created, according to the dates of their creations; and that all peerages both of Great Britain and Ireland now subsisting or hereafter to be created shall in all other respects from the date of the union be considered as peerages of the United Kingdom; and that the peers of Ireland shall, as peers of the United Kingdom, be sued and tried as peers, except as aforesaid, and shall enjoy all privileges of peers as fully as the peers of Great Britain, the right and privilege of sitting in the House of Lords and the privileges depending thereon, and the right of sitting on the trial of peers, only excepted.

ARTICLE FIFTH.1

THE CHURCHES OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND TO BE UNITED INTO ONE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, AND THE DOCTRINE OF THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND TO REMAIN AS NOW ESTABLISHED.-That it be the Fifth Article of Union, that the churches of England and Ireland as now by law established be united into one Protestant Episcopal Church, to be called the United Church of England and Ireland; and that the doctrine, worship, discipline and government of the said united Church, shall be and shall remain in full force for ever, as the same are now by law established for the Church of England; and that the continuance and preservation of the said united Church, as the established Church of England and Ireland, shall be deemed and taken to be an essential and fundamental part of the union; and that in like manner the doctrine, worship, discipline and government of the Church of Scotland shall remain and be preserved as the same are now established by law and by the Acts for the union of the two kingdoms of England and Scotland.

1 The union between the Churches of England and Ireland was dissolved, and the Church of Ireland disestablished, by 32 & 33 Vict. c. 42. (Irish Church Act, 1869.) ARTICLE SIXTH.2

THE SUBJECTS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND SHALL BE ON THE SAME FOOTING IN RESPECT OF TRADE AND NAVIGATION, AND IN ALL TREATIES WITH FOREIGN Powers the SUBJECTS OF IRELAND SHALL HAVE THE SAME PRIVILEGES AS BRITISH SUBJECTS.-That it be the Sixth Article of Union, that his Majesty's subjects of Great Britain and Ireland shall from and after the first day of January one thousand eight hundred and one be entitled to the same privileges and be on the same footing, as to encouragements and bounties on the like articles, being the growth, produce or manufacture of either country respectively, and generally in respect of trade and navigation in all ports and places in the United Kingdom and its dependencies; and that in all treaties made by his Majesty his heirs and successors, with any foreign power, his Majesty's subjects of Ireland shall have the same privileges and be on the same footing as his Majesty's subjects of Great Britain:

2 So much of this Article as relates to the schedules thereto, rep. 34 & 35 Vict. c. 116 (S.L.R.). FROM JANUARY 1, 1801, ALL PROHIBITIONS AND BOUNTIES ON THE EXPORT OF ARTICLES THE PRODUCE OR MANUFACTURE OF EITHER COUNTRY TO THE OTHER SHALL CEASE. That from the first day of January one thousand eight hundred and one all prohibitions and bounties on the export of articles, the growth, produce or manufacture of either country, to the other shall cease and determine; and that the said articles shall thenceforth be exported from one country to the other without duty or bounty on such export:

ALL ARTICLES THE PRODUCE OR MANUFACTURE OF EITHER COUNTRY, NOT HEREINAFTER ENUMERATED AS SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DUTIES, SHALL BE IMPORTED INTO EACH COUNTRY FROM THE OTHER DUTY FREE, OTHER THAN THE COUNTERVAILING DUTIES IN THE SCHEDULE No. 1, OR TO SUCH AS SHALL HEREAFTER BE IMPOSED BY THE UNITED PARLIAMENT. That all articles, the growth, produce or manufacture of either country (not herein-after enumerated as subject to specific duties), shall from thenceforth be imported into each country from the other free from duty other than such countervailing duties on the several articles enumerated in the schedule number one A. and B. hereunto annexed as are therein specified, or to such other countervailing duties as shall hereafter be imposed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, in the manner herein-after provided;

[Paragraph 4 (duties on calicoes and muslins) rep. 34 & 35 Vict. c. 116 (S.L.R.).]

ARTICLES OF THE PRODUCE OR MANUFACTURE OF EITHER COUNTRY, SUBJECT TO INTERNAL DUTY OR TO DUTY ON THE MATERIALS, MAY BE SUBJECTED ON IMPORTATION INTO EACH COUNTRY TO COUNTERVAILING DUTIES; AND UPON THEIR EXPORT A DRAWBACK OF THE DUTY SHALL BE ALLOWED. That any articles of the growth, produce or manufacture of either country, which are or may be subject to internal duty or to duty on the materials of which they are composed, may be made subject, on their importation into each country respectively from the other, to such countervailing duty as shall appear to be just and reasonable in respect of such internal duty or duties on the materials; and that for the said purposes the articles specified in the said schedule number one A. and B. shall be subject to the duties set forth therein, liable to be taken off, diminished or increased in the manner herein specified; and that upon the export of the said articles from each country to the other respectively, a drawback shall be given equal in amount to the countervailing duty payable on such articles on the import thereof into the same country from the other; and that in like manner in future it shall be competent to the united Parliament to impose any new or additional countervailing duties, or to take off or diminish such existing countervailing duties as may appear, on like principles, to be just and reasonable in respect of any future or additional internal duty on any article of the growth, produce or manufacture of either country, or of any new or additional duty on any materials of which such article may be composed, or of any abatement of duty on the same; and that when any such new or additional countervailing duty shall be so imposed on the import of any article into either country from the other, a drawback, equal in amount to such countervailing duty, shall be given in like manner on the export of every such article respectively from the same country to the other:

ARTICLES THE PRODUCE OR MANUFACTURE OF EITHER COUNTRY, WHEN EXPORTED THROUGH THE OTHER, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO THE SAME CHARGES AS IF EXPORTED DIRECTLY FROM THE COUNTRY OF WHICH THEY WERE THE PRODUCE OR MANUFACTURE.-That all articles, the growth, produce or manufacture of either country, when exported through the other, shall in all cases be exported subject to the same charges as if they had been exported directly from the country of which they were the growth, produce or manufacture:

[The last paragraph of Article 6 (Duties, &c.) and the schedule thereto, rep. 34 & 35 Vict. c. 116, S.L.R.).]

ARTICLE SEVENTH.

THE INTEREST AND THE SINKING FUND FOR REDUCTION OF THE DEBT OF EITHER KINGDOM SHALL CONTINUE TO BE DEFRAYED SEPARATELY.-That it be the Seventh Article of Union, that the charge arising from the payment of the interest, and the sinking fund for the reduction of the principal, of the debt incurred in either kingdom before the union, shall continue to be separately defrayed by Great Britain and Ireland respectively, except as herein-after provided :

THE EXPENDITURE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM TO BE DEFRAYED AND PROVIDED FOR AS HEREIN SPECIFIED.-That for the space of twenty years after the union shall take place the contribution of Great Britain and Ireland respectively towards the expenditure of the United Kingdom in each year shall be defrayed in the proportion of fifteen parts for Great Britain and two parts for Ireland; and that at the expiration of the said twenty years the future expenditure of the United Kingdom (other than the interest and charges of the debt to which either country shall be separately liable) shall be defrayed in such proportion as the Parliament of the United Kingdom shall deem just and reasonable, upon a comparison of the real value of the exports and imports of the respective countries upon an average of the three years next preceding the period of revision; or on a comparison of the value of the quantities of the following articles consumed within the respective countries on a similar average, videlicet, beer, spirits, sugar, wine, tea, tobacco and malt or according to the aggregate proportion resulting from both these considerations combined; or on a comparison of the amount of income in each country, estimated from the produce for the same period of a general tax, if such shall have been imposed on the same descriptions of income in both countries; and that the Parliament of the United Kingdom shall afterwards proceed in like manner to revise and fix the said proportions according to the same rules, or any of them, at periods not more distant than twenty years nor less than seven years from each other; unless previous to any such

period the Parliament of the United Kingdom shall have declared, as herein-after provided, that the expenditure of the United Kingdom shall be defrayed indiscriminately by equal taxes imposed on the like articles in both countries: That for the defraying the said expenditure according to the rules above laid down the revenues of Ireland shall hereafter constitute a consolidated fund, which shall be charged, in the first instance, with the interest of the debt of Ireland and with the sinking fund applicable to the reduction of the said debt, and the remainder shall be applied towards defraying the proportion of the expenditure of the United Kingdom, to which Ireland may be liable in each year: That the proportion of contribution to which Great Britain and Ireland will be liable shall be raised by such taxes in each country respectively as the Parliament of the United Kingdom shall from time to time deem fit: Provided always, that in regulating the taxes in each country, by which their respective proportions shall be levied, no article in Ireland shall be made liable to any new or additional duty, by which the whole amount of duty payable thereon would exceed the amount which will be thereafter payable in England on the like article: That if at the end of any year any surplus shall accrue from the revenues of Ireland, after defraying the interest, sinking fund, and proportional contribution and separate charges to which the said country shall then be liable, taxes shall be taken off to the amount of such surplus, or the surplus shall be applied by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to local purposes in Ireland, or to make good any deficiency which may arise in the revenues of Ireland in time of peace, or be invested by the Commissioners of the National Debt of Ireland in the funds, to accumulate for the benefit of Ireland at compound interest, in ease of the contribution of Ireland in time of war; provided that the surplus so to accumulate shall at no future period be suffered to exceed the sum of five millions: That all monies to be raised after the union by loan, in peace or war, for the service of the United Kingdom by the Parliament thereof, shall be considered to be a joint debt, and the charges thereof shall be borne by the respective countries in the proportion of their respective contributions; provided that if at any time, in raising their respective contributions hereby fixed for each country, the Parliament of the United Kingdom shall judge it fit to raise a greater proportion of such respective contributions in one country within the year than in the other, or to set apart a greater proportion of sinking fund for the liquidation of the whole or any part of the loan raised on account of the one country than of that raised on account of the other country, then such part of the said loan, for the liquidation of which different provisions shall have been made for the respective countries, shall be kept distinct, and shall be borne by each separately, and only that part of the said loan be deemed joint and common, for the reduction of which the respective countries shall have made provision in the proportion of their respective contributions: That if at any future day the separate debt of each country respectively shall have been liquidated, or if the values of their respective debts (estimated according to the amount of the interest and annuities attending the same and of the sinking fund applicable to the reduction thereof, and to the period within which the whole capital of such debt shall appear to be redeemable by such sinking fund) shall be to each other in the same proportion with the respective contributions of each country respectively, or if the amount by which the value of the larger of such debts shall vary from such proportion shall not exceed one hundredth part of the said value, and if it shall appear to the Parliament of the United Kingdom that the respective circumstances of the two countries will thenceforth admit of their contributing indiscriminately, by equal taxes imposed on the same articles in each, to the future expenditure of the United Kingdom, it shall be competent to the Parliament of the United Kingdom to declare that all future expence thenceforth to be incurred, together with the interest and charges of all joint debts contracted previous to such declaration, shall be so defrayed indiscriminately by equal taxes imposed on the same articles in each country, and thenceforth from time to time, as circumstances may require, to impose and apply such taxes accordingly, subject only to such particular exemptions or abatements in Ireland, and in that part of Great Britain called Scotland, as circumstances may appear from time to time to demand: That from the period of such declaration it shall no longer be necessary to regulate the contribution of the two countries towards the future expenditure of the United Kingdom according to any specifick proportion, or according to any of the rules herein-before prescribed; provided nevertheless, that the interest or charges which may remain on account of any part of the separate debt with which either country shall be chargeable, and which shall not be

liquidated or consolidated proportionably as above, shall, until extinguished, continue to be defrayed by separate taxes in each country: That a sum, not less than the sum which has been granted by the Parliament of Ireland on the average of six years immediately preceding the first day of January in the year one thousand eight hundred, in premiums for the internal encouragement of agriculture or manufactures, or for the maintaining institutions for pious and charitable purposes, shall be applied, for the period of twenty years after the union, to such local purposes, in Ireland in such manner as the Parliament of the United Kingdom shall direct: That from and after the first day of January one thousand eight hundred and one all publick revenue arising to the United Kingdom from the territorial dependencies thereof, and applied to the general expenditure of the United Kingdom, shall be so applied in the proportions of the respective contributions of the two countries.

ARTICLE EIGHTH.

ALL LAWS IN FORCE AT THE UNION, AND ALL COURTS OF JURISDICTION WITHIN THE RESPECTIVE KINGDOMS, SHALL REMAIN SUBJECT TO SUCH ALTERATIONS AS MAY APPEAR PROPER TO THE UNITED PARLIAMENT ALL APPEALS TO BE FINALLY DECIDED BY THE PEERS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM-THERE SHALL REMAIN IN IRELAND A COURT OF ADMIRALTY, AND APPEALS THEREFROM SHALL BE TO THE DELEGATES IN CHANCERY THERE ALL LAWS CONTRARY TO THE PROVISIONS ENACTED FOR CARRYING THESE ARTICLES INTO EFFECT TO BE REPEALED. That it be the Eighth Article of Union, that all laws in force at the time of the union, and all the courts of civil and ecclesiastical jurisdiction within the respective kingdoms, shall remain as now by law established within the same, subject only to such alterations and regulations from time to time as circumstances may appear to the Parliament of the United Kingdom to require; provided that all writs of error and appeals depending at the time of the union or hereafter to be brought, and which might now be finally decided by the House of Lords of either kingdom, shall from and after the union be finally decided by the House of Lords of the United Kingdom; and provided that from and after the union there shall remain in Ireland an Instance Court of Admiralty for the determination of causes civil and maritime only, and that the appeal from sentences of the said court shall be to his Majesty's delegates in his Court of Chancery in that part of the United Kingdom called Ireland; and that all laws at present in force in either kingdom, which shall be contrary to any of the provisions which may be enacted by any Act for carrying these articles into effect, be from and after the union repealed.

HIS MAJESTY HAVING BEEN PLEASED TO APPROVE OF THE FOREGOING ARTICLES, IT IS ENACTED, THAT THEY SHALL BE THE ARTICLES Of Union, and bE IN FORCE FOR EVER, FROM JAN. 1, 1801; PROVIDED THAT BEFORE THAT PERIOD AN ACT SHALL HAVE BEEN PASSED IN IRELAND FOR CARRYING THEM INTO EFFECT.—And whereas the said articles having, by address of the respective Houses of Parliament in Great Britain and Ireland, been humbly laid before his Majesty, his Majesty has been graciously pleased to approve the same, and to recommend it to his two Houses of Parliament in Great Britain and Ireland to consider of such measures as may be necessary for giving effect to the said articles: In order therefore to give full effect and validity to the same, be it enacted by the King's most excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal, and commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, that the said foregoing recited articles, each and every one of them, according to the true import and tenor thereof, be ratified, confirmed and approved, and be and they are hereby declared to be the Articles of the Union of Great Britain and Ireland, and the same shall be in force and have effect for ever, from the first day of January which shall be in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and one; provided that before that period an Act shall have been passed by the Parliament of Ireland, for carrying into effect in the like manner the said foregoing recited articles.

2. RECITAL OF AN ACT OF THE PARLIAMENT OF IRELAND TO REGULATE THE MODE BY WHICH THE LORDS AND THE COMMONS TO SERVE IN THE PARLIAMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM ON THE PART OF IRELAND SHALL BE SUMMONED AND RETURNED.-And whereas an Act, intituled "An Act to regulate the mode by which the lords spiritual and temporal, and the commons, to serve in the Parliament of the United Kingdom on "the part of Ireland, shall be summoned and returned to the said Parliament," has been passed by the Parliament of Ireland, the tenor whereof is as follows: An Act to

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regulate the mode by which the lords spiritual and temporal, and the commons, to serve in the Parliament of the United Kingdom on the part of Ireland, shall be summoned and returned to the said Parliament. Whereas it is agreed by the Fourth Article of Union, that four lords spiritual of Ireland by rotation of sessions, and twenty-eight lords temporal of Ireland elected for life by the peers of Ireland, shall be the number to sit and vote on the part of Ireland in the House of Lords of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; and one hundred commoners (two for each county of Ireland, two for the city of Dublin, two for the city of Cork, one for the college of the Holy Trinity of Dublin, and one for each of the thirty-one most con'siderable cities, towns and boroughs,) be the number to sit and vote on the part of Ireland in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom: Be it ' enacted by the King's most excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal, and commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by authority of the same, that the said four lords spiritual shall be taken from among the lords spiritual of Ireland in the manner following; that is to say, that one of the four archbishops of Ireland and three of the eighteen bishops of Ireland shall sit in the House of Lords of the united Parliament in each session thereof, the said right of sitting being regulated as between the said archbishops respectively by a rotation among the archiepiscopal sees from session to session, and in like manner that of the bishops by a like rotation among the episcopal sees: That the primate of all Ireland for the time being shall sit in the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the archbishop of Dublin for the time being in the second, the archbishop ' of Cashel for the time being in the third, the archbishop of Tuam for the time being ' in the fourth, and so by rotation of sessions for ever, such rotation to proceed regularly ' and without interruption from session to session, notwithstanding any dissolution or expiration of Parliament: That three suffragan bishops shall in like manner sit according to rotation of their sees from session to session, in the following order; the lord bishop of Meath, the lord bishop of Kildare, the lord bishop of Derry, in the first 'session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; the lord bishop of Raphoe, the lord bishop of Limerick, Ardfert, and Aghadoe, the lord bishop of Dromore, in the 'second session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; the lord bishop of Elphin, the lord bishop of Down and Connor, the lord bishop of Waterford and Lismore, in the third session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; the lord bishop of 'Leighlin and Ferns, the lord bishop of Cloyne, the lord bishop of Cork and Ross, in the fourth session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; the lord bishop of 'Killaloe and Kilfenora, the lord bishop of Kilmore, the lord bishop of Clogher, in the 'fifth session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; the lord bishop of Ossory, the lord bishop of Killala and Achonry, the lord bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh, in the sixth session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; the said rotation to be ' nevertheless subject to such variation therefrom from time to time as is herein-after ' provided: That the said twenty-eight lords temporal shall be chosen by all the temporal peers of Ireland in the manner herein-after provided; that each of the said lords temporal so chosen shall be entitled to sit in the House of Lords of the Parlia'ment of the United Kingdom during his life; and in case of his death, or forfeiture of any of the said lords temporal, the temporal peers of Ireland shall, in the manner herein-after provided, choose another peer out of their own number to supply the place And be it enacted, that of the one hundred commoners to sit on the part ' of Ireland in the United Parliament sixty-four shall be chosen for the counties and thirty-six for the following cities and boroughs, videlicet: For each county of Ireland two; for the city of Dublin two; for the city of Cork two; for the college of the Holy Trinity of Dublin one; for the city of Waterford one; for the city of Limerick one; for the borough of Belfast one; for the county and town of Drogheda one; for the county and town of Carrickfergus one; for the borough of Newry one; for the city of Kilkenny one; for the city of Londonderry one; for the town of Galway one; for the borough of Clonmell one; for the town of Wexford one; for the town of Yougall one; for the town of Bandon-Bridge one; for the borough of Armagh one; for the borough of Dundalk one; for the town of Kinsale one; for the borough of Lisburne one; for the borough of Sligo one; for the borough of Catherlough one; for the borough of Ennis one; for the borough of Dungarvan one; for the borough of Downpatrick one; for the borough of Colraine one; for the town of Mallow one; for

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So vacant.