaf. und zusammen 30 Bogen Text.) 1828; 1833. II. Aves. Decas I. (10 illuminirte Kupfertaf. und 30 Bogen Text.) 1828.

III. Insecta; recensuit Fr. Klug. Decas I.-V. (10 illuminirte Kupfertaf. und zusammen 46 Bogen Text.) 1829, 30, 32, 34, 45.

IV. Animalia evertebrata. Decas I. (10 meist illuminirte Kupfertaf. und 32 Bogen Text.) 1828.

EHRMANN (DANIEL). Geschichte der Israeliten von d. urältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart. 3. Auflage. pp. 132. Wien (Gerold), 1884. 8°.

EHRMANN (THEOPHIL FRIEDRICH). Geschichte

der merkwürdigsten Reisen, welche seit dem zwölften Jahrhunderte zu Wasser und zu Land unternommen worden sind. 20 Band. Frankfurt am Main, 1798. 8°.

[Contains extracts from Travels in Egypt by-(1.) Fürer von Haimendorf, 1565, pp. 23-31; (II.) Breuning von Buchenbach, 1571, pp. 32-45; (m.) Della Valle, 1615, pp. 46-66; (IV.) Vansleben, 1672, pp. 67-83; (v.) Paul Lucas, 1699, 1707, pp. 81-132; (VI.) Norden, 1737, p. 185; (VII.) Pococke, 1737, pp. 186-201; (VIII.) Niebuhr, pp. 202-216; (Ix.) Irwin, 1777, pp. 217-429.]

See GALLAND (A.). GIRARD (A.). LOBO (J.).

EICHHORN (J. GOTTFRIED). Antiqua historia. 4 vol. Lipsia, 1811. 8°. [Tome II. Africa.] De Aegyptiorum anno mirabili. (From the Commentationes Societ. Reg. Scient. Goetting. recentior. Tom. IV.) Goettingae, 1820. 40.

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EISENBAHNEN. See RAILWAYS.

Du

EISENLOHR (Dr. AUGUST). An Egyptian Historical Monument. Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Nov. 1880 to June 1881.

Analytische Erklärung des demotischen Theils der Rosettana. Th. I. [all published]. pp. 64. Leipzig, 1869. 4°.

Aus dem Grossen Papyrus Harris. Zeitschrift für Aegyptische Sprache, 1873.-Fortsetzung, 1874.

Der doppelte Kalender des Herrn Smith. Zeitschrift für Aegyptische Sprache, 1870.

Der grosse Papyrus Harris. Ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Aegyptischen Geschichte, ein 3000 Jahr altes Zeugniss für die mosaische Religionsstiftung enthaltend. Vortrag von Dr. A. E. pp. 38. Leipzig, 1872. 120.

Des Mesures Égyptiennes, résultat des études du Papyrus Mathématique du Musée Britannique. (Transactions of the 2nd session of the International Congress of Orientalists, London, Sept. 1874.)

Die Photographie im Dienste der Aegyptischen Sprachforschung. (Augsb. Allg. Zeitung, Nr. 286-92.)

Ein mathematisches Handbuch der alten
Aegypter (Papyrus Rhind das
das British
Museum) übersetzt und erklärt. 2 Bde. I.
Commentar; I. 24 autogг. Tafeln. pp. ii. 296.
Leipzig (Hinrichs), 1877. 4°. and fol

[Dieses Werk enthält die vollständige Uebersetzung und Erklärung eines der merkwürdigsten literarischen Erzeugnisse der höchsten Alterthums. Diese aus dem Nachlasse des Hrn. Rhind stammende, jetzt im British Museum aufbewahrte, in hieratischer Schrift abgefasste Papyrusrolle, ist beiläufig 1700 Jahre vor Christi Geburt nach dem Vorbild einer älteren Schrift verfasst, welch letztere bis 2000 vor Chr. hinaufreicht. Sie enthält eine für die Bedürf nisse des Landmannes zurechtgemachte Darstellung der verschiedenen Theile der Mathematik: Arithmetik, Stereometrie und Geometrie. Im Einklang mit der Bestimmung des Buches und seinem hohen Alter ist die Behandlung des Stoffes keine streng wissenschaftliche. Statt der Begründung von Lehrsätzen und der Darstellung von Rechenmethoden finden wir, dem praktischen Character des ägyptischen Volkes entsprechend, die mathematischen Lehren nur in Beispielen vorgetragen. Diese Bei

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