Physicochemical and Environmental Plant PhysiologyAcademic Press, 2005 M01 24 - 567 páginas "Physiology," which is the study of the function of cells, organs, and organisms, derives from the Latin physiologia, which in turn comes from the Greek physi- or physio-, a prefix meaning natural, and logos, meaning reason or thought. Thus physiology suggests natural science and is now a branch of biology dealing with processes and activities that are characteristic of living things. "Physicochemical" relates to physical and chemical properties, and "Environmental" refers to topics such as solar irradiation and wind. "Plant" indicates the main focus of this book, but the approach, equations developed, and appendices apply equalIy welI to animaIs and other organisms. We wilI specificalIy consider water relations, solute transport, photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration, and environmental interactions. A physiologist endeavors to understand such topics in physical and chemical terms; accurate models can then be constructed and responses to the internal and the external environment can be predicted. Elementary chemistry, physics, and mathematics are used to develop concepts that are key to under-standing biology -the intent is to provide a rigorous development, not a compendium of facts. References provide further details, although in some cases the enunciated principIes carry the reader to the forefront of current research. Calculations are used to indicate the physiological consequences of the various equations, and problems at the end of chapters provide further such exercises. Solutions to alI of the problems are provided, and the appendixes have a large tist of values for constants and conversion factors at various temperatures. |
Contenido
2 Water | 45 |
3 Solutes | 99 |
4 Light | 171 |
5 Photochemistry of Photosynthesis | 219 |
6 Bioenergetics | 267 |
7 Temperature and Energy Budgets | 307 |
8 Leaves and Fluxes | 351 |
9 Plants and Fluxes | 419 |
Solutions To Problems | 483 |
Appendix I Numerical Values of Constants and Coefficients | 529 |
Appendix II Conversion Factors and Definitions | 537 |
Appendix III Mathematical Relations | 541 |
Appendix IV Gibbs Free Energy and Chemical Potential | 545 |
| 555 | |
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absorbed absorption active transport ATP formation boundary layer C4 plants canopy cell wall Chapter chemical potential chlorophyll chloroplasts component concentration conductance consider constant cytosol decrease diffusion coefficient electrical potential electrical potential difference electron flow equals Equation equilibrium Figure fluorescence Gibbs free energy gradient heat hydrostatic pressure increase indicates intercellular air spaces ions irradiation JCO2 kJ mol-1 leads leaf leaves light lower mesophyll mesophyll cells mmol mmol m-2 mol m-3 molecular molecules move movement occurs orbital osmotic pressure pathway permeability phloem photon photosynthesis Photosystem pigments plant cells plasma membrane plasmolysis proteins radiation reaction redox potential region resistance root Section soil species stomatal surface temperature transfer transpiration trap chl turbulent air vacuole vibrational sublevel volume flux density water potential water vapor wavelength wind speed xylem zero µmol
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Página xiii - ... before the growth of any plant can be resumed. This deficit may be brought about either by direct evaporation from the soil to the air or by indirect evaporation through the plant when in a wilted or a dying condition. The permanent wilting of the plant does not then mark any limiting condition in the movement of water from the soil through the plant to the air. It is simply a point on the moisture curve corresponding to which the forces opposing the further removal of soil moisture exceed the...